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Penyatuan Kalender Hijriah Nasional dalam Perspektif Ormas Muhammadiyah dan Nahdatul Ulama (NU) Husna, Amirah Himayah; Ardini, Shirly; Qulub, Siti Tatmainul
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v3i2.4772

Abstract

Penelitian ini berawal dari problematika penentuan awal bulan yang memunculkan keragaman dalam penetapannya. Problematika ini tidak terlepas dari sejarah perkembangan pemikiran Islam yang dihiasi oleh banyak aliran atau mazhab didalamnya yang kemudian memunculkan perbedaan. Perbedaan ini faktanya terjadi di Indonesia yang tidak terlepas dari dua organisasi masyarakat besar Islam yang ada di Indonesia, yakni Muhammadiyah dan Nahdatul Ulama (NU). Dalam dua organisasi masyarakat ini ada yang menggunakan metode hisab dan ada yang menggunakan metode rukyat dalam menentukan awal bulan. Problematika antara hisab dan rukyat ini senantiasa ramai bahkan mampu menjadikan umat Islam bertengkar satu sama lainnya dikarenakan masing-masing organisasi masyarakat tersebut saling mengeklaim kebenarannya. Hal ini karena, tidak ada kesepakatan terkait sistem penanggalan Hijriyah di Indonesia yang dapat dijadikan acuan bersama. Dalam mewujudkan kesatuan penetapan ini harus ada satu mazhab yang menjadi acuan, yakni mazhab negara seperti dalam kaidah “keputusan hakim (negara) untuk menghapus perbedaan”. Relevansi penyatuan kalender Hijriyah dapat dilihat dari dua sudut pandang organisasi masyarakat sedangkan untuk upaya merealisasikan penyatuan kalender Hijriyah dapat dilakukan melalui para ahli Astronomi di Indonesia berdasarkan kewenangan Kementrian Agama Republik Indonesia untuk mengambil kebijakan terhadap problematika yang ada.
Desain Pengembangan Kurikulum Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya Berbasis Integrated Twin Towers Qulub, Siti Tatmainul
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 1 No. 2 (2020): Juli
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v1i1.887

Abstract

Abstrak: Artikel ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui integrasi antara Ilmu Falak dan astronomi dalam kurikulum Ilmu Falak, dan mendesain pengembangan kurikulum Ilmu Falak di UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya yang berbasis integrated twin towers. Integrasi ilmu falak dan astronomi pada prodi studi ilmu falak sudah tampak pada level materi. Sebaran mata kuliah yang diberikan dalam pembelajaran di prodi ilmu falak memasukkan rumpun ulmu ilmu falak dan ilmu astronomi. Rumpun ilmu falak seperti Pengantar Ilmu Falak, Fiqh Mawaqit, Tafsir Ayat Hukum Falak, Hadis Hukum Falak, Sistem Penanggalan, Hisab Arah Kiblat & Waktu Shalat, Hisab Awal Bulan Qamariyah, Hisab Gerhana Bulan, Hisab Gerhana Matahari, Perangkat Rukyat Non-Optik, Perangkat Rukyat Optik, Kajian Teks Kitab Ilmu Falak, Praktikum Falak, dan Praktik Hisab dan Rukyah. Adapun rumpun ilmu astronomi meliputi; Dasar-Dasar Astronomi, Astronomi, Dasar-Dasar Astronomi Bola, Astronomi Bola, Dasar-Dasar Astrofisika, Astrofisika, Matematika, Studi Hisab dan Rukyat di Pelbagai Negara, Astronomi dan Kebudayaan. Adapun pada level filosofis dan strategi pembelajaran, integrasi keilmuan tidak terlalu tampak. Kedua, Desain kurikulum prodi ilmu falak dalam paradigma integrated twin towers diupayakan pada level materi dan metode pembelajaran. Level materi dan pembelajaran berjalan secara beriring. Kata Kunci: Ilmu Falak, Astronomi, Kurikulum Berbasis Integrated Twin Towers Abstract: This article was intended to determine the integration between Falak Science and astronomy in the Falak Science curriculum, and design the development of the Falak Science curriculum at UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya based on integrated twin towers. The integration of falak and astronomy in astronomy study programs appeared at the material level. The distribution of courses given in learning at the astronomy study program includes the ul clump of astronomy and astronomy. Falak clusters such as Introduction to Falak Science, Mawaqit Fiqh, Falaf Law Interpretation, Falak Law Hadith, Calendar System, Reckoning of Qibla Direction & Prayer Times, Preliminary Reckoning of Qamariyah, Reckoning of Moon Eclipse, Reckoning of Sun Eclipse, Non-Optic Ruling Hadith, Calendar System, Reckoning of Qibla Direction & Prayer Times, Preliminary Reckoning of Qamariyah, Reckoning of Moon Eclipse, Reckoning of Solar Eclipse, Non-Optic Ruling Hadith, Devices Rukyat Optik, Text Study of the Book of Falak Science, Falak Practicum, and Hisab and Rukyah Practices. The astronomy family includes; Basics of Astronomy, Astronomy, Basics of Ball Astronomy, Ball Astronomy, Basics of Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Mathematics, Hisab and Rukyat Studies in Various Countries, Astronomy and Culture. As for the philosophical and learning strategy levels, scientific integration is not very visible. Second, the curriculum design of the celestial study program in the integrated twin towers paradigm is pursued at the level of material and learning methods. Material and learning levels go hand in hand. Keywords: Falak Science, Astronomy, Integrated Twin Towers Curriculum
Akurasi Jam Bencet Pada Waktu Salat Zuhur di Masjid Jami’ Azharul A’wan Desa Pagelaran Malang Jawa Timur Al-Asy’ari, Adhira Firza Fauzi Syam; Kamelia, Berocca Ahmada; Mumtaz, Dewi Atikah; Yulian, Rafli Syahrul; Qulub, Siti Tatmainul
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Januari
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v4i1.2210

Abstract

Abstrak: Di era modern yang serba praktis ini, jam bencet / jam istiwa’ hampir jarang kita temui keberadaannya. Karena keberadaannya sudah tergantikan oleh jam digital. Seperti pada Masjid Azharul A’wan Desa Pagelaran, Kab. Malang, Jawa Timur ini, jam bencet ini dahulunya masih sering digunakan. Menurut wawancara takmir masjid dahulu jam bencet biasanya digunakan untuk menentukan awal waktu salat jum'at saja, untuk waktu salat selain zuhur menggunakan perhitungan hisab kontemporer. Penggunaan jam bencet yang harus membutuhkann cahaya sinar matahari membuat jam bencet hanya dapat digunakan pada waktu zuhur saja. Namun, karena tidak ada yang menjadi penerus mengoperasikan jam bencet di masjid tersebut, maka jam bencet tersebut tidak lagi digunakan oleh pengurus masjid dan beralih menggunakan jam digital. Berdasarkan keterangan inilah penulis ingin mengkaji dengan judul Akurasi Jam Bencet Pada Waktu Salat Zuhur di Masjid Azharul A’wan Desa Pagelaran, Kab. Malang, Jawa Timur dengan tujuan agar dapat mengetahui apakah jam bencet tersebut masih bisa digunakan atau tidak, dan mengetahui mengenai tingkat akurasi pada jam bencet tersebut.Kata Kunci: Jam Bencet, Istiwa’, Akurat, Waktu Zuhur Abstract: In this modern era that is all practical, bencet / istiwa' clock is almost rare to find its existence. Because digital clocks have replaced their existence, such as in the Azharul A'wan Mosque, Pagelaran Village, Malang Regency, and East Java, this bencet clock was once still often used. According to an interview with the mosque takmir, the bencet clock was used to determine the beginning of Friday prayer time only for prayer times other than zuhur, using contemporary hisab calculations. The use of bencet clocks that require sunlight means bencet clocks can only be used at zuhur time. However, because there is no successor to replace a local falak to calculate the bencet clock in the mosque, the bencet clock is no longer used by the mosque management and switches to using a digital clock. Based on this information, the author wants to study with the title Accuracy of the Bencet Clock at Zuhur Prayer Time at the Azharul A'wan Mosque, Pagelaran Village, Malang Regency, East Java with the aim of knowing whether the bencet clock can still be used or not, and learning about the level of accuracy of the bencet clock.Keywords: Bencet Clock, Istiwa', Accurate, Zuhur Time  
Dampak Tingginya Intensitas Cahaya pada Observasi Fajar Shadiq di Masjid Jami’ Manyar Gresik Firmansyah, Adam; Jannah, Ida Kholul; Firjatullah, Imawan; Oktavia, Putri Aulia; Ardini, Shirly; Qulub, Siti Tatmainul
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Juli
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v4i2.2223

Abstract

Abstrak: Penentuan awal waktu Subuh dalam Islam berkaitan erat dengan kemunculan fajar shadiq. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak tingginya intensitas cahaya terhadap visibilitas fajar shadiq di kawasan Masjid Jami’ Manyar Gresik. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi langsung menggunakan kamera DSLR dengan teknik time-lapse dan pengukuran kecerahan langit menggunakan Sky Quality Meter (SQM). Data dikumpulkan dalam rentang waktu sebelum hingga sesudah prediksi terbitnya fajar shadiq dengan interval pengamatan 60–120 detik. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa intensitas polusi cahaya buatan di kawasan industri sangat mempengaruhi keterlambatan dan bias pengamatan fajar shadiq secara visual. Kemunculan fajar shadiq sulit terdeteksi dengan mata telanjang, mengakibatkan ketidakakuratan dalam menentukan waktu Subuh. Faktor atmosferis seperti ketebalan udara, kelembaban, serta sumber cahaya lokal turut memperparah gangguan pengamatan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa lokasi dengan polusi cahaya rendah lebih ideal untuk observasi fajar shadiq. Penetapan awal Subuh berdasarkan observasi di kawasan bercahaya tinggi harus mempertimbangkan mitigasi polusi cahaya agar memperoleh hasil yang lebih akurat. Studi ini diharapkan menjadi rujukan untuk pengembangan standar observasi fajar shadiq di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: fajar shadiq, polusi cahaya, observasi astronomi, waktu Subuh. Abstract: The early determination of the time of Fajr in Islam is closely related to the appearance of the dawn of shadiq. This study aims to analyze the impact of high light intensity on the visibility of dawn shadiq in the area of the Jami' Manyar Gresik Mosque. The method used is direct observation using a DSLR camera with a time-lapse technique and measuring sky brightness using a Sky Quality Meter (SQM). Data were collected in the time range before and after the prediction of the dawn of shadiq with an observation interval of 60–120 seconds. The results of the observations showed that the intensity of artificial light pollution in industrial areas greatly affected the delay and visual bias of dawn shadiq observation. The appearance of dawn shadiq is difficult to detect with the naked eye, resulting in inaccuracies in determining the time of Fajr. Atmospheric factors such as air thickness, humidity, and local light sources also aggravate observation interference. This study concluded that locations with low light pollution are more ideal for dawn shadiq observations. The early determination of Fajr based on observations in high-light areas should consider light pollution mitigation in order to obtain more accurate results. This study is expected to be a reference for the development of dawn shadiq observation standards in Indonesia.Keywords: Dawn Shadiq, light pollution, astronomical observations, dawn time.  
Harmonisasi Metode Hisab dan Rukyat dalam Penetapan Awal Bulan Kamariah: Analisis terhadap Rekomendasi Jakarta 2017 Wayuningsih, Yuniar; Qulub, Siti Tatmainul
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Juli
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v2i2.2232

Abstract

Kondisi masyarakat Indonesia yang majemuk dan beragam ormas memunculkan berbagai pandangan mengenai penetapan awal bulan Kamariah. Pandangan tersebut disebabkan oleh perbedaan pemahaman dan penafsiran ayat serta hadis yang berkaitan dengan awal bulan Kamariah. Di Indonesia pernah terjadi sebuah kasus dimana ketika hilal berada di bawah kriteria terdapat seseorang yang bersaksi melihat hilal serta berani disumpah. Pada hakikatnya, hal ini bertentangan menurut pandangan astronomi serta hukum perdata yang ada di Indonesia. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara astronomis dan hukum acara peradilan agama, seorang yang bersaksi melihat hilal akan disahkan secara ilmu astronomi melalui data lapangan yang didapatkan serta oleh hukum acara peradilan agama dengan memenuhi syarat dan kriteria yang berlaku di Indonesia, kondisi cuaca yang yang memungkinkan untuk terlihatnya hilal, serta sesuai dengan Keputusan Mahkamah Agung RI Nomor KMA/095/X/2006. Kata Kunci:         Kesaksian, rukyatul hilal, perukyat, hukum acara, pengadilan agama   Abstract:     The condition of the pluralistic Indonesian society and various mass organizations raises various views regarding the determination of the beginning of the lunar month. This view is caused by differences in understanding and interpretation of verses and hadiths relating to the beginning of the lunar month. In Indonesia, there was a case where, when the new moon was below the criteria, there was someone who testified to see the new moon and dared to take an oath. In essence, this is contrary to the view of astronomy and civil law in Indonesia. This research is included in the literature research with a qualitative approach. The results showed that astronomically and the procedural law of the religious courts, a person who testifies to seeing the new moon will be validated in astronomy through field data obtained as well as by the procedural law of the religious courts by fulfilling the requirements and criteria that apply in Indonesia, weather conditions that allow it to be seen. hilal, and in accordance with the Decree of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number KMA/095/X/2006. Keywords:  Testimony, rukyatul hilal, the seer, procedural law, religious courts.
Tinggi Matahari Awal Waktu Subuh Perspektif Maqasid Al-Shari'ah Qulub, Siti Tatmainul; Sanuri, Sanuri
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Januari
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v3i1.2352

Abstract

Artikel ini mengkaji pemikiran Tono Saksono tentang tinggi matahari awal waktu Subuh menggunakan perspektif maqasid al-shari'ah, terutama dari segi daruriyyah al-khams, yaitu hifz al-din (menjaga agama), hifz al-nafs (menjaga jiwa), dan hifz al-‘aql (menjaga akal). Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang memadukan metode deskriptif-analitis dan metode astronomi. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur terhadap literatur klasik dan kontemporer terkait penentuan waktu shalat Subuh dan maqāṣid al-sharī’ah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dari perspektif hifz al-din, Tono Saksono berupaya menjaga agama dengan memastikan pelaksanaan shalat Subuh di waktu yang tepat, sebagaimana diatur dalam al-Qur’an dan hadis. Namun, dari perspektif hifz al-nafs, waktu yang diusulkan oleh Tono Saksono menimbulkan kesulitan praktis bagi umat Islam di Indonesia, karena durasi waktu Subuh yang terlalu pendek. Adapun dari perspektif hifz al-‘aql, meskipun keberanian Tono Saksono untuk berbeda pendapat perlu diapresiasi, penting untuk menekankan bahwa setiap ijtihad dan pendapat harus didasarkan pada metodologi yang benar dan akurasi yang tepat. Penggunaan teknologi canggih dalam pengamatan astronomi harus didukung oleh metode yang benar dan analisis yang akurat agar hasilnya dapat diandalkan. Dengan demikian, usaha Tono Saksono dalam menjaga akal harus mencerminkan komitmen terhadap metodologi ilmiah yang tepat guna memastikan bahwa interpretasi hukum yang dihasilkan benar-benar akurat dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.
URGENSI PENYATUAN KALENDER HIJRIYAH GLOBAL MUSYAFA', MUHAMMAD ALWI; Qulub, Siti Tatmainul
ELFALAKY: Jurnal Ilmu Falak Vol 5 No 2 (2021): Desember
Publisher : UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ifk.v5i2.24872

Abstract

Calendar is one of the most important tools in human civilization. For Muslims, the calendar has not only a social function, but also has a spiritual function. However, the Islamic civilization that has existed for centuries, does not have a synchronous calendar system yet, in the sense of one global date. This causes Muslims around the world not to be able to conduct religious celebrations simultaneously to celebrate any important moments such as Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, and fasting Ramadan. It is not easy to realize the unification of the global hijriyah calendar, because aspects of Syariah and astronomy must be studied carefully. At least there are several things that make the unification of the Hjriyah calendar urgent to do. First, realizing the unity and integrity of Muslims. Second, realizing the time’s unity of worship of Muslims. Third, at the global level, this unification of worship times is also beneficial for Muslims who reside in non-Muslim majority areas.
Koherensi Dalil Naqli: Pendapat Imam Mazhab dan Astronomi dalam Pemaknaan Fajar Qomariyah, Nur; Maulidia, Rinata; Ihsani, Ma’dinal; Agustina, Indi Rizky Amalia; Qulub, Siti Tatmainul; Rohman, Holilur
Al-Qanun: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam Vol 26 No 2 (2023): Al-Qanun, Vol. 26, No. 2, Desember 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/alqanun.2023.26.2.243-253

Abstract

The issue of dawn is a classic discussion that is interesting to study. Rumors about the differences in interpretation of the Sharia evidence from the perspective of the imam of the school of thought and astronomy have become an actual discussion that is never-ending to be reviewed. It seems that dawn is one of the determinants of the entry of the five obligatory prayer times, so it is an urgent problem among Muslims to know the form of visualization and when dawn occurs. Therefore, it is necessary to have a match between the naqli evidence and the opinions of the imam of the school of thought and astronomy to interpret dawn as a sign of the entry of the morning prayer time. However, if there is a discrepancy between the three, it does not necessarily mean that the sharia evidence needs to be corrected. But rather an oversight in interpreting and studying nature regarding its relationship to the sharia evidence.  
Analisis Pertimbangan Kemaslahatan dalam Penentuan Arah Kiblat pada Musholla Al-Qadar Surabaya Putra, Shovan Arsya; Magfiroh, Syahriyatul; Hidayatullah, Syarif; Sanuri, Sanuri; Qulub, Siti Tatmainul
Al-Qanun: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam Vol 27 No 1 (2024): Al-Qanun, Vol. 27, No. 1, Juni 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/alqanun.2024.27.1.105-116

Abstract

This article aims to understand more clearly the historicity of the Al-Qadar Mosque in Surabaya. To explain this, this study uses a field method, going to the research site to interview the caretaker and several residents concerned. Data is also taken from online literacy to obtain relevant references about the direction of the qibla. This study found a problem with the direction of the qibla in the Al-Qadar Mosque and decided in terms of welfare. This mosque was initially not measured for the direction of the qibla. Then, by Eko Kunto, in 2019, the direction of the qibla was changed with the results of measurements using a compass on a smartphone and a comparison of the nearest mosque and mosque. Residents were uncomfortable with the slope of the direction of the qibla, and the place of the mosque became narrower. The caretaker decided that the direction of the qibla should be facing like the beginning of construction but tilted to the North. The decision of the mosque caretaker looked at it from a social and welfare perspective so that there would be no division and debate.
Aspek Maqāṣid al-Kulliyyah dan al-Juziyyah dalam Penetapan Awal Waktu Shalat Shubuh dan Isya’ Qulub, Siti Tatmainul; Sanuri, Sanuri
Al-Qanun: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam Vol 27 No 2 (2024): Al-Qanun, Vol. 27, No. 2, Desember 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/alqanun.2024.27.2.186-198

Abstract

Determining the beginning of prayer times, especially Fajr and Isha', has become a debate among astronomers and religious institutions related to the technical aspects of astronomy and Islamic law, especially in relation to maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. This article examines the differences between the results of Tono Saksono's research and the provisions of the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs regarding the height of the sun, which show a time difference of around 26 minutes. Using the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah approach, this article evaluates the implications of maslahat and mafsadah from these differences and assesses the aspects of maqāṣid al-kulliyyah and maqāṣid al-juziyyah in determining the beginning of prayer times. This study uses a qualitative method, which collects data through literature studies and analyzes them in depth using a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of the study indicate that in determining the beginning of Fajr and Isha's prayers, the approach of the majority of astronomers prioritizes maqāṣid al-kulliyyah (universal benefits) for Muslims. Tono Saksono's opinion, although scientifically based, tends to lead to maqāṣid al-juziyyah, which has the potential to cause confusion and disrupt the unity of the community. Therefore, the integration of science and sharia that pays attention to collective interests is key in determining the right prayer times and is accepted by the community.