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Resveratrol: A Potential Active Compound for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Saraswati, Ni Wayan Citra Ayu; Nugraha, Gede Rama Hardy; Retnaningsih, Ekawaty; Afifah, Fiza; Firdaus, Silmi; Mutia, Baiq Marceliya Anjani; Mukhlishah, Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 3 (2024): July - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7303

Abstract

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder consisting of Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). The highest prevalence of IBD is found in Asia and the cases often occur in the 15-35 group of age. Conventional therapy options that are commonly used have some side effects that impact IBD patients. Therefore, it is necessary to look for new strategies in order to treat IBD regarding their effectiveness, affordability and achieving minimum side effects. Resveratrol, a natural non-flavonoid polyphenolic compound, is commonly found in grapes and various types of berries. It is known to potentially overcome inflammation in IBD through various mechanisms including acting as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory effects, and its ability to influence the gut microbiota. This study is aiming for explaining and reviewing further mainly on resveratrol’s extraction method and its mechanism of actions to improve IBD. The resources for this study are done by searching through PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, MDPI, and Google Scholar with keywords (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) AND (Resveratrol), ⁠(Incidence and Prevalence) of Inflammatory Bowel Disease across Asia, (Threat) AND (Therapy) AND (Inflammatory Bowel Disease), (Bioactive) AND (Therapy) AND (Inflammatory Bowel Disease), (Extraction) AND (Method) AND (Resveratrol), and (Pathophysiology) AND (Inflammatory Bowel Disease). Based on evidence found on resveratrol’s benefits, this compound is apparently promising to alternatively treat IBD, but still needs more research to support its effectiveness.
Standardization of Specific and Non-Specific Parameters of Methanol Extract from Poinsettia Red Leaves (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) Abdillah, Lalu Khairi; Hanifa, Nisa Isneni; Mukhlishah, Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul; Hidayati, Agriana Rosmalina
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 3 (2024): July - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7412

Abstract

The poinsettia red leaves (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) have the potential as antibacterial and antioxidant agents and are widely utilized by the community for wound healing purposes. This research aims to determine the specific and non-specific parameter values of methanol extract from poinsettia red leaves. Samples of poinsettia red leaves were processed into extracts using the maceration method with 96% methanol as the solvent. The extract was standardized by determining specific and non-specific parameters. The test result data were analyzed descriptively in both qualitative and quantitative manners. The standardization results of specific parameters showed the identity of the extract as methanol extract of poinsettia red leaves, with organoleptic properties of a thick greenish-black extract, distinctive poinsettia aroma, and bitter taste. The water-soluble compound content was 51,47% ± 0,437 and ethanol-soluble 61,22% ± 0,117. Results for non-specific parameters indicated drying loss of 12,50% ± 0,419, moisture content of 12,62% ± 0,173, total ash content of 5,25% ± 0,538, acid-insoluble ash of 0,34% ± 0,048, residual solvent 0,00% ± 0,000, total plate count was TFTC (Too Few To Count), and mold and yeast count was 1,5 x 104 colonies/g sample. This research can serve as a reference for determining specific and non-specific parameters of methanol extract from poinsettia red leaves.
Effect of Solvent Extraction on Yield and Phytochemical Screening of Kedondong (Spondias dulcis) Leaf Extracts Zahra, Nisrina; Mukhlishah, Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul; Hidayati, Agriana Rosmalina
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 4 (2024): Oktober - Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i4.7465

Abstract

Kedondong (Spondias dulcis) is empirically used as a cough medicine, skin pain, burns, and antimicrobials. in addition, the people of Kembang Paseban Village, Mersam Subdistrict, Batanghari District, Jambi Province use kedondong leaves as a barut medicine (birth patch medicine). The pharmacological activity of kedondong leaf extract is as a wound healer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antipyretic, and as a larvicide. The yield value greatly affects the amount of bioactive content contained in the extract and can affect the results of phytochemical screening. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of solvent comparison on yield and phytochemical screening of ethyl acetate extract of kedondong leaves. The method used in this study was sonication with a solvent ratio of 1:5 and 1:10, the temperature and time used were 35oC and 30 minutes. The results obtained in the ratio of 1:5 obtained a higher % yield of 5.53% compared to the solvent ratio of 1:10 of 4.67%. While the metabolite compounds identified from ethyl acetate extract are flavonoids and alkaloids.
Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Centella asiatica by Soxhletation Extraction Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Anggraeni, Baiq Annisa Ulfi; Mukhlishah, Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul; Rosyunita, Rosyunita
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1b (2024): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1b.8075

Abstract

Treatment of P. aeruginosa infection often involves antibiotics but these bacteria can develop resistance. An alternative strategy is developing drugs from natural ingredients such as gotu kola herb (Centella asiatica) which contains potential antibacterial secondary metabolites. This study aims to test the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of C. asiatica extracted by the soxhletation method against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and identify the secondary metabolites. The research used laboratory experiment using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) in vitro. It includes 3 treatment groups with concentrations of 5.000 ppm, 7.500 ppm, and 10.000 ppm and 2 control groups: positive (colistin) and negative (DMSO 10%). The diameter of the inhibition zone served as an indicator of activity, and each group was reproduced five times. The biggest inhibitory zone diameter, with an average of 3 mm, was formed by the C. asiatica ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 7.500 ppm, according to the results. Secondary metabolites such triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics were detected by phytochemical analyses. The ethyl acetate fraction of C. asiatica exhibited antibacterial activity against clinical isolate P. aeruginosa, as demonstrated by the significant difference between all concentration series with the positive control in the Mann-Whitney post-hoc test results.
Comparison of Anti-Bacterial Activity of Methanol Extract and Non-Polar Fraction of Macroalgae Sargassum sp. Wibowo, Adi Tri; Widyastuti, Sri; Prasedya, Eka Sunarwidhi; Mukhlishah, Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul; Pangestu, Kukuh Waseso Jati; Sunarwidhi, Anggit Listyacahyani
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10522

Abstract

Sargassum sp. is an abundant source of bioactive non-polar compounds, however their anti-bacterial potential remains understudied. This study aimed to compare the anti-bacterial activity between the methanol extract and non-polar fraction of Sargassum sp. Extraction was performed using sonication with methanol, followed by partition with petroleum ether and fractionation on silica gel G60 using n-hexane:ethyl acetate (9:1). FTIR analysis characterized the functional groups, while anti-bacterial evaluation was performed using the disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA. FTIR spectrum of the methanol extract showed absorption bands corresponding to non-polar compounds. In the non-polar fraction, the bands were more dominant, suggesting a higher content of non-polar compounds. Anti-bacterial evaluation of Sargassum sp., methanol extract and non-polar fraction exhibited inhibitory effects against S. aureus. The non-polar fraction produced a larger inhibition zone compared to the methanol extract, indicating stronger anti-bacterial activity and significant difference between the two samples (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that the non-polar fraction of Sargassum sp. methanol extract has higher anti-bacterial activity compared to the extract. Further studies are recommended to elucidate the individual bioactive compounds and identify their anti-bacterial mechanisms.