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Implementasi Taqwim Standar Indonesia sebagai Pemersatu Kalender Masyarakat Indonesia Adam Firmansyah Ahmad; Fatmawati, Azizah; Siti Tatmainul Qulub
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i2.4166

Indonesia is famous for its diversity ranging from culture, religion, ethnicity and others. Including the calendar system owned by each tribe or local community. In Indonesia itself for the calendar calendar system that is known in general, namely the Samsiyah calendar system (AD) and the Qomariyah year (Hijri). Almost every tribe or community in every region in Indonesia has their own local calendar or calendar according to their beliefs. Due to the existence of these various calendars, the Government is trying to unify these various types of calendars through the Indonesian Standard Taqwin, where the method or criteria used are the Imkan al-Rukyat criteria or the Visibility of the Hilal MABIMS. Although there is no obligation to comply with one regulation, namely regarding the use of one main calendar, this effort is intended to harmonize the use of calendars in Indonesia.

Analisa Pergeseran Kalender Gregorian Menjadi Kalender Dunia Sari, Indah Puspita; Siti Tatmainul Qulub
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.4172

The Julius calendar or also known as the Old Style calendar is a calendar pioneered by Julius Caesar as a reform of the Roman republican calendar. The Julian calendar was formed at the time of knowing a difference of about 3 months in the calendar that was in effect at that time, namely the Ancient Roman Calendar which had been replaced long ago. The Ancient Roman calendar set the length of a year at only 365 days, ignoring the remaining days of the actual solar year. This is known when the day of the harvest season coincided with a holiday among the Romans which actually fell in summer but occurred in winter, where the number of days in the Roman year was shorter than the number of days in the solar year. Therefore, Julius Caesar and assisted by a Greek astronomer named Sosigenes corrected the error of the Roman calendar system at that time by making one year 365 days. Then the Gregorian calendar was born. This calender is the Gregorian calender or it can also be called the New Style Calender reformed from the Julius calender. The Gregorian calender is the most widely used calender in the western world and is the standard for calculating international days today although initially rejected by some countries.Keywords: Julius calender, Gregorian calender, Gregorian calender rejection.

Analisis Kesesuaian Kalender Jawa Islam dengan Kalender Hijriyah Sholehuddin, Muhammad; Siti Tatmainul Qulub
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.4198

Before Islam came, Javanese people were familiar with the calendar system. The influx of HinduBuddhist influences also influenced the calendar in Java. Then with the start of the establishment of an Islamic-style kingdom on the island of Java, especially during the Islamic Mataram period when the influence of Islam entered the island of Java, the calendar system was changed by the great sultan to a Javanese calendar using Islamic calendar calculations. The Javanese calendar is still in existence so it is necessary to know the adjustments that occur between the Saka calendar and the Hijri calendar which then produces the Javanese Islamic calendar and to know the application used to determine the beginning of the Qomariah month with the aim of knowing howto use the Javanese Islamic calendar and know its application in determining the beginning of themonth of Qomariah. The calculation system used in the Javanese Islamic calendar is the Urfi reckoning system, except in certain years where there are different long and short year appointments at certain times. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the adjustments of the Javanese Islamic calendar in the calculations are intended to maintain conformity with the hijri calendar.Keywords: Javanese Calendar, Islamic Calendar, Qomariah Calendar

Penyatuan Kalender Hijriah Nasional dalam Perspektif Ormas Muhammadiyah dan Nahdatul Ulama (NU) Husna, Amirah Himayah; Ardini, Shirly; Qulub, Siti Tatmainul
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Penelitian ini berawal dari problematika penentuan awal bulan yang memunculkan keragaman dalam penetapannya. Problematika ini tidak terlepas dari sejarah perkembangan pemikiran Islam yang dihiasi oleh banyak aliran atau mazhab didalamnya yang kemudian memunculkan perbedaan. Perbedaan ini faktanya terjadi di Indonesia yang tidak terlepas dari dua organisasi masyarakat besar Islam yang ada di Indonesia, yakni Muhammadiyah dan Nahdatul Ulama (NU). Dalam dua organisasi masyarakat ini ada yang menggunakan metode hisab dan ada yang menggunakan metode rukyat dalam menentukan awal bulan. Problematika antara hisab dan rukyat ini senantiasa ramai bahkan mampu menjadikan umat Islam bertengkar satu sama lainnya dikarenakan masing-masing organisasi masyarakat tersebut saling mengeklaim kebenarannya. Hal ini karena, tidak ada kesepakatan terkait sistem penanggalan Hijriyah di Indonesia yang dapat dijadikan acuan bersama. Dalam mewujudkan kesatuan penetapan ini harus ada satu mazhab yang menjadi acuan, yakni mazhab negara seperti dalam kaidah “keputusan hakim (negara) untuk menghapus perbedaan”. Relevansi penyatuan kalender Hijriyah dapat dilihat dari dua sudut pandang organisasi masyarakat sedangkan untuk upaya merealisasikan penyatuan kalender Hijriyah dapat dilakukan melalui para ahli Astronomi di Indonesia berdasarkan kewenangan Kementrian Agama Republik Indonesia untuk mengambil kebijakan terhadap problematika yang ada.

Science and Fiqh in 10th Century AH: Examining Ibn Hajar al-Haytami's Views on Ru'yah al-Hilāl Munif, Ahmad; Wildan, David; Qulub, Siti Tatmainul
Ascarya: Journal of Islamic Science, Culture, and Social Studies Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Alumni dan Santri Mahyajatul Qurro'

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53754/iscs.v4i2.710

Ibn Hajar al-Haytami (d. 974 AH/1567 CE) gave his own color and demonstrated the development of ru'yah al-hilāl in Islamic civilization. As an important part of determining the beginning of Ramadan for the obligation to fast, Ibn Hajar al-Haytami was of the view that the results of ru'yah al-hilāl that utilized tools such as glass could not be accepted or used as guidelines for determining the beginning of the lunar month. This view contradicts the work of science that prioritizes and produces observation aids to maintain precision and reduce human error when observing celestial objects. With a historical and hermeneutic approach, this paper seeks to reveal the historical background of Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 's view regarding ru'yah al-hilāl. The findings of this paper are that Ibn Hajar al-Haytami's opinion is in line with and influenced by the decline of scientific civilization in Islam in the 10th century AH. At that time, especially in the Ottoman Turkish region, philosophy as the basis for the development of science was rejected and/or ignored in the scientific treasures of Islamic civilization.

Pemahaman Mahasiswa Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Ampel Tentang Fiqh Perempuan Nadhifah, Nurul Asiya; Qulub, Siti Tatmainul
Al-Hukama': The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol. 8 No. 1 (2018): Juni
Publisher : Islamic Family Law Department, Sharia and Law Faculty, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/al-hukama.2018.8.1.240-269

Understanding of women's fiqh associated with female bleeding (dima' al-mar'ah) is very important to be owned by men especially by women. Syari'ah and Law Facultyâ€™s students are required to understand Shari'ah and law knowledge, one of which is about women's bleeding. However, in the curriculum of study programs in the Faculty of Shari'ah and Law of UINSA no one specifically discussed the matter. Understanding of students related to menstrual blood, childbirth and istihadhah majority is still at the moderate level. They can only define and know the difference in time when the blood comes out. As for the wisdom and legal implications for women who experience bleeding in the implementation of worship, they still do not know and define it. The implications of legal law that they know are only limited to prayer, fasting and carrying, holding and reading the Qur'an. The rest they are still confused or do not know. Of the several factors that influence a person's understanding, there are five main factors that greatly influence students' understanding regarding menstrual blood, childbirth and istihadhah, namely factors of experience, intelligence, gender, education and school environment. Other factors that are age, occupation, socio-culture and economy, and the amount of media information does not affect the students' understanding regarding menstrual blood, childbirth and istihadhah. [Pemahaman tentang fiqh perempuan yang terkait dengan perdarahan perempuan (dima’ al-mar’ah) sangat penting untuk dimiliki, baik oleh laki-laki terutama sekali oleh perempuan. Mahasiswa Fakultas Syari’ah dan Hukum dituntut untuk memahami ilmu syari’ah, salah satunya tentang perdarahan perempuan. Namun, dalam kurikulum prodi-prodi yang ada di Fakultas Syari’ah dan Hukum Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, tidak ada yang secara spesifik membahas hal tersebut. Pemahaman mahasiswa terkait darah haid, nifas dan istihadhah, mayoritas masih berada pada taraf sedang. Mereka baru dapat mendefinisikan dan mengetahui perbedaan waktu keluarnya darah-darah tersebut, tetapi belum mengetahui dan mendefinisikan hikmah serta implikasi hukum bagi wanita yang mengalami perdarahan tersebut terhadap pelaksanaan ibadah. Implikasi hukum ibadah yang mereka ketahui hanya terbatas pada shalat, puasa dan membawa, memegang serta membaca al-Qur'an. Dari beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi pamahaman seseorang, ada lima faktor utama yang sangat mempengaruhi pemahaman mahasiswa terkait darah haid, nifas dan istihadhah, yaitu pengalaman, intelegensia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan lingkungan sekolah. Faktor lainnya seperti usia, pekerjaan, sosial-budaya dan ekonomi, serta banyaknya media informasi, tidak banyak mempengaruhi pemahaman mahasiswa terkait darah haid, nifas dan istihadhah.]

INTERPRETATION OF FAJR ṢĀDIQ AND FAJR KĀDHIB IN Al-SHĀFI’Ī SCHOOL’S TEXTS: A HADITH AND ASTRONOMICAL PERSPECTIVES Qulub, Siti Tatmainul; Nadhifah, Nurul Asiya; Ahmad Munif; Mokhamad Ali Ridlo
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 2, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.2.23868

This study explores the interpretation of false dawn (fajr kādhib) and true dawn (fajr ṣādiq) in al-Shāfi’ī fiqh texts through the lenses of hadith and astronomy. It compares classical definitions by al-Rāfi'ī and al-Nawawī with contemporary scientific and hadith-based perspectives. Using documentation and descriptive-critical analysis, the research finds that fajr kādhib is described as vertical light (mustathil) resembling a wolf's tail, appearing briefly and vanishing. In contrast, fajr ṣādiq is horizontal light (mustaṭīr) spreading across the horizon, gradually brightening. From a hadith perspective, this aligns with al-mu'taridh (true dawn) and al-mustathil (false dawn). Astronomically, fajr kādhib matches zodiacal light, which doesn’t disappear, and fajr ṣādiq corresponds to sunlight scattering. Thus, the disappearance of fajr kādhib, as described in classical texts, lacks modern scientific support.

Implementasi Taqwim Standar Indonesia sebagai Pemersatu Kalender Masyarakat Indonesia Adam Firmansyah Ahmad; Fatmawati, Azizah; Siti Tatmainul Qulub
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i2.4166

Indonesia is famous for its diversity ranging from culture, religion, ethnicity and others. Including the calendar system owned by each tribe or local community. In Indonesia itself for the calendar calendar system that is known in general, namely the Samsiyah calendar system (AD) and the Qomariyah year (Hijri). Almost every tribe or community in every region in Indonesia has their own local calendar or calendar according to their beliefs. Due to the existence of these various calendars, the Government is trying to unify these various types of calendars through the Indonesian Standard Taqwin, where the method or criteria used are the Imkan al-Rukyat criteria or the Visibility of the Hilal MABIMS. Although there is no obligation to comply with one regulation, namely regarding the use of one main calendar, this effort is intended to harmonize the use of calendars in Indonesia.

Analisa Pergeseran Kalender Gregorian Menjadi Kalender Dunia Sari, Indah Puspita; Siti Tatmainul Qulub
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.4172

The Julius calendar or also known as the Old Style calendar is a calendar pioneered by Julius Caesar as a reform of the Roman republican calendar. The Julian calendar was formed at the time of knowing a difference of about 3 months in the calendar that was in effect at that time, namely the Ancient Roman Calendar which had been replaced long ago. The Ancient Roman calendar set the length of a year at only 365 days, ignoring the remaining days of the actual solar year. This is known when the day of the harvest season coincided with a holiday among the Romans which actually fell in summer but occurred in winter, where the number of days in the Roman year was shorter than the number of days in the solar year. Therefore, Julius Caesar and assisted by a Greek astronomer named Sosigenes corrected the error of the Roman calendar system at that time by making one year 365 days. Then the Gregorian calendar was born. This calender is the Gregorian calender or it can also be called the New Style Calender reformed from the Julius calender. The Gregorian calender is the most widely used calender in the western world and is the standard for calculating international days today although initially rejected by some countries.Keywords: Julius calender, Gregorian calender, Gregorian calender rejection.

Analisis Kesesuaian Kalender Jawa Islam dengan Kalender Hijriyah Sholehuddin, Muhammad; Siti Tatmainul Qulub
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.4198

Before Islam came, Javanese people were familiar with the calendar system. The influx of HinduBuddhist influences also influenced the calendar in Java. Then with the start of the establishment of an Islamic-style kingdom on the island of Java, especially during the Islamic Mataram period when the influence of Islam entered the island of Java, the calendar system was changed by the great sultan to a Javanese calendar using Islamic calendar calculations. The Javanese calendar is still in existence so it is necessary to know the adjustments that occur between the Saka calendar and the Hijri calendar which then produces the Javanese Islamic calendar and to know the application used to determine the beginning of the Qomariah month with the aim of knowing howto use the Javanese Islamic calendar and know its application in determining the beginning of themonth of Qomariah. The calculation system used in the Javanese Islamic calendar is the Urfi reckoning system, except in certain years where there are different long and short year appointments at certain times. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the adjustments of the Javanese Islamic calendar in the calculations are intended to maintain conformity with the hijri calendar.Keywords: Javanese Calendar, Islamic Calendar, Qomariah Calendar

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