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ACTION BETWEEN TEACHER AND STUDENTS IN LEARNING ENGLISH AT GRADE XI OF MAN SERDANG BEDAGAI Nurhasanah, Indah; Pane, Isli Iriani Indiah; Nasution, Rafika Dewi
TRANSFORM: Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning Vol. 8 No. 2 (2019): June, 2019
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/tj.v8i2.19652

Abstract

The aim of this study were to figure out the dominant category used by teacher and students and the types of verbal interaction used by teacher and students in learning English at grade XI of MAN Serdang Bedagai. The methodology of this study is descriptive qualitative research. The researcher took two classes (XI-IPA2 and XI-IPS2). The researcher used observational tally sheet, matrix, and audio recording as the instruments for collecting the data. The data were analyzed by using Flanders™ Interaction Analysis Category System (FIACS). The data analysis showed that the teacher more dominant in the classroom interaction than the students. The percentage of teacher talk in class XI-IPA2 was 74.03%, in class XI-IPS2 was 65.60%. The dominant category used by teacher in class XI-IPA2 was lecturing by 31.78%, in class XI-IPS2 was also lecturing by 24.73%. The percentage of student talk in class XI-IPA2 was 20.16%, in class XI-IPS2 was 26.88%. And the dominant category of student talk was student talk-response with 15.11% in class XI-IPA2 and 23.65% in class XI-IPS2. All the types of verbal interaction based on Flanders™ Interaction Analysis Category System (FIACS) occurred in the classroom during teaching and learning process at grade XI of MAN Serdang Bedagai.Keywords: Verbal interaction, teacher talk, student talk, Flanders™ Interaction Analysis Category System (FIACS)
A Multimodal and Critical Discourse Analysis of Gender Representation in an Indonesian Grade 4 Science Textbook Kifli, Barli; Pane, Isli Iriani Indiah; Rangkuti, Muhammad Aswin
PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education Vol 15, No 1 (2025): Volume 15 Number 1 April 2025
Publisher : Master Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/parole.v15i1.27-37

Abstract

Textbooks play a central role in shaping learners’ perceptions of social roles, including those related to gender in science education. This study investigates how gender is visually and discursively represented in the Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial (IPAS) Grade 4 textbook issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Education. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the research integrates Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine 44 illustrations from the natural science chapters. The analysis focuses on how agency, authority, and scientific roles are distributed across male and female characters in both visual (e.g., posture, salience) and verbal (e.g., speech functions, cognitive authority) modes. The findings indicate that male characters are more frequently depicted and are often positioned in dominant scientific roles, while female characters appear less frequently and are generally portrayed as passive, supportive, or non-expert. Although a few scenes offer inclusive representations, these are limited and do not significantly alter the prevailing gender asymmetry. The study concludes that despite policy emphasis on equity, the textbook continues to reflect traditional gender norms, particularly in STEM-related contexts. It highlights the need for intentional alignment between visual and verbal elements to support inclusive and equitable science education.