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All Journal Farmaka Dharmakarya : Jurnal Aplikasi Ipteks Untuk Masyarakat Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology IDJP (Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics) Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) Indonesian Journal of Chemistry JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Majalah Farmasetika Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Jurnal Locus Penelitian dan Pengabdian Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal
Iyan Sopyan
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Padjadjaran
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Other

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Technique Development in Improving the Solubility of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs (BCS II and IV): a Review Study: Pengembangan Teknik dalam Meningkatkan Kelarutan Obat yang Larut Buruk dalam Air (BCS Kelas II dan IV): Studi Review Reza Pahlevi, Muhamad; Sopyan, Iyan; Gozali, Dolih
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023): (October 2023)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2023.v9.i2.15969

Abstract

Orally active drugs are currently available on the market. API should have adequate solubility and permeability to enhance its therapeutic efficacy when administered orally and obtain optimum bioavailability. Almost 40% of New Chemical Entities had limited solubility or fell into BCS class II and IV. Our review aims to summarize and discuss the development of methods and characterization for increasing the solubility of poorly aqueous drugs from papers published in Google Scholar, NCBI, Science direct, Researchgate, and MDPI. We checked that the methods used such as solid dispersion, cocrystal formation, and coamorphous can increase the solubility of API which has an impact on increasing bioavailability. The successful formation of solid dispersions, cocrystals and coamorphs can be confirmed by the characterization of PXRD, DSC and SEM. In conclusion, drug solubility is an important aspect of pharmacological effects. Drugs with high solubility can provide fast solubility rates and high bioavailability, reducing the dose administered. Solid dispersion, cocrystals, and coamorphous techniques, have succeeded in increasing the solubility of BCS class II and IV drugs.
Comparative Dissolution Formulation and Test Simvastatin Ko-Crystal Tablets With Isonicotinamide As Coformer Sopyan, Iyan; Novianti, Ina; Abdassah Bratadiredja, Marline; Salsabila Hapsari, Raira; Setiawati, Ervina
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 6, Issue 2, May - August 2024
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v5i3.55250

Abstract

Simvastatin is a statin drug used to lower plasma cholesterol in all types of hyperlipidemia. Simvastatin is included in BCS class II with poor solubility.  One of the efforts made to increase the solubility of simvastatin is the formation of co-crystals. Co-crystal is a modified type of crystal habit, which consists of two or more molecules in the same crystal lattice. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best excipient combination formula on the simvastatin co-crystalline tablet with isonicotinamide as a coformer and its comparable dissolution test results. The excipient combination optimization was carried out using a two-level factorial method. The optimized Avicel pH 102 and Primogel produced four combination designs on ready-made formulas, namely F1 Avicel pH 102: Primogel (79:2), F2 Avicel pH 102: Primogel (79:8), F3 Avicel pH 102: Primogel (85: 2) and F4 Avicel pH 102: Primogel (85: 8). The evaluation includes evaluating the mass of the print and the quality of the tablets. The excipient combination design solution in the best formula is Avicel pH 102 and Primogel with a ratio (79: 8). The method used in a comparable dissolution test is to compare the values of F1 (difference factor) and F2 (similarity factor) using BootStrap software. The F2 values observed were 50.3 at pH 1.2, 56.09 at pH 4.5, and 59.23 at pH 6.8, which indicates that the simvastatin co-crystalline tablet has similarities with the innovator tablet. The excipient combination design solution in the best formula is Avicel pH 102 and Primogel with a ratio (79: 8). The method used in a comparable dissolution test is to compare the values of F1 (difference factor) and F2 (equation factor) using BootStrap software. The F2 values observed were 50.3 at pH 1.2, 56.09 at pH 4.5, and 59.23 at pH 6.8, which indicates that the simvastatin co-crystalline tablet has similarities with the innovator tablet.Keywords: Simvastatin, co-crystal, two-stage factorial, comparable dissolution                     test.
Analisa Kinerja Mesin: Analisis Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Mesin Tableting Rotary Double-Station pada Industri Farmasi XYZ periode Februari – Juli 2024 Ghassani Purnama, Muhammad Fadhil; Sopyan, Iyan; Yudhistira, Aulia
Majalah Farmasetika Vol 9, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/mfarmasetika.v9i6.59397

Abstract

Efektivitas kerja produksi dalam Industri Farmasi adalah upaya peningkatan kualitasproduk melalui efektivitas waktu produksi serta hasil produksi yang dapat dilakukandengan meminimalisir pemborosan seperti Breakdown Time mesin yang lama sertajumlah barang Reject yang banyak di area produksi. Latar belakang penelitiandidasarkan pada kebutuhan akan metode efisiensi dan efektivitas kerja produksimerujuk pada kriteria World Class dalam Industri Farmasi XYZ khususnya terhadapmesin cetak Tableting Rotary Double-Station. Overall Equipment Effectivenes (OEE)dalam Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) adalah salah satu metode yang berfungsisebagai upaya penginkatan efisiensi dan efektivitas kerja produksi dengan mengukurDowntime Losses, Speed Losses dan Quality Losses. OEE digunakan untukmenganalisis efektivitas kerja mesin tableting berdasarkan standar kualitas produksiyang mencakup waktu operasional mesin, kecepatan proses produksi, serta kualitashasil akhir produk dilihat dari Reject yang didapatkan. Ibuprofen, Ambroxol, danAllopurinol merupakan tiga produk dengan sifat fisikokimia berbeda sepertikompressibilitas, kelarutan dan titik lebur yang dapat mempengaruhi standar kualitasproduksi digunakan sebagai pembanding untuk menganalisis hasil OEE. Didapat nilairataan untuk Availability Tableting A sebesar 88.71%, Performance Efficiency sebesar56.64%, Quality Rate sebesar 99.32% dan OEE sebesar 48.86%. Nilai rataan yangdimiliki mesin Tableting B adalah Availability sebesar 82.75%, Performance Efficiencysebesar 58.00%, Quality Rate sebesar 99.65% dan OEE sebesar 43.57%. Hasilperbandingan tiga produk pembanding menunjukkan Ibuprofen memiliki nilai terkecildisebabkan sifat fisikokimia Ibuprofen yang memerlukan perhatian khusus. Dapatdisimpulkan bahwa penggunaan mesin Tableting pada industri XYZ masihmembutuhkan optimalisasi lebih lanjut dikarenakan hasil yang didapat masih kurangdari standar OEE berupa nilai Availability dan Performance Efficiency yang mengacupada World Class.
Review: Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Sebagai Sistem Penghantaran Obat Rute Oral Abdullah, Astriani; Sopyan, Iyan
Majalah Farmasetika Vol 9, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/mfarmasetika.v9i6.58645

Abstract

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) adalah sistem penghantaran obat yang telah banyak digunakan dalam pengembangan formulasi obat oral. NLCs memanfaatkan matriks lipid padat dan cair yang meningkatkan kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas obat, serta memungkinkan pelepasan obat secara terkendali. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau efektivitas NLCs dalam meningkatkan penyerapan obat BCS kelas II, III, dan IV melalui rute oral. Metode yang digunakan adalah peninjauan literatur dengan menganalisis berbagai studi yang mengevaluasi penggunaan NLCs dalam formulasi obat rute oral. Hasil studi literatur menunjukkan  bahwa NLCs memiliki stabilitas yang tinggi di lingkungan asam lambung sehingga meningkatkan ketahanan obat terhadap degradasi dan mengoptimalkan penghantaran obat ke usus. Selain itu, NLCs mampu menargetkan lokasi tertentu dalam saluran pencernaan, meningkatkan efisiensi terapi, serta mengurangi risiko efek samping sistemik. Oleh karena itu, NLCs memiliki potensi besar untuk meningkatkan efektivitas terapeutik dan optimasi dosis obat dalam formulasi obat oral pada kelas II, III, dan IV.
Pemilihan Jenis Koformer dan Metode Preparasi dalam Sistem Penghantaran Sediaan Ko-Amorf Dewi, Febrina Aulia; Sopyan, Iyan; Rusdiana, Taofik
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 8 No 3 (2021): J Sains Farm Klin 8(3), Desember 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.8.3.242-257.2021

Abstract

Ko-amorf adalah suatu sistem multikomponen padat yang mengandung zat aktif dan molekul dengan berat molekul rendah lainnya (koformer) yang dapat berupa eksipien atau zat aktif yang relevan secara farmakologis. Formulasi ko-amorf yang dibuat dengan metode preparasi dan jenis koformer yang berbeda dapat menghasilkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam stabilitas fisik dan profil disolusi suatu bentuk ko-amorf. Tujuan penulisan dari artikel review ini adalah untuk menggali informasi lebih dalam tentang sistem ko-amorf, klasifikasi ko-amorf, karakterisasi ko-amorf serta pengaruh jenis koformer dan metode preparasi ko-amorf terhadap pembentukan ko-amorf. Artikel review ini disusun dengan literature search melalui PubMed, MDPI dan Science Direct dengan memasukkan kata kunci co-amorphous, co-amorphous formulations, co-amorphous stabilizers, co-amorphous drug formulations. Dari review ini ditemukan terdapat beberapa jenis koformer yang dapat digunakan untuk pembentukan ko-amorf yaitu dapat berupa zat aktif yang relevan secara farmakologis dan eksipien seperti diantaranya yaitu asam amino, asam karboksilat, asam tanat, quercetin, sakarin dan nikotinamid. Dan untuk metode preparasi ko-amorf yang dapat digunakan diantaranya yaitu ball milling, cryomilling, melt quenching/ quench cooling, hot melt extrusion, solvent evaporation, spray drying, freeze drying hingga teknologi seperti supercritical antisolvent dan microwave technique. Keberhasilan pembentukan ko-amorf ditentukan diantaranya oleh pemilihan jenis koformer yang melibatkan berbagai sifat yang perlu dipertimbangkan, seperti Tg, potensial ikatan hidrogen, ketercampuran/ miscibility, atau perilaku kristalisasi. Sifat zat aktif dan eksipien seperti stabilitas termal, suhu leleh dan kecenderungan kristalisasi zat aktif dan eksipien, menjadi faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pemilihan metode preparasi ko-amorf.
Increasing Solubility of Simvastatin Via Salting Form Using Isonicotinamide As Co-Formers Sopyan, Iyan; Puspa, Inge; Salsabila Hapsari, Raira
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 6, Issue 2, May - August 2024
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v6i2.60538

Abstract

Simvastatin is a drugs used to lower plasma cholesterol. Simvastatin is a class II BCS drug that has low solubility and high permeability. One of the efforts made to increase the solubility of simvastatin is the formation of multicomponent crystals (co-crystals and salts). The purpose of this study was to determine the solubility and dissolution profile of multicomponent crystal simvastatin with the best co-former candidate from the in silico test. Simvastatin-co-former multicomponent crystal were prepared using solvent drop grinding method with a mol ratio of 1:1 ; 1:2 and 2:1. Based on the result of value of binding affinity and ability to form hydrogen bonds, isonicotinamide was chosen as the co-former in this research. Evaluation of multicomponent crystals was carried out by solubility and dissolution tests. The evaluation results showed an increase in the solubility and dissolution of the simvastatin-isocotinamide multicomponent crystal with the highest increase occurring in the simvastatin-isocotinamide multicomponent crystal with a mol ratio of 1:2. Multicomponent crystal characterization was carried out to determine physicochemical characteristics. The results of characterization using infrared spectrophotometry showed a spectrum shift. The results of the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis show a decrease in the melting point. The results of Powder X-ray diffraction analysis showed that there were differences in the shape of the crystals indicated by the formation of new peaks on the diffractogram. So, it can be concluded that simvastatin-isocotinamide multicomponent crystals are able to increase solubility and dissolution compared to pure simvastatin.
 A Concise ReviewThe Ph Triggered Concept In Situ Ophthalmic Gel Of Sodium Cromoglycate, Diclofenac Sodium and Aceclofenac Kurniawansyah, Insan Sunan; Farisa Desy Arya, Insi; Sopyan, Iyan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 6, Issue 3, Sept - Dec 2024
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v6i3.52748

Abstract

The ophthalmic solutions have a major problem that is the poor bioavailability, such as the attainment of optimal drug concentration at the site of action, which is compromised mainly due to precorneal loss resulting in only small fraction of the drug being ocularly absorbed. This is overcome by developing an in situ ophthalmic gel which increases the retention time of the drug. The present review describes the formulation and evaluation of in situ gel-forming ophthalmic drug delivery system of an anti allergy drug sodium cromoglycate, an anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium and aceclofenac based on the pH triggered concept in situ gelation. All the formulations varies in concentration and the content used. Based on the results obtained, Sodium cromoglycate which has been formulated with gelrite and HPMC E15LV has the highest ocular residence time compared to the other two formulations.Keywords: Ophthalmic in situ gel,sodium cromoglycate, diclofenac sodium,                      aceclofenac, gelrite, HPMC E15LV
REVIEW ARTICLE: UJI EFEKTIVITAS IN VIVO DAN IN VITRO ANTI-AGING PADA SEDIAAN KOSMETIK SHIBA, KAMILA; NURSIFA, HARITSA; KUSUMAWULAN, CAHYA KHAIRANI; SOPYAN, IYAN
Farmaka Vol 20, No 3 (2022): Farmaka (November)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/farmaka.v20i3.38775

Abstract

Penuaan terjadi secara alamiah pada manusia yang ditandai dengan munculnya keriput dan hiperpigmentasi.  Penuaan menjadi hal yang mendapat perhatian lebih oleh kaum wanita pada umumnya karena mempengaruhi penampilan. Banyak tanaman herbal maupun senyawa sintetis yang ditujukan sebagai agen anti penuaan. Bahan aktif tersebut diformulasikan menjadi bentuk sediaan kosmetik untuk memudahkan penggunaan pada konsumen dan mencapai efek yang maksimum. Dalam pembuktiannya, dibutuhkan pengujian yang komprehensif. Pengujiaan ini dapat berupa metode pengujian in vivo dan in vitro. Adapun penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode article review dan didapatkan jurnal dari literature online jurnal lokal dan jurnal internasional yaitu pencarian secara elektronik dengan kata kunci efektivitas anti-aging, in vitro, in vivo, anti-aging dan sediaan kosmetik pada situs web yaitu Google Scholar. Hasil studi article review didapatkan bahwa beberapa metode yang digunakan adalah metode DPPH, kultur fibroblast dermal manusia, uji pada tikus, dan uji klinis pada manusia.Kata Kunci: Efektivitas anti-aging, in vitro, in vivo, anti-aging dan sediaan kosmetik 
Article Review: Glimepiride Solubility Enhancement Strategy as Diabetes Treatment Therapy Fiftianingrum, Valentina; Iyan Sopyan; Dolih Gozali
Jurnal Locus Penelitian dan Pengabdian Vol. 4 No. 5 (2025): JURNAL LOCUS: Penelitian & Pengabdian
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/locus.v4i5.4010

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion. The prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia always increases every year. Glimepiride is a type 2 antidiabetic drug of the sulfonylurea class that works by stimulating insulin secretion of pancreatic beta cells. Glimepiride is given through the oral route of administration and is widely used because it has a longer half-life and can be used as treatment monotherapy. Glimepiride itself has physicochemical properties that can penetrate the stratum corneum with a dose of less than 10 mg, a molecular weight of 490.62 g/mol, a melting point of 207°C, and a lipophilicity value (LogP) of 3.5. However, oral glimepiride in therapy has bioavailability problems due to its poor solubility in the gastrointestinal tract. It has very low solubility values at acidic and neutral pH of approximately less than 0.004 mg/mL (BCS 2). Due to the low aqueous solubility of glimepiride is a major challenge in drug formulation development. This low solubility has an impact on its bioavailability, which is not optimal, thus reducing its therapeutics. Various efforts were made in order to increase the solubility of glimepiride, including the use of formulation techniques such as the preparation of solid dispersion systems, the formation of inclusion complexes, as well as the utilization of nanoparticle technologies such as nanosuspensions, nanoemulgels, and nanoemulsions. In addition, chemical modification approaches and various others are used to improve the solubility of glimepiride. Recent studies have shown that the combination of the latest formulation technologies with suitable carrier materials can significantly improve its solubility and stability, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of glimepiride in the management of type 2 diabetes. Thus, innovations in glimepiride formulation are expected to provide better therapeutic solutions for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Review: Preparation of Flavonoid Nanoparticles using the Nanoprecipitation Method Pratama, Rizky Farhan; Sopyan, Iyan; Rusdiana, Taofik
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 4, Issue 3, Sep - November, 2022
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v4i3.40849

Abstract

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that have 15 carbon chains, 2 benzene rings and a heterocyclic pyran ring. From the literature study, it is known that flavonoids have various pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiangiogenic, antimalarial, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antitumor, and antiproliferative agents. However, flavonoids have limited oral bioavailability which may be due to their poor solubility, low permeability, and low stability, which impair their effectiveness as therapeutic agents. One of the efforts to increase solubility is nanoparticle technology where the active compound particles are reduced to the nanometer scale, usually up to 100 nm. Nanoprecipitation is a method of preparing nanoparticles by dissolving the active drug substance and polymer into an organic solvent and then adding an anti-solvent such as water. The advantages of this method are the production is relatively fast, inexpensive, does not require a lot of energy, and does not require emulsion precursors. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the technique of making flavonoid nanoparticles using the nanoprecipitation method, the results of their characterization and evaluation. Based on a literature review that has been carried out on 30 journals, there are 20 flavonoid secondary metabolites that have been prepared into nanoparticles using the nanoprecipitation method. Some of the polymers used were effective in achieving satisfactory particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), Zeta potential and Encapsulation Efficiency (EE%). Thus, the nanoprecipitation method can be used to make flavonoid nanoparticles with optimal formulations to improve the physicochemical properties of flavonoids for drug development in the future.
Co-Authors Abdassah Bratadiredja, Marline Abdullah, Astriani Ade Zuhrotun Adrian Suparman AGATHA, ALDA ANJELLA LADY CARINA PASKA AI Masitoh Aidi, Paramitha Ayu Amalia, Eri Amelia Nur Halimah Anas Subarnas Anis Yohana Chaerunisa Aslamnur Fikri Ramadhana Ayudyah Islami CYNTIA GRACESELLA HUTAMI P Detria Wulandari Dewi Permatasari Dewi, Febrina Aulia Dolih dolih Gozali Dolih Gozali Dolih Gozali Dolih Gozali Dolih Gozali Dolih Gozali Dolih Gozali DOLIH GOZALI Eka Paramudya Eri Amalia Fanny Seftiani Dwi Saputri Farisa Desy Arya, Insi Febrina Aulia Dewi Fiftianingrum, Valentina Ghassani Purnama, Muhammad Fadhil Hairunnisa Hairunnisa Hairunnisa Hairunnisa Hairunnisa Hairunnisa HOTMA GURNING WINOKAN Ina Novianti Insan Sunan Kurniawansyah, Insan Sunan Ira Maya Iyan Rifky Hidayat KUSUMAWULAN, CAHYA KHAIRANI Lutfiah Yusuf Maisyarah, Intan Timur Marline Abdassah Marline Abdassah Marline Abdassah, Marline MEGANTARA, SANDRA MEIVANA ESTHER ROSINTA TAMBUNAN Mika Febryati Kadir Moeljadi G Tedjasaputra Muchtaridi Muchtaridi Muhammad Faizal Fathurrohim Mulyanti Mulyanti Nadia Ariati Mutiana Nadya Nurul Zaman Norisca Aliza Putriana Norisca Aliza Putriana Norisca Aliza Putriana, Norisca Aliza Novaliana Devianti Sagita Nurdiani Adiningsih Nurhabibah Nurhabibah Nurike Susendi NURSIFA, HARITSA Pratama, Rizky Farhan Puspa, Inge Putri Raraswati Putri, Michelle Eka Rania Talinta L Reza Pahlevi, Muhamad Rian Triyana Rifkarosita Putri Ginaris Rizka Guntina Khairunisa Rosa Apriana Apriana Rugun Clara Samosir Salsabila Hapsari, Raira Saputra, Iwan Saskia Rizky Utami SAUSAN RIHHADATULAISY Savira Silma Aulia Setiawati, Ervina SHIBA, KAMILA Siska Sari Marvita Sriwidodo Sriwidodo Sriwidodo Sriwidodo, Sriwidodo Taofik Rusdiana Tedjasaputra, Moeljadi G Utami, Saskia Rizky Wulaningsih, Titiek Indah Yudhistira, Aulia YULINA BR SARAGIH Yuni Elsa Hadisaputri