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Potensi Chilling Effect Tindak Pidana Penghinaan terhadap Kebebasan Berpendapat Ayumi, Rara Bunga; Rusdiana, Emmilia
Diktum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Mei
Publisher : Universitas Pancasakti Tegal

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24905/hjr06h60

Abstract

Freedom of expression is a fundamental right in democratic states, functioning as a means of public participation and oversight of power. However, this right may be restricted through criminal law to protect individual honor and maintain public order. Problems arise when criminal defamation norms are broadly formulated and lack clear limitations, creating legal uncertainty in their enforcement. Such conditions may generate a chilling effect, where individuals restrain expression due to fear of criminal sanctions. This study aims to analyze the concept of the chilling effect in restricting freedom of expression and evaluate criminal defamation regulations from a legal certainty perspective. Using normative legal research methods, this study finds that broadly interpreted norms may encourage self-censorship, highlighting the need for clearer, more precise, and proportionate legal formulations. The findings also imply that ambiguous insult provisions in the Indonesian Penal Code risk undermining democratic discourse and require judicial safeguards to prevent excessive restriction of public criticism. Therefore, a balanced approach between reputation protection and freedom of expression is essential.
Wiretapping Gaps Threaten Presumption of Innocence in New Criminal Procedure: Kekosongan Aturan Penyadapan Mengancam Asas Praduga Tak Bersalah Putri, Naura Atha Fadhila Salvia Berti; Rusdiana, Emmilia
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.14313

Abstract

General Background Criminal procedure must reconcile effective law enforcement with legality, due process, privacy, and the presumption of innocence. Specific Background The new Criminal Procedure Code recognizes wiretapping as a coercive measure and grants investigators authority to use it in criminal investigation, while its detailed procedures remain delegated to a separate statute. Knowledge Gap Existing discussions on coercive measures have largely centered on arrest, detention, search, seizure, and pretrial oversight, whereas wiretapping under the new procedural regime remains insufficiently examined, particularly in relation to the presumption of innocence and the absence of comprehensive procedural safeguards. Aims This study analyzes the authority to conduct wiretapping as a coercive measure and its legal implications for privacy rights, legality, due process of law, and the presumption of innocence. Results The findings show that wiretapping is relevant for uncovering modern crimes involving technological communication, but the lack of clear rules on implementation, judicial authorization, supervision, subject limits, offense categories, duration, and accountability creates legal uncertainty and opens space for abuse of authority. Wiretapping at the preliminary stage may also place individuals who have not been named suspects under state surveillance, thereby risking privacy violations and weakening the presumption of innocence. Novelty The study positions wiretapping as a high-intrusion coercive measure that requires strict subsidiarity, proportionality, and judicial control before use. Implications Comprehensive regulation is needed to balance criminal law enforcement with human rights protection and to secure the validity of electronic evidence in criminal justice. Highlights • Coercive interception supports the detection of technology-based crime.• Procedural uncertainty opens room for misuse of investigative authority.• Judicial control is needed to balance enforcement and human rights. Keywords Wiretapping; Coercive Measures; Presumption Of Innocence; Criminal Procedure; Human Rights
Co-Authors ., Hifni Abdul Madjid ADHI WICAKSONO, SETYO Ahmad, Gelar Ali Aisy, Shinta Farah Rohadatul Aisyiah, Siti Nur AJI, ROJIL NUGROHO BAYU Aji, Wisnu Kuncoro AKBAR ROSYIDI, ACHMAD Al Akbar, Esa Setya Al Faatah, Sastra Ageng AL HAFIEDZ, ADHEN Alfiassalam, Fawziah Nur Andreansyah, Gilang Chesar Anggraini, Crisdinata Refta ARI ADYATI, ANISA Arianto Nugroho, Arianto Arinto Nugroho Arizki, Faisal Farras Prima Armadonny, Rizky Arrifqi, Moh Fahmi ARUM PERTIWI, HELADIN ashola, dunga AWALANANDA, RIDHO AYU DINI, ALMIRA Ayumi, Rara Bunga Azzah S, Iftinan R BAGAS AGUS N, CANDRA Bahari, Cornelia Indira Kusuma Bin Awang, Mohd Badrol Damayanti, Afina Damayanti, Henny Puspita damayanti, reynisa ikko Delpiro, Ervindo Dewi Setyowati Edy Mulyono EKA PUTRA PRIYONO, FRYANSAH Fajriyah, Laila Himmatul Fazila, Arina Nur Febriant, Rena Arya Febrianti, Rena Arya Gantara, Rega Angga Gumelar, Adam HANANTO WIDODO Hardianti, Firda Yanis Hermawati, Rr. Lilis Hernanda, Dhicha Ayudiah IFTITAHUL AHSANI, TASYA Ilmansyah, Destra Ridho Risma Indah Bilqis, Vidya Afiyanti Irfa Ronaboyd IRFAN SAPUTRO, TINO Khairunnisa, Riestya Auryn Kurniawan, Devit Kusuma, Dinda Puteri Fathurachmah Layli, Azyzatul Maharani, Rizkiyah Putri Mahardhika, Vita Mahesa, Rifqi Noviendra Milda Istiqomah Mochtar, Helmi Nauval Muhammad Akmal TaufiqulHakim Muhammad Khoirul Huda Muhammad, Tio Aldino MUKARROMAH, LULUUL Muntari, Laedy Septi Nathalia, Dessy Ni'mah, Eka Maulan Nurul Hikmah Ocktavianti, Okky Oktaviani, Asfarina Pajuk, Adeline Angelina Pangestuti, Sisca PANJI SUGIARTO PUTRA, GUSTI Pasaribu, Kesna Elia PRABAWATI, TIARA DEWI Prasetio, Dicky Eko PUDJI ASTUTI PURNAMA SARI, MIRA Puspita, Audy Clara Putra, Dandi Akbar Putri, Naura Atha Fadhila Salvia Berti Putri, Senia Wandalillah Rachmania, Adinda Hilda Ramadhan, Rizki Wahyu Rindiarto, Ardhian Fadillah roszana, dina Said, Muhamad Helmi Md SARI, ELMA Sari, Nurnilam Sidauruk, Karsito Pardomuan Sonny Zulhuda SYAH PUTRA, AFFRIANTO Tinambunan, Hezron Sabar Rotua TRI YANINGRUM, SEPTI Tsania, Shofi Wilda ULVA DWI SEPTIYOWATI, LIDYA Ulyatin Zumaroh, Siti Nur UROMAH, ANISA Wahono, Eldiva Firtsananda Arrafi Wahyudi, Bagus Dwi WAHYUDI, PONCO Widyowati, Wulandari WULANDARI, MILIA Yatunisa, Rizki Yekti, Fetty Faulina Yuardini, Fransiska Yuardini Yulia, Eva Yundari, Yundari Yuniantari, Djihan YUSANDHA, MERZADIO