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Health Promotion Strategies for Managing Exercise Intensity and Duration Among Athletes: A Scoping Review Kahanjak, Donna Novina; Ilhamjaya Patellongi; Mushawwir Taiyeb; Nukhrawi Nawir; Ira Jayanti; Gampa, Evan Kristanto
Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI) Vol. 8 No. 12 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/mppki.v9i1.9113

Abstract

Introduction: Regular physical exercise offers substantial benefits to cardiovascular health by improving aerobic capacity, cardiac efficiency, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, excessive or unregulated training may lead to maladaptive cardiac remodeling and increase the risk of arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death. Understanding the physiological boundaries of exercise-induced cardiac adaptation is therefore crucial for promoting safe and effective athletic performance. Methods: This scoping review followed a systematic protocol based on the PEOS framework (Population, Exposure, Outcome, Study Design). Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2000 and 2024 using relevant keywords on cardiac responses to exercise. Inclusion criteria covered original research and reviews focusing on cardiac adaptation, remodeling, and training intensity among athletes. From an initial 512 records, 20 eligible studies were critically appraised and synthesized using a narrative approach. Results: Endurance training predominantly induced eccentric hypertrophy and increased left and right ventricular volumes without systolic dysfunction, while resistance training produced concentric hypertrophy due to higher pressure load. These structural adaptations were physiological, reversible, and not associated with fibrosis. Conversely, extreme endurance activities were linked to transient cardiac fatigue and elevated cardiac biomarkers. Detraining studies confirmed regression of cardiac mass, highlighting the reversible nature of physiological remodeling. Conclusion: Cardiac responses to exercise depend on training intensity, duration, and type. Physiological remodeling enhances cardiovascular function, whereas excessive training or genetic predispositions may lead to pathological consequences. Balancing load and recovery, alongside periodic medical evaluation, is essential to optimize performance and prevent cardiovascular complications.
The effect of the SM2CL learning model on students’ critical thinking skills in the digestive system topic Pratama, Lisra; Taiyeb, Mushawwir; Rachmawaty, Rachmawaty; Daud, Firdaus; Mu’nisa, Andi
BIO-INOVED : Jurnal Biologi-Inovasi Pendidikan Vol 8, No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Master Program of Biology Education, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/bino.v8i1.24915

Abstract

The demands of 21st-century education emphasize critical thinking in learning. Critical thinking is essential in learning biology, especially in the topic of the human digestive system. However, the limited use of varied learning models reduces opportunities to develop students' critical thinking skills. Therefore, an appropriate learning model is needed, namely the SM2CL model. This model is appropriate because it combines learning models, strategies, and methods. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Synectics, Mind Mapping, and Cooperative Learning (SM2CL) learning model on critical thinking skills among class XI students in the digestive system material at MAN 3 Bone. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The study consisted of 60 samples, comprising 2 classes of students. The study, using ANCOVA to test the hypothesis, showed a significant effect of the SM2CL model (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the LSD test indicated a significant difference between students taught using the SM2CL model and those taught using the direct instruction model. These findings suggest that the SM2CL model is more effective in enhancing students' critical thinking skills in biology learning, particularly in the digestive system topic. This study contributes to biology education by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of integrated learning models in promoting critical thinking skills.Abstrak. Tuntutan pendidikan abad ke-21 menekankan pemikiran kritis dalam pembelajaran. Pemikiran kritis sangat penting dalam pembelajaran biologi, khususnya pada topik sistem pencernaan manusia. Namun, penggunaan model pembelajaran yang beragam yang terbatas mengurangi kesempatan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan model pembelajaran yang tepat yaitu model SM2CL. Model ini tepat karena memadukan model, strategi dan metode pembelajaran Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran Synectics, Mind Mapping, dan Cooperative Learning (SM2CL) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas XI pada materi sistem pencernaan di MAN 3 Bone. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi-eksperimental dengan desain kelompok kontrol pretest-posttest. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 60 sampel yang terdiri dari dua kelas siswa. Hasil penelitian, menggunakan uji ANCOVA untuk menguji hipotesis, menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan model SM2CL dengan nilai signifikansi p < 0,05. Selanjutnya, uji LSD menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara siswa yang diajar menggunakan model SM2CL dan siswa yang diajar menggunakan model pengajaran langsung. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa model SM2CL lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran biologi, khususnya pada topik sistem pencernaan. Studi ini berkontribusi pada pendidikan biologi dengan memberikan bukti empiris tentang efektivitas model pembelajaran terintegrasi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis.
The Effect of Using Dartboard Media on Critical Thinking Skills and Student Learning Outcomes in the Digestive System Topic Nailasari; Taiyeb, Mushawwir; Hartono; Daud, Firdaus; Ali, Alimuddin
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 12 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v12i2.14342

Abstract

The development of critical thinking skills and improved learning outcomes are central goals of effective biology instruction. However, conventional learning media often fail to sufficiently stimulate higher-order thinking processes. This study examined the effect of dartboard-based learning media on students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes in the topic of the digestive system. A quantitative quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group structure was employed, involving two grade XI classes at SMA Negeri 8 Gowa assigned as experimental and control groups. Data were collected through validated critical thinking and achievement tests and analyzed using inferential statistics. The results indicated that students taught using dartboard learning media demonstrated significantly higher critical thinking skills and learning outcomes compared to those receiving conventional instruction (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that dartboard-based media effectively promotes active engagement, facilitates higher-order cognitive processes, and enhances academic performance in biology learning contexts.