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I Dewa Putu Wijana
Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
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Mapping the phonological processes of 4, 5, and 6 years old children in PAUD Tasikmalaya Pratiwi, Anggia Suci; Wijana, I Dewa Putu; Sutrisno, Adi; Nurfitriani, Meiliana
BAHASTRA Vol. 45 No. 2 (2025): BAHASTRA
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/bs.v45i2.1518

Abstract

Phonological ability reflects the perceptual and cognitive mechanisms required for children to learn and produce speech. This study aims to map phonological processes in early childhood at PAUD institutions in Tasikmalaya. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected from 315 children aged 4–6 years (77 aged 4, 148 aged 5, and 90 aged 6) across five schools: RA Baiturrahman, TK Negeri Pembina, TK Cangkurileung Kartika IX-10, TK IT Ihya As-Sunah, and Joykids. Speech samples in Indonesian were obtained through recordings of both structured and conversational speech. Data validity was ensured through expert judgment, and analysis followed the stages of data reduction, display, and verification. Results show that assimilation was the most dominant phonological process for both vowels and consonants across all ages. For vowels, assimilation declined with age (9 cases at age 4, 7 at age 5, and 3 at age 6), while addition (4 → 2 → 2) and substitution (3 → 0 → 1) were less frequent. Consonant assimilation was more prevalent (62 → 71 → 27), with gliding substitution (13 → 5 → 0) and general substitution (4 → 2 → 0) steadily decreasing. Sound addition appeared only at age 6 (3 cases). These findings indicate that vowel mastery stabilizes earlier, while consonant mastery involves more complex developmental processes. The study provides baseline data for identifying phonological difficulties early and offers guidance for PAUD teachers to recognize ongoing phonological processes beyond age six as possible signs of language delay.
Co-Authors Adi Sutrisno Agwin Degaf Anggia Suci Pratiwi Ari Listiyorini Arini Hidayah, Arini Aris Munandar Asmara, Rangga Atiqa Sabardila B.R. Suryo Baskoro Elly Delfia Esthi Nawangsasi F.X Nadar Fajar Fitrian Haidar Jaganegara Hanung Triyoko Hanung Triyoko, Hanung Hayatul Cholsy Hendrokumoro Hendrokumoro, Hendrokumoro Huang Haiyan Huili Li I Desak Ketut Titis Ary Laksanti Ida Bagus Gede Dharma Putra Ilmiasari, Nurul Jaganegara, Haidar Jaya, Patria Handung Kristianti, Yuliana Kundharu Saddhono Meiliana Nurfitriani, Meiliana Muhammad Ramlan Nadia Khumairo Ma'shumah Nawangsasi, Esthi Nurbaidah, Siti Permatasari, Alfelia Nugky Praptomo Baryadi Isodarus Pratiwi, Anggia Suci Primantari, Adista Nur Putra, Ida Bagus Gede Dharma Romadlani, Muhammad Masqotul Imam Rosyidah, Fadllur Rohmah Ziyadatur Sailal Arimi Setyari, Agustina Dewi Shi Yuxin Siti Chamamah Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo Suhandano Suhandano Sulistyowati Sulistyowati Sulistyowati, Sulistyowati Surahmat Surahmat Surahmat Surahmat Surahmat Surahmat, Surahmat Suryo Baskoro Sutami, Hermina Syamsul Ph.D M.A. Hadi Tatang Hariri Thomas Joko Priyo Sembodo Tofan Dwi Hardjanto Tri Mastoyo Jati Kesuma Ubaidillah Ubaidillah Viklous, Belinda Ekharisti Wening Udasmoro Wira Kurniawati, Wira Yenny Kurniawati Yoga, Adwidya