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SYNTHESIS OF SINGLE-PHASE HYDROXYAPATITE POWDER FROM EGGSHELL WASTE VIA CO-PRECIPITATION METHOD AND ITS STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION Musyarofah, Musyarofah; Mahera, Adinda Kholif; Tajalla, Gusti Umindya Nur; Nafisah, Azmia Rizka; Prayitno, Budi; Norhidayah, Siti; Kartika, Siska Ayu
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i3.451

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize a single-phase hydroxyapatite powder using waste chicken eggshells as a calcium source via the co-precipitation method. The process focuses on optimizing calcination time and temperature to achieve high-purity hydroxyapatite.  The co-precipitation procedure involved controlled pH adjustment and aging time, contributing to the formation of homogeneous particles. Chicken eggshells, predominantly composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), were calcined at 1000°C for 15 hours to produce calcium oxide (CaO). The resulting CaO was then reacted with phosphate ions in an aqueous solution, followed by a calcination at 900°C for varying holding times of 5 and 10 hours. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis were conducted to evaluate phase composition, crystal size, and texture properties. The optimum condition was found at 900 °C for 10 h calcination, resulting in single-phase hydroxyapatite, a crystallite size of 220 nm, an average pore radius of 6.78 nm, a total pore volume of 0.02 cc/g, a surface area of 6.38 m2/g, and an average particle radius of 213.89 nm. These findings highlight the potential of this method for producing bioceramics with desirable properties for use in bone grafts and other biomedical materials.
Pembangunan smart hydroponic greenhouse sebagai media pembelajaran berkebun bagi siswa SDIT Al Munawwaroh Balikpapan Musyarofah, Musyarofah; Prayitno, Budi; Utomo, Zinedine Zidane; Simanjuntak, Cristovel; Ardhansyah, Mukti; Andrie, Attila Alief Anugrah; Sihaloho, Elisabeth Romanauli; Agung R., Risa Rahelia; Saputra, Dwi Mulia Nur; Sastrawan, Febrian Dedi; Sa'adiyah, Devy Setiorini
SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Vol 9, No 4 (2025): Juli
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/jpmb.v9i4.32194

Abstract

Abstrak Pembelajaran kontekstual yang mengintegrasikan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, dan karakter masih jarang diterapkan secara optimal di tingkat sekolah dasar. SDIT Al-Munawwaroh Balikpapan sebagai mitra kegiatan memiliki semangat kuat dalam mendukung inovasi pembelajaran lingkungan, namun belum memiliki sarana praktik pertanian yang memadai. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk membangun Smart Hydroponic Greenhouse sebagai media pembelajaran aktif berbasis teknologi hidroponik yang ramah lingkungan dan mudah dioperasikan oleh siswa. Mitra kegiatan adalah SDIT Al-Munawwaroh yang memiliki 93 siswa dan 9 guru, dengan lokasi di Kelurahan Karang Joang, Kecamatan Balikpapan Utara, Kalimantan Timur. Metode pelaksanaan terdiri dari tiga tahap: survei dan perencanaan, pembangunan greenhouse dan instalasi sistem hidroponik metode NFT, serta pelatihan dan pendampingan siswa dalam praktik bercocok tanam, pemantauan pertumbuhan tanaman, dan panen. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan tumbuh tanaman di atas 90%, keterlibatan aktif seluruh siswa dalam praktik berkebun, serta integrasi kegiatan dengan pembelajaran di kelas. Guru menyatakan peningkatan minat dan pemahaman siswa terhadap sains dan lingkungan. Greenhouse ini juga menjadi sarana pembentukan karakter, khususnya tanggung jawab, kerja sama, dan kepedulian lingkungan. Kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa teknologi pertanian sederhana dapat diadopsi sebagai media pembelajaran yang efektif dan berkelanjutan di sekolah dasar, serta dapat direplikasi pada lembaga pendidikan serupa. Kata kunci: berkebun; greenhouse pintar; hidroponik; metode NFT; pendidikan dasar. Abstract Contextual learning that integrates science, technology, and character education is still rarely implemented effectively at the elementary school level. SDIT Al-Munawwaroh Balikpapan, as the partner institution, has shown strong enthusiasm for promoting environmental-based learning, yet lacks adequate facilities for practical agricultural education. This community service program aimed to establish a Smart Hydroponic Greenhouse as an active learning medium based on environmentally friendly hydroponic technology that is easy to operate by students. The partner, SDIT Al-Munawwaroh, consists of 93 students and 9 teachers and is located in Karang Joang Subdistrict, North Balikpapan District, East Kalimantan. The program was implemented in three stages: initial survey and planning, construction of the greenhouse and installation of the NFT-based hydroponic system, followed by training and mentoring of students and teachers in plant cultivation, growth monitoring, and harvesting. The results showed a plant growth success rate above 90%, active student involvement in gardening practices, and successful integration with classroom learning. Teachers observed increased student interest and understanding in science and environmental topics. The greenhouse also served as a character development platform, particularly in nurturing responsibility, cooperation, and environmental awareness. This program demonstrates that simple agricultural technology can be effectively adopted as a sustainable and replicable learning tool for primary education institutions. Keywords: gardening; smart greenhouse; hydroponics; NFT Method; primary education
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Berbasis Budaya Dan Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Pandalungan Di Kabupaten Jember Untuk Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama / Madrasah Tsanawiyah: The Development of Social Science Teaching Materials Based on the Culture and Local Wisdom of the Pandalungan Community in Jember Regency for Junior High School / Madrasah Tsanawiyah Students Musyarofah, Musyarofah; Fajarini, Anindya
Fenomena Vol 17 No 1 (2018): FENOMENA: Journal of the Social Sciences
Publisher : LP2M UIN KH.Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v17i1.277

Abstract

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Adsorption Kinetics and Process Parameter Effects on Oil Uptake by Tamarind Fruit-Shell Activated Carbon Ernawati, Lusi; Anifah, Eka Masrifatus; Musyarofah, Musyarofah; Reza, Mutia; Waluyo, Joko; Sapawe, Norzahir
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v9i2.7596

Abstract

Oil contamination presents a major challenge to wastewater treatment systems due to its detrimental effects. This research explores the effectiveness of activated carbon derived from tamarind fruit shells as an adsorbent for removing oil from wastewater. The activated carbon was prepared using three different chemical agents: phosphoric acid, zinc chloride, and sodium hydroxide. Characterization of the resulting carbon materials was performed using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of initial oil concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, and pH. The BET specific surface area, pore size and total pore volume for the optimum adsorption capacity of activated carbon using H3PO4 are obtained at 617.59 m2.g-1, 37.14 cm3.g-1 and 0.812 g.g-1, respectively. Optimal adsorption occurred at an oil concentration of 5000 mg.L-1, a dosage of 1 g.L-1, a contact time of 60 minutes, a temperature of 60°C, and neutral pH (7). Across all activating agents, the Langmuir isotherm best described the adsorption equilibrium, while adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. Among the samples, activated carbon treated with H3PO4 demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity (1070 mg.g-1), followed by ZnCl2 (879 mg.g-1), and NaOH (643 mg.g-1). These results indicate that tamarind shell-derived activated carbon is a cost-effective and efficient solution for oil removal in wastewater treatment applications.
Pendampingan ekstrakurikuler berbasis STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) untuk siswa SDIT Al Munawwaroh Balikpapan Musyarofah, Musyarofah; Utomo, Zinedine Zidane; Simanjuntak, Cristovel; Ardhansyah, Mukti; Andrie, Attila Alief Anugrah; Sihaloho, Elisabeth Romanauli; Agung R, Risa Rahelia; Sastrawan, Febrian Dedi; Sa’adiyah, Devy Setiorini; Prayitno, Budi
SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Vol 9, No 5 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/jpmb.v9i5.33373

Abstract

Abstrak Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dan minat belajar siswa melalui pendampingan ekstrakurikuler berbasis STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) di SDIT Al-Munawwaroh Balikpapan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra adalah kegiatan ekstrakurikuler yang tersedia masih didominasi aktivitas fisik seperti olahraga dan pramuka, sementara kegiatan berbasis sains dan teknologi belum dikembangkan secara sistematis. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memberikan alternatif pembelajaran yang menyenangkan sekaligus aplikatif bagi siswa sekolah dasar melalui eksperimen sederhana berbasis STEM. Metode yang digunakan meliputi sosialisasi program kepada sekolah, penyusunan modul eksperimen, pendampingan dan praktikum langsung oleh tim kepada 93 siswa kelas 1–6, serta refleksi hasil bersama guru. Topik eksperimen meliputi gaya apung, bangun ruang, filtrasi air, mobil balon, lava lamp, roket air, dan hidroponik. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui observasi partisipasi siswa, kemampuan menjelaskan kembali konsep, serta wawancara dengan guru. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan partisipasi aktif siswa hingga 85%, kemampuan menjelaskan konsep sains sebesar 72%, serta penguatan softskill seperti kerjasama dan komunikasi ilmiah. Program ini efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains siswa, sekaligus memberikan nilai tambah bagi sekolah dalam diversifikasi kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Kegiatan ini dapat dijadikan model alternatif pembelajaran kontekstual berbasis praktik untuk sekolah dasar lainnya. Kata kunci: STEM; eksperimen sederhana; ekstrakurikuler; sekolah dasar; literasi sains. Abstract This community service activity aims to improve scientific literacy and student learning interest through STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)-based extracurricular mentoring at SDIT Al-Munawwaroh Balikpapan. The problem faced by the partners is that available extracurricular activities are still dominated by physical activities such as sports and scouts, while science and technology-based activities have not been systematically developed. The purpose of this activity is to provide an alternative learning that is fun and applicable for elementary school students through simple STEM-based experiments. The methods used include program socialization to schools, preparation of experimental modules, mentoring and direct practicums by the team for 93 students in grades 1–6, and reflection on the results with teachers. Experiment topics include buoyancy, geometric shapes, water filtration, balloon cars, lava lamps, water rockets, and hydroponics. Evaluation was carried out through observation of student participation, the ability to re-explain concepts, and interviews with teachers. The results showed an increase in active student participation of up to 85%, the ability to explain scientific concepts by 72%, and strengthening soft skills such as collaboration and scientific communication. This program is effective in improving students' science process skills, while also providing added value to the school by diversifying extracurricular activities. This activity can be used as an alternative model for practice-based contextual learning for other elementary schools. Keywords: STEM; simple experiments; extracurricular; elementary school; science literacy.
STUDI PENGARUH TEMPERATUR KALSINASI TERHADAP KOMPOSISI FASA SERBUK ZnO YANG DISINTESIS MELALUI METODE SOL-GEL Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Musyarofah, Musyarofah; Rahastama, Swastya; Shoodiqin, Dian Mart; Prayitno, Budi; Puspitasari, Nurrisma
Jurnal Ilmu Fisika Vol 16 No 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Fisika FMIPA Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jif.16.1.71-78.2024

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of calcination temperature on the phase composition and crystal size of zinc oxide powders synthesised by the sol-gel method. Zn powder, HCl and NaOH were used as precursors in a multi-step process involving dissolution, titration, gel formation, leaching, drying and calcination at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 700°C for 2 hours. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data using MAUD and Rietica software determined phase composition and crystal size. Initial analysis identified a single simonkolleite phase (Zn5(OH)8Cl2) prior to calcination, which disappeared at 500°C. Wurtzite (ZnO) appeared at 300°C, accompanied by secondary phases (NaCl and ZnCl2). The wurtzite content increased to 81.42 wt% at 700°C. Calcination temperature also influenced crystal size, which ranged from 27.34 nm to 110.61 nm for wurtzite at different temperatures. The results highlight the dynamic changes in phase composition and crystal size with different calcination temperatures, providing valuable insights into tailoring zinc oxide properties for various applications.
SYNTHESIS OF NANO-SILICA FROM LOA KULU RICE HUSK USING THE SOL-GEL METHOD Shoodiqin, Dian Mart; Musyarofah, Musyarofah; Robiandi, Fadli; Chairunnisa, Regita Cahya
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v7i1.280

Abstract

Silica is a material that is widely found in nature and is able to withstand corrosion attacks from corrosive environments. However, this natural material must be extracted to obtain high purity silica. Simple sol-gel method is used to solve the extraction problem (nano-silica with high purity). The natural materials used in this research come from organic materials, namely rice husks from the local area (Loa Kulu area). The main objective of this experiment is studying the effect concentration of HCl for crystalline size.  The synthesis of silica was carried out with the preparation of ashes, then mixed with NaOH 7M until a solution of sodium silicate was produced. Silicate sodium solution was pressed with HCl 2M to form a silica gel with pH 7, 5, and 3 then was dried to produce silica powder. Silica powder was then burned at a temperature of 1000°C to produce silica with a crystalline phase. Based on the experiment, silica powder before calcination has amorphous phase and at any pH variation, the crystallite size calculated with the Debye Scherrer approach does not show any change the crystallite size by the variation of the silica gel’s pH. In addition, silica powder calcinated at 1000°C has amorphous and cristobalite phases and showed changes in crystal size after calculated with Debye Scherrer’s approach.
SYNTHESIS OF BIOMATERIAL-GRADE WHITLOCKITE FROM CRAB SHELL WASTE: AN ECO-FRIENDLY APPROACH Khumaera, Rahmatia; Sirait, Maria Diva Yuniar; Rahim, Muhammad; Putri, Rezky Meyvia; Sumual, Theofilus Ariel; Musyarofah, Musyarofah
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i1.403

Abstract

Crab shells, rich in calcium carbonate (CaCO3), provide a sustainable source of calcium oxide (CaO) for synthesizing Whitlockite (WH, Ca9(MgFe)(PO4)6PO3H), a potential biomaterial for bone replacement. This study addresses prior research gaps by exploring synthesis temperature variations from 700℃ to 1000℃  and employing acid precipitation to yield high-purity WH. Characterization was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis. Results indicate that the crab shell powder contains 99.0944%wt. The XRD results show that optimal crystallinity and purity of WH were achieved at a calcination temperature of 900℃.  The FTIR test results show that the functional groups of WH at calcination temperatures of 700℃, 800℃, 900℃, and 1000℃ for 5 hours are detected in specific wave ranges, namely PO₄³- (673-671 cm-¹), and OH- (3340-3198 cm-¹), which contribute to the bone formation process. SEM tests revealed that changes in calcination temperature affected the morphology of WH, with the optimal temperature producing a smaller size, minimal agglomeration, and a more uniform size distribution. BET analysis showed that 900℃ gave the highest adsorption capacity and good stability, indicating a more significant potential for interaction with body cells. These findings confirm the ability of WH to be a promising biomaterial for bone replacement applications.
THE EFFECT OF CALCINATION TEMPERATURE AND HOLDING TIME ON STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIA POWDERS DERIVED FROM EGGSHELL WASTE Prayitno, Budi; Musyarofah, Musyarofah; Tajalla, Gusti Umindya Nur; Nafisah, Azmia Rizka; Norhidayah, Siti; Kartika, Siska Ayu
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i1.450

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of calcination temperature and holding time on the structural properties of calcia (CaO) powders. The raw material used in this study is chicken eggshell waste, which was cleaned, dried, ground, and sieved for uniform particle size. The synthesis of calcia powder was performed by calcining the powder at 900°C and 1000 °C for 5, 10, and 15 hours. XRD, BET, and SEM analyses were employed to evaluate crystal structure, textural properties, and microstructure of the calcined powders. The Rietveld analysis reveals the identified crystalline phases were calcia up to 95.6 mol% and calcium hydroxide as secondary phase. Results indicate that higher calcination temperatures and extended holding times increase particle size and reduce BET surface area, significantly altering pore size distribution. Specifically, elevated temperatures promote sintering and grain growth, leading to smaller average pore radii and decreased total pore volume. The BET surface area ranges from 7.431 m2/g to 1.772 m2/g for samples calcined at 900 °C and from 3.202 m²/g to 0.711 m²/g for samples calcined at 1000 °C. Correspondingly, the average particle radius increases from 183.51 nm to 769.55 nm at 900 °C and from 425.83 nm to 1918.10 nm at 1000 °C as the holding time extends. BJH analysis reveals that longer holding times broaden pore size distribution due to the merging of smaller pores.
PENGEMBANGAN ELEKTRONIK LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (E-LKPD) INTERAKTIF MENGGUNAKAN WIZER.ME PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPS Zein, Firly Annisa'; Musyarofah, Musyarofah
Prima Magistra: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Volume 5 Nomor 1 Tahun 2024
Publisher : Program Studi PGSD Universitas Flores

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37478/jpm.v5i1.3573

Abstract

This research has a background, namely teachers in making E-LKPD is still limited to the form of multiple-choice questions and essays. Electronic student worksheets (E-LKPD) are also directly components on doing questions or answering questions. E-LKPD uses this Wizer.me platform has never been used by teachers in social studies learning and also wants to develop other interesting technologies such as this Wizer.me which has a variety of question forms such as drawing, filling in clumped sentences, and so on, and this can generate student interest in social studies. The purpose of this study is to determine the validity and effectiveness of Interactive E-LKPD using Wizer.me in social studies learning Community Life Material During the Hindu-Buddhist Period grade VII SMP Negeri 1 Panti for the 2022/2023 academic year. This research uses research and development methods. The research model used is ASSURE. The data obtained is in the form of qualitative and quantitative data. Data collection techniques used include interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. This research has the following results: 1) The results of the validity test conducted by material experts obtained a percentage of 76% which means quite valid, media / design experts obtained a percentage of 87% which means very valid, and linguists obtained a percentage of 87% which means very valid. Of the three results, an average percentage of 83% was obtained with a fairly valid category. 2) The results of the effectiveness of E-LKPD tested on students get a percentage of 87% which is categorized as very effective.
Co-Authors Agung R, Risa Rahelia Agung R., Risa Rahelia Andrie, Attila Alief Anugrah Anifah, Eka Masrifatus Ardhansyah, Mukti Arfiyanti, Riskha Ariyatun, Ariyatun Bela, Jesica Budi Prayitno Chairunnisa, Regita Cahya Devy Setiorini Sa’adiyah efendi, Irfan Eko Agung Syaputra Endang Susilaningsih Fachry Abda El Rahman Fadli Robiandi Fajarini, Anindya Fajrin Kurniawan, Fakhri Fauziyah , Nur Aini Fazriyani, Felinda Febrianto, Ismail Firmansyah, Feri Hidayatullah Gatut Yudoyono Hayati, Umi henny Siswanti Idhil Ismail, Andi Indarti, M. G. Kentris intan permata sari Ismah, Fatdriatun Joko Waluyo Kamariyah, Nurul Karo, Marni Kartika, Siska Ayu Khumaera, Rahmatia Kunaenih, Kunaenih M. Uswah Pawara Mahera, Adinda Kholif Martanto . Masitoh, anny Rosiana Maulidah, Istiana Mohamed, Zakiah Nafisah, Azmia Rizka Nashrullah, Mustaqim Aqib Ningrum, Puji Norhidayah, Siti Nuraini , Umi Nuraini, Inas Nurhayati Nurhayati Nurul Inayah Payungalo, Juwita Poo-arporn, Yingyot Purba, Livia Br. Puspitaningrum, Diah Puspitasari, Nurrisma Putri, Rezky Meyvia Rahastama, Swastya Rahim, Muhammad Ramadhan, Muhammad Bagus Saputra Ramadhani, Nabbila Salsa Reza, Mutia Rizqy Romadhona Ginting Sapawe, Norzahir Saputra, Dwi Mulia Nur Sastrawan, Febrian Dedi Sholihah, Ni’matus shoodiqin, dian mart Sihaloho, Elisabeth Romanauli Silalahi, Hanna Rosita Simanjuntak, Cristovel Sirait, Maria Diva Yuniar Siregar, Renince Sri Susilogati Sumarti Subaweh, Ahmad Maskur Suhaimi, Firdaus Sumual, Theofilus Ariel Tajalla, Gusti Umindya Nur Tajri M., Fulkha Tanaka, Isao Triwikantoro Triwikantoro Utomo, Zinedine Zidane Wardani, Refangga Cendikia Zein, Firly Annisa'