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I Dewa Putu Wijana
Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Social Sciences Other

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Journal : LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching

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UNDERSTANDING JAVANESE HARSH EXPRESSIONS AS REFLECTIONS OF CULTURAL NORMS, EMOTIONS, AND SOCIAL RELATIONS Hendrokumoro, Hendrokumoro; Wijana, I Dewa Putu; Ma'shumah, Nadia Khumairo
LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching Vol 28, No 2 (2025): October 2025 (in progress)
Publisher : English Education Study Programme of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/llt.v28i2.11333

Abstract

Although extensive research on Javanese has focused on politeness, speech levels, and also the preservation of social harmony, studies addressing its harsh words and expressions remain limited. This gap fails to address how Javanese accommodate the expression of conflict, frustration, mockery, as well as other forms of emotional intensity that challenge the idealized image of politeness. The main objective of this study was to investigate the lexicons that constitute harsh words or expressions in Javanese, with particular attention to their sources and the cultural analogies that shape their harsh meanings. Data were generated through the introspective method and literature review and analyzed using Conceptual Metaphor and Dysphemism Theory. The analysis revealed that Javanese harsh words or expressions are grouped into three categories: physical activities, physical states, and body parts or organs, with their usage reflecting two opposite poles: negative, when employed to express conflict, frustration, criticism, or mockery; and neutral, when used playfully among close friends. The findings indicate that the harshness of Javanese expressions is not embedded in the lexical items themselves, but instead arises from the situational and socio-cultural contexts, along with the meanings they convey.
Co-Authors Adi Sutrisno Agwin Degaf Anggia Suci Pratiwi Ari Listiyorini Arini Hidayah, Arini Asmara, Rangga Atiqa Sabardila B.R. Suryo Baskoro Elly Delfia Esthi Nawangsasi F.X Nadar Fajar Fitrian Haidar Jaganegara Hanung Triyoko Hayatul Cholsy Hendrokumoro Hendrokumoro, Hendrokumoro Huang Haiyan Huili Li I Desak Ketut Titis Ary Laksanti Ida Bagus Gede Dharma Putra Jaganegara, Haidar Jaya, Patria Handung Kristianti, Yuliana Kundharu Saddhono Meiliana Nurfitriani, Meiliana Muhammad Ramlan Nadia Khumairo Ma'shumah Nawangsasi, Esthi Nurbaidah, Siti Permatasari, Alfelia Nugky Praptomo Baryadi Isodarus Pratiwi, Anggia Suci Primantari, Adista Nur Putra, Ida Bagus Gede Dharma Romadlani, Muhammad Masqotul Imam Rosyidah, Fadllur Rohmah Ziyadatur Setyari, Agustina Dewi Shi Yuxin Siti Chamamah Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo Suhandano Suhandano Sulistyowati Sulistyowati Sulistyowati, Sulistyowati Surahmat Surahmat Surahmat Surahmat Surahmat Surahmat, Surahmat Suryo Baskoro Sutami, Hermina Syamsul Ph.D M.A. Hadi Tatang Hariri Tofan Dwi Hardjanto Tri Mastoyo Jati Kesuma Ubaidillah Ubaidillah Viklous, Belinda Ekharisti Wening Udasmoro Wira Kurniawati, Wira Yenny Kurniawati Yoga, Adwidya