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Contact Name
Eko Nur Hermansyah
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ekonurhermansyah@unw.ac.id
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+6282192115123
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melatiaprilliana90@gmail.com
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Jl. Diponegoro no 186 Gedanganak - Ungaran Timur, Kab. Semarang Jawa Tengah
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product
ISSN : 26563215     EISSN : 26156903     DOI : 10.35473
Core Subject : Health,
This journal is aimed as promoting principled approach to research on pharmacy that covers a broad range of topics engaging a good relationship in theoretical and practical. This journal covers: Pharmacology Pharmacognosy Analytical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Technology Social and Management Pharmacy
Articles 144 Documents
Profil Klinik dan Farmakoterapi Anti-Dislipidemia Diabetes di Rumah Sakit Gunawan Mangunkusumo Ambarawa: Clinical and Pharmacotherapeutic Profile of Anti-Diabetic Dyslipidemia at Gunawan Mangunkusumo Hospital Susilo, Jatmiko; Inka Puji Lestari
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Vol. 8 No. 01 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35473/ijpnp.v8i01.3559

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is characterized by increased plasma TG, low HDL-c, and high LDL-c, which is commonly found in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and is one of the main causes of ischemic stroke and cardiovascular death risk. This study aims to describe the clinical profile and pharmacotherapy of diabetic dyslipidemia drugs at GM Hospital. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study by collecting data from medical records of diabetic dyslipidemia patients treated at GMA Hospital from January to December 2022. Antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic drugs prescribed by clinicians were collected and presented in tables and figures. The study showed that 28 (37.84%) were male and 46 (62.16%) were female. The average age of the population was 56.71 ± 13.60 years. Clinical profile with TC: 200.73 ± 56.40 mg/dL (limit), LDL-c level: 132.73 ± 57.67 mg/dL (almost optimal), and TG: 280.76 ± 169.40 mg/dL. Antidyslipidemic drugs were Fenofibrat (58.57%) and Atorvastatin (41.46%). Antidiabetic drugs were insulin Aspart (IAsp) (86.49%), insulin Degludec (IDeg) (4.05%), IDegAsp (combination of IDeg and IAsp) (5.41%), and Glimepiride (4.05%). The pattern of drug prescription in diabetic dyslipidemia patients was a combination of Fenofibrate-IAsp (45.95%); Atorvastatin-IAsp (29.73%); Fenofibrate-Atorvastatin-IAsp (10.51%); Atorvastatin-IDegAsp (5.41%); Fenofibrate-IDegAsp, and Fenofibrat-Glimepiride (4.05%, respectively). This study implies that insulin and Fenofibrate or Atorvastatin are the main drug groups for the treatment of diabetic patients with dyslipidemia either when used alone or in combination. Further studies focus on the reasons for drug safety and quality of life.   ABSTRAK Dislipidemia ditandai dengan peningkatan plasma TG, HDL-c rendah, dan LDL-c tinggi, yang umum ditemukan pada subyek dibetes mellitus (DM) dan merupakan salah satu penyebab utama stroke iskemik dan resiko kematian kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil klinik dan farmakoterapi obat diabetes dislipidemia diabetik di Ruamh Sakit Gunawan Mangunkuumo (RSGM). Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif cross sectional dengan mengumpulkan data dari rekam medis subyek diabetes dislipidemia yang dirawat di RS GMA pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2022. Obat antidiabetik dan antidislipidemia yang diresepkan oleh klinisi dikumpulkan dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 28 (37,84%) berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan 46 (62,16%) perempuan. Rata-rata usia populasi 56,71 ± 13,60 tahun. Profil klinik dengan TC: 200,73 ± 56,40 mg/dL (batas), kadar LDL-c: 132,73 ± 57,67 mg/dL (hampir optimal), dan TG: 280,76 ± 169,40 mg/dL. Obat antidislipidemia adalah Fenofibrat (58,57%) dan Atorvastatin (41,46%). Obat antidiabetes adalah insulin Aspart (IAsp) (86,49%), insulin degludec (IDeg) (4,05%), IDegAsp (kombinasi IDeg dan IAsp) (5,41%), dan Glimepiride (4,05%). Pola peresepan obat pada subyek dislipidemia diabetik adalah kombinasi Fenofibrat-IAsp (45,95%); Atorvastatin-IAsp (29,73%); Fenofibrat-Atorvastatin-IAsp (10,51%); Atorvastatin-IDegAsp (5,41%); Fenofibrat-IDegAsp, dan Fenofibrat-Glimepiride masing-masing (4,05%). Studi ini menyiratkan bahwa insulin dan Fenofibrat atau Atorvastatin merupakan kelompok obat utama untuk pengobatan subyek dislipidemia diabetes baik bila digunakan sendiri maupun dalam kombinasi. Studi lebih lanjut berfokus pada alasan keamanan obat dan kualitas hidup.
Identifikasi Senyawa Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanol 96% Cacing Tambelo (Bactronophorus Thoracites) Menggunakan Metode KLT: Identification of Flavonoid Compounds of 96% Ethanol Extract of Tambelo Worm (Bactronophorus Thoracites) Using KLT Method Ayu Andira; Jufri Ubrusun; Faizal Mustamin
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Vol. 8 No. 01 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35473/ijpnp.v8i01.3713

Abstract

Tambelo worms (Bactronophorus thoracites) are worms that live in decaying mangrove trees. The purpose of this study was to analyze the flavonoid compound content in tambelo worms (Bactronophorus thoracites) from Tepian Village, North Kalimantan Province. This study uses descriptive observational method which includes the examination of data on the identification of secondary metabolite compounds, especially color changes in thin layer chromatography test results in the form of retention factor (RF) values. The tambelo worms used in this study have been determined at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) in December 2024. In this study, the extraction method is maceration method and the identification of flavonoid compound using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results of tambelo worm extract after spraying cyroborate reagent produced a yellow stain (RF = 0.40), and produced a bright blue fluorescent stain (RF = 0.38) when observed using UV light 366 nm. The conclusion from the results of this study is that tambelo worm extract (Bactronophorus thoracites) is positive for flavonoids. Thin Layer Chromatography test results using mobile phase n-hexan:ethyl acetate (1:3) for flavonoids.   ABSTRAK Cacing tambelo (Bactronophorus thoracites) merupakan cacing yang hidup dipohon bakau lapuk dan membusuk. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kandungan senyawa flavonoid pada cacing tambelo (Bactronophorus thoracites) asal Desa Tepian Provinsi Kalimantan Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional deskriptif yang meliputi pemeriksaan data hasil identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder, khususnya perubahan warna pada hasil uji kromatografi lapis tipis berupa nilai faktor retensi (RF). Cacing tambelo yang dipakai pada penelitian ini telah dideterminasi di Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) pada bulan desember 2024. Pada penelitian ini ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dan pengujian senyawa flavonoid menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Hasil ekstrak cacing tambelo setelah penyemprotan reagen sitroborat menghasilkan bercak noda berwarna kuning (RF= 0,40), dan menghasilkan bercak noda berflourisensi biru terang (RF= 0,38) pada saat diamati menggunakan sinar UV 366 nm. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini bahwa ekstrak cacing tambelo (Bactronophorus thoracites) positif mengandung flavonoid. Hasil uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis menggunakan fase gerak n-heksan:etil asetat (1:3) untuk flavonoid.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Ekstrak Biji Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) dan Bunga Rosella (Hibicus Sabdarifa L.) Sebagai Anti Hiperglikemia Secara IN VIVO: The Effect Of Basil Seed Extract Combination (Ocimum basilicum L) and rosella Flower (Hibicus Sabdarifa L.) As Anti Hyperglycemia IN VIVO Cikra Ikhda Nur Hamidah Safitri; Anastasya Putri Wahyuni
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Vol. 8 No. 01 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35473/ijpnp.v8i01.3774

Abstract

Rosella plant is a plant that has biological activities such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activity. Basil seeds are traditionally also often used as an aroma enhancer in food in the long term and have a significant effect on blood sugar levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of combination therapy of the two drugs working synergistically which will have a potentiation effect. This study was experimental. The doses of basil seed extract, rosella flower extract, Glibenclamide and their combinations have different doses. Basil seed extract (100mg/kg), rosella flower extract (100mg/kg), Glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg) and their combinations (6 groups, n=5). Antihyperglycemic activity was tested using alloxan-induced male rats by estimating fasting blood glucose levels and observing changes in fasting blood glucose levels on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after treatment. On the 21st day, blood samples were collected and tested. Combination therapy did not show synergistic effects, but blood glucose levels decreased significantly (P <0.001) since the first day and returned to normal on the 21st day after treatment. A single dose of basil seeds and rosella flowers induced by alloxan has antihyperglycemic potential, The potential of herbal antihyperglycemic formulation is comparable to glibenclamide, as indicated by a decrease in glucose levels.   ABSTRAK Tanaman rosella adalah tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas biologi seperti antihipertensi, antioksidan, dan aktivitas hipoglikemik. Biji kemangi Secara tradisional juga sering digunakan sebagai penambah aroma pada makanan dalam jangka panjang memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kadar gula darah.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan efektivitas terapi kombinasi kedua obat tersebut bekerja secara sinergis yang akan berefek potensiasi. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental. Dosis ekstrak biji kemangi, ekstrak bunga rosella, Glibengclamide dan Kombinasinya mempunyai dosis yang berbeda. Ekstrak Biji kemangi (100mg/kg), Ekstrak Bunga rosella (100mg/kg), Glibenclamide (0,5mg/kg) dan Kombinasinya (6 kelompok,n=5). Aktivitas antihiperglikemia diuji menggunakan tikus jantan yang diinduksi aloksan dengan memperkirakan kadar glukosa darah puasa dan mengamati perubahan kadar glukosa darah puasa pada hari ke-1, 3, 7, 14, dan 21 setelah perlakuan. Pada hari ke-21 sampel darah dikumpulkan dan di uji. Terapi kombinasi tidak menunjukkan efek sinergis, namun kadar glukosa darah mengalami penurunan yang sangat signifikan (P <0,001) sejak hari pertama dan kembali normal pada hari ke-21 setelah perlakuan. Dosis tunggal pada biji kemangi dan bunga rosella yang diinduksi aloksan memiliki potensi antihiperglikemia, Potensi formulasi Antihiperglikemia herbal sebanding dengan glibenklamid, yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan kadar glukosa.
Ekstraksi dan Uji Stabilitas Limbah Kulit Umbi Bit Merah (Beta Vulgaris L.) sebagai Alternatif Pewarna Alami pada Lipstick: Extraction and Stability Test of Red Bit (Beta Vulgaris L.) Umb Culk Waste as An Alternative Natural Color in Lipstick Nurwahidah, Andi Tenri; Moh. Firman Irwanto; Anisa Fitriyani; Ashar Prima; Fauziah H Wada; Amzal Mortin Andas
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Vol. 8 No. 01 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35473/ijpnp.v8i01.3513

Abstract

Lipstick is a cosmetic that can be used to color the lips so that it adds to the beauty of the makeup on the lips. Red beetroot skin has a natural pigment content that can be used as a natural dye. The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate solid lipstick preparations from red beetroot skin extract (Beta vulgaris L.) as a natural dye. The research stages were sample collection, extraction, lipstick formulation and evaluation of the physical properties of the lipstick including organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, spreadability tests, pH tests, melting point tests, irritation tests, and stability tests. The red beetroot skin lipstick formula consists of 4 formulas with variations in concentration, namely F0 (0%), F1 (5%), F2 (10%), F3 (15%). The resulting red beetroot skin extract is a thick extract that is dark brown in color and has a distinctive extract aroma with a yield of 46.69%. The resulting lipstick preparation is a homogeneous preparation with the colors of the F0, F1, F2, F3 formulas, namely bone white, brown, light brown, and dark brown. The evaluation results of lipstick formula F0, F1, F2, F3 obtained pH values ​​of 6.36-6.10; melting point 51°C-58°C and had good spreadability. The results of the stability test of lipstick preparations of all formulas at a temperature of 28°C were stable for 4 weeks of storage. The results of the irritation test using the patch test method on all lipstick formulas did not cause irritation. Based on the overall evaluation results, the red beetroot skin extract formulated in lipstick successfully met the standards for lipstick preparations, the red beetroot skin extract lipstick formulation provided good color at concentrations of 10% and 15%.   ABSTRAK Lipstick merupakan kosmetik yang dapat digunakan untuk mewarnai bibir sehingga menambah keindahan riasan pada bibir. Kulit umbi bit merah memiliki kandungan pigmen alami untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna alami. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan formulasi dan evaluasi sediaan lipstick padat dari ekstrak kulit umbi bit merah (Beta vulgaris L.) sebagai pewarna alami. Tahap penelitian adalah pengumpulan sampel, ekstraksi, formulasi lipstick dan evaluasi sifat fisik lipstick meliputi uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji daya oles, uji pH, uji titik leleh, uji iritasi, dan uji stabilitas. Formula lipstick kulit umbi bit merah terdiri dari 4 formula dengan variasi konsentrasi yaitu F0 (0%), F1 (5%), F2 (10%), F3 (15%). Ekstrak kulit umbi bit merah yang dihasilkan merupakan ekstrak kental berwarna coklat pekat dan memilik aroma khas ekstrak dengan rendemen sebesar 46,69%. Sediaan lipstick yang dihasilkan merupakan sediaan homogen dengan warna formula F0, F1,F2, F3 yaitu putih tulang, coklat, coklat muda, dan coklat tua. Hasil evaluasi sediaan lipstick formula F0, F1, F2, F3 diperoleh nilai pH 6,36-6,10; titik leleh 51°C-58°C dan mempunyai daya oles yang baik. Hasil uji stabilitas sediaan lipstick semua formula pada suhu ruang 28°C stabil selama 4 minggu penyimpanan. Hasil uji iritasi dengan metode patchtest pada semua formula sediaan lipstick tidak menyebabkan iritasi. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi keseluruhan, ekstrak kulit umbi bit merah yang diformulasikan dalam lipstick berhasil memenuhi standar untuk sediaan lipstick, formulasi lipstick ekstrak kulit umbi bit merah memberikan warna yang baik pada konsentrasi 10% dan 15%.
Harapan, Pandangan, dan Kepercayaan Masyarakat terhadap Pelayanan Apoteker di Apotek Karunia Sehat Baru Kabupaten Semarang : Public Hopes, Views, and Trust of Pharmacist Services at the Karunia Sehat Baru Pharmacy, Semarang Regency Hati, Anita Kumala; Wahda, Lisma Zunianti; Widyasmoro, Gita Prastiti Indah Sekar
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Vol. 8 No. 01 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35473/ijpnp.v8i01.3918

Abstract

Public expectations, views, and trust in pharmacist services are important because they affect service effectiveness and customer loyalty, which can ultimately improve pharmacy business processes. This study aims to analyze public expectations, views, and trust of pramacist services at the Karunia Sehat Baru Pharmacy in Semarang Regency. The method used is quantitative descriptive analysis with a cross-sectional approach, using a questionnaire to measure expectations (12 statements), views (5 statements), and trust (4 statements). The sample of this study was 92 consumers of the Karunia Sehat Baru pharmacy in December 2024. The results showed that 53 respondents (57.6%) had high expectations, 26 respondents (28.3%) had moderate expectations, and 13 respondents (14.1%) had low expectations. The highest expectations were especially regarding drug use education with a score of 93.48%. Public views on pharmacist services were very positive (90.2%), positive (5.4%) and negative (4.3%). The level of public trust in Karunia Sehat Baru pharmacists showed 67.4% in the high category, 29.3% in the medium category, and 3.3% in the low category. The conclusion of this study is that the public has high expectations, a very positive view, and high trust in the services of pharmacists at the Karunia Sehat Baru Pharmacy in Semarang Regency.   ABSTRAK Harapan, pandangan, dan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan apoteker penting karena mempengaruhi efektivitas layanan dan loyalitas pelanggan, yang pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan proses bisnis apotek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis harapan, pandangan, dan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan di Apotek Karunia Sehat Baru Kabupaten Semarang. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, menggunakan kuesioner untuk mengukur harapan (12 pernyataan), pandangan (5 pernyataan), dan kepercayaan (4 pernyataan). Sampel penelitian ini sejumlah 92 konsumen apotek Karunia Sehat Baru di bulan Desember 2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 53 responden (57,6%) memiliki harapan tinggi, 26 responden (28,3%) memiliki harapan sedang, dan 13 responden (14,1%) memiliki harapan rendah. Harapan paling tinggi khususnya tentang edukasi penggunaan obat dengan skor 93,48%. Pandangan Masyarakat terhadap pelayanan Apoteker sangat posotif (90,2%), positif (5,4%) dan negatif (4,3%). Tingkat kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap apoteker Karunia Sehat Baru menunjukkan 67,4% dengan kategori tinggi, 29,3% kategori sedang, dan 3,3% kategori rendah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa masyarakat memiliki harapan yang tinggi, pandangan yang sangat positif, dan kepercayaan yang tinggi terhadap pelayanan Apoteker di Apotek Karunia Sehat Baru Kabupaten Semarang.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah dan Malondialdehid pada Tikus Yang Diinduksi Aloksan: The Effect Of Ethanolic Extract Of Bandotan Leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.) on Blood Glucose and Malondialdehyde Levels in Alloxane Induced Rats Johnes Kalfari; Wiwin Herdwiani; Fitri Kurniasari
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Vol. 8 No. 01 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35473/ijpnp.v8i01.3799

Abstract

Hyperglycemia causes an increase of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) in the body, causing oxidative stress and tissue destruction. Oxidative stress occurs through increased levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood. Bandotan leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.) have antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activity from flavonoid compounds are able to minimize Malondialdehyde levels. The following research aims to observe the effect of ethanolic extract of bandotan leaves on blood glucose and malondialdehyde levels in alloxan-induced rats and the effective dose. The study began with extracting bandotan leaves using maceration method and continued with phytochemical screening test. Pharmacological tests were applied to rats, grouped into negative control group (Na-CMC 0.5%), positive control group (Glibenclamid 0.45 mg/kg), and group of bandotan leaves extract with doses of 72,5 mg/kg, 145 mg/kg, and 290 mg/kg. After 14 days of treatment, rats blood was collected to measure glucose levels using a glucometer test and Malondialdehyde levels using a MDA ELISA kit. The results showed bandotan leaves extract had antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects by the mean of blood glucose and Malondialdehyde levels were significantly different from negative control group. Statistical analysis showed that in antihyperglycemic activity, bandotan leaves extract produced an effective dose at 72.5 mg/kg. In antioxidant activity with the parameter of Malondialdehyde levels, bandotan leaves extract produced an effective dose at 290 mg/kg.   ABSTRAK Hiperglikemia menyebabkan bertambahnya jumlah ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) dalam tubuh yang akan menimbulkan stres oksidatif dan perusakan jaringan. Stres oksidatif muncul melalui kenaikan kadar malondialdehid (MDA) dalam darah. Daun bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) mempunyai aktivitas antihiperglikemik dan antioksidan dari senyawa flavonoid yang mampu menekan kadar malondialdehid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengamati pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun bandotan pada kadar glukosa darah serta malondialdehid terhadap tikus yang diinduksi aloksan serta dosis efektifnya. Penelitian diawali dengan mengekstraksi simplisia serbuk daun bandotan dengan metode maserasi dan dilanjutkan uji skrining fitokimia. Uji farmakologi dilakukan terhadap tikus yang dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok kontrol negative (Na-CMC 0,5%), kelompok kontrol positif (Glibenclamid 0,45 mg/kg BB), dan kelompok ekstrak etanol daun bandotan dengan dosis 72,5 mg/kg BB, 145 mg/kg BB, dan 290 mg/kg BB. Setelah perlakuan 14 hari, darah tikus diambil untuk diukur kadar glukosa darah menggunakan glukometer tes dan kadar malondialdehid menggunakan Kit ELISA MDA. Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak daun bandotan memiliki aktivitas antihiperglikemik dan antioksidan dengan rerata kadar glukosa darah dan kadar malondialdehid berbeda signifikan terhadap kelompok kontrol negatif. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa pada aktivitas antihiperglikemik, ekstrak daun bandotan mengahasilkan dosis efektif sebesar 72,5 mg/kg BB. Pada aktivitas antioksidan dengan parameter kadar malondialdehid, ekstrak daun bandotan mengahasilkan dosis efektif sebesar 290 mg/kg BB.
Potensi Antioksidan Biji Pepaya terhadap Parameter Oksidatif Jantung pada Tikus Jantan Model Diet Tinggi Lemak: Antioxidant Potential of Papaya Seeds on Cardiac Oxidative Parameters in Male Rats with High Fat Diet Model Arif Santoso; Choirul Huda; Sulastri; Pera Amelia; Rissa Laila Vifta; Melati Aprilliana Ramadhani; Eka Noviya Fuzianingsih
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Vol. 8 No. 01 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35473/ijpnp.v8i01.3836

Abstract

An imbalance between the body's antioxidant system capacity and free radical production can lead to oxidative stress, which ultimately causes the lipid peroxidation process. This phenomenon is commonly identified by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of ethanolic papaya seed (Carica papaya L.) extract in modulating SOD and MDA levels in the heart tissue of male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to a high-fat diet over 17 days. A total of 30 rats were used and allocated into six groups: a positive control (K+), a negative control (K−), a standard control (KN), and three treatment arms receiving oral doses of 150 mg/kgBW (P1), 250 mg/kgBW (P2), and 350 mg/kgBW (P3). The extraction process employed 70% ethanol through maceration. The lowest MDA average was recorded in the P3 group (3.50±1.65), whereas the K-group exhibited the highest level (24.45±4.71). In terms of SOD, the K+ group had the highest mean (65.46±5.93), and the K− group the lowest (36.34±7.57). Statistical analysis using Tukey’s test showed that administration of 350 mg/kg body weight extract yielded results closely resembling those of the positive control. However, the observed differences did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). The conclusion is that administration of papaya seed extract at a dose of 350 mg/kgBW has the potential to reduce MDA levels and increase SOD levels, with effects similar to positive controls.   ABSTRAK Tidak seimbangnya antara kapasitas sistem antioksidan tubuh dan produksi radikal bebas dapat mengakibatkan kearah stres oksidatif, yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan proses peroksidasi lipid. Keadaan ini ditandai oleh aktivitas enzim superoxide dismutase (SOD) yang meningkat dan konsentrasi malondialdehida (MDA) yang menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi ekstrak etanol biji pepaya (Carica papaya L.) dalam memodulasi kadar SOD dan MDA pada jaringan jantung tikus jantan galur Sprague Dawley yang diberi diet tinggi lemak pada rentang waktu 17 hari. Penelitian ini memakai desain eksperimental dengan melibatkan 30 ekor tikus, yang dikelompokkan menjadi enam: kelompok kontrol positif (K+), kontrol negatif (K−), kontrol normal (KN), serta tiga kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis bertingkat yaitu 150 mg/kgBB (P1), 250 mg/kgBB (P2), dan 350 mg/kgBB (P3). Ekstrak diperoleh melalui metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Hasil analisis menyatakan bahwa kadar MDA terendah ditemukan pada kelompok P3 (3,50±1,65), sedangkan kadar tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok K− (24,45±4,71). Sebaliknya, kadar SOD tertinggi dicatat pada kelompok K+ (65,46±5,93) dan terendah pada kelompok K− (36,34±7,57). Berdasarkan uji lanjut Tukey, pemberian ekstrak biji pepaya dosis 350 mg/kgBB (P3) memberikan hasil yang secara statistik mendekati kelompok kontrol positif, meskipun belum menyatakan perbedaan bermakna (p > 0,05). Kesimpulannya adalah pemberian ekstrak biji pepaya dosis 350 mg/kgBB memiliki potensi pada penurunan kadar MDA dan meningkatkan kadar SOD, dengan efek yang menyerupai kontrol positif.
Analisis Efektivitas Regimen Terapi Antiretroviral terhadap Status Viral Load pada Pasien HIV di Puskesmas Umbulharjo 1 dan Gedongtengen: Effectiveness Analysis of Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens on Viral Load Status Among HIV Patients at Umbulharjo 1 and Gedongtengen Community Health Centers Prita Anggraini Kartika Sari; Risa Widiastuti; Nida Amalia Azmi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Vol. 8 No. 01 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35473/ijpnp.v8i01.4001

Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major public health challenge, including in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study compares the effectiveness of two first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens, namely TLD (Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Dolutegravir) and TLE (Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Efavirenz), in reducing viral load among HIV patients at two community health centers. A retrospective cohort design using convenience sampling was conducted based on medical records from Gedongtengen Community Health Center (January 2021–June 2023) and Umbulharjo 1 Community Health Center (January 2021–December 2022). Inclusion criteria comprised adult patients (≥17 years) who received TLD or TLE for at least six months and had complete viral load data. Statistical analyses (chi-square test, odds ratio) were performed on 102 patients (mean age 28.94 ± 9.98 years; 90.2% male). The majority (96.1%) were in early stages (1–2) of HIV infection, and 6.9% had opportunistic infections. Viral load suppression was achieved in 52% of patients receiving TLD compared to 21% in the TLE group (p = 0.015; OR = 3.01). The superior efficacy of TLD is attributed to Dolutegravir’s mechanism as an integrase inhibitor with a high barrier to resistance. Despite some limitations, these findings support prioritizing TLD as the preferred first-line ART regimen, particularly for patients in early stages of HIV infection.   ABSTRAK Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) menjadi tantangan utama kesehatan masyarakat, termasuk di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini membandingkan efektivitas dua regimen terapi antiretroviral (ART) lini pertama, yaitu TLD (Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Dolutegravir) dan TLE (Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Efavirenz) dalam menurunkan viral load pasien HIV di dua puskesmas. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kohort retrospektif dengan convenience sampling dilakukan pada rekam medis di Puskesmas Gedongtengen (Januari 2021–Juni 2023) dan Puskesmas Umbulharjo 1 (Januari 2021–Desember 2022). Kriteria inklusi meliputi pasien dewasa (≥17 tahun) yang menerima TLD/TLE minimal selama 6 bulan dan memiliki data viral load lengkap. Analisis statistik (chi-square, odds ratio) dilakukan pada 102 pasien (rerata usia 28,94 ± 9,98 tahun; 90,2% laki-laki). Sebanyak 96,1% berada pada stadium awal (1–2) dan 6,9% mengalami infeksi oportunistik. Penekanan viral load tercapai pada 52% pasien penerima TLD, dibandingkan 21% pada TLE (p = 0,015; OR = 3,01). Keunggulan TLD diduga disebabkan oleh mekanisme Dolutegravir sebagai penghambat integrase dengan high resistance barrier. Meskipun memiliki keterbatasan, temuan ini mendukung prioritas TLD sebagai regimen ART lini pertama, khususnya bagi pasien stadium awal HIV.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Sand Granules dan Mortalitas Larva Nyamuk: Effect of Avocado Seed Extract Concentration (Persea americana Mill) on Physical Characteristics of Sand Granules and Mosquito Larvae Mortality Pujiastuti, Anasthasia; Neli Diah Pratiwi; Sutrianis Bahrianti
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Vol. 8 No. 01 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35473/ijpnp.v8i01.4009

Abstract

The spread of diseases caused by mosquito bites can be overcome by providing larvicides in water reservoirs. Avocado seed extract has been proven as a natural larvicide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of avocado seed extract concentration on the physical characteristics of sand granules and the mortality of mosquito larvae. Sand granules were made using the wet granulation method with extract concentrations of 1% (F1) and 2% (F2). Tests included organoleptic, water content, particle size distribution, flow time, flow rate, angle of repose, and dissolution time. The treatment group was Abate® positive control, tap water negative control, 37.5 mg extract, 75 mg extract, 6 preparations from FI and FII with variations in the amount of sand granules of 1.25 g, 2.5 g, and 3.75 g. The organoleptic results were granules, cream-colored, and odorless. The dominant particle distribution was 250 µm. The water content of both formulas was 2.29%, flow time was 1.92 and 1.87 seconds; Flow rates of 53.47 and 54.55 g/s, angle of repose of 30.22° and 30.06°. Dissolution time of 63.47 and 64.93 seconds. Mortality of negative control larvae was 0%, positive control and 75 mg extract had the same results, namely 100%, 37.5 mg extract and 3.75 grams of FII granules were > 80%, the other groups ranged from 20.5 to 76.9%. The results of statistical analysis stated that the concentration of avocado seed extract did not affect the physical characteristics of sand granules. The concentration of extract and the number of sand granules affected the mortality of mosquito larvae.   ABSTRAK Penyebaran penyakit karena gigitan nyamuk dapat diatasi dengan memberikan larvasida di penampungan air. Ekstrak biji alpukat telah terbukti sebagai larvasida alami. Tujuan penelitian mengevaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak biji alpukat terhadap karakteristik fisik sand granules dan mortalitas larva nyamuk. Pembuatan sand granules menggunakan metode granulasi basah dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 1% (F1) dan 2% (F2). Pengujian meliputi organoleptis, kadar air, distribusi ukuran partikel, waktu alir, kecepatan alir, sudut istirahat, waktu melarut. Kelompok perlakukan kontrol positif Abate®, kontrol negatif air ledeng, ekstrak 37,5 mg, ekstrak 75 mg, 6 sediaan dari FI dan FII dengan variasi jumlah sand granules sebesar 1,25 g, 2,5 g, dan 3,75 g. Hasil organoleptis berbentuk granul, berwarna krem, dan tidak berbau. Distribusi partikel dominan berukuran 250 µm. Kadar air kedua formula 2,29%, waktu alir 1,92 dan 1,87 detik; kecepatan alir 53,47 dan 54,55 g/s, sudut istirahat 30,22° dan 30,06°. Waktu melarut 63,47 dan 64,93 detik. Mortalitas larva kontrol negatif 0%, kontrol positif dan ekstrak 75 mg hasilnya sama yaitu 100%, ekstrak 37,5 mg dan granul FII 3,75 gram > 80%, kelompok yang lain berkisar 20,5-76,9%. Hasil analisis statistik menyatakan konsentrasi ekstrak biji alpukat tidak berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik fisik sand granules. Konsentrasi ekstrak dan jumlah sand granules berpengaruh pada mortalitas larva nyamuk.     
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Mouthwash dan Antioksidan Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia): Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity Test of Lime Essential Oil (Citrus aurantifolia) Ramadhani, Melati Aprilliana; Anhuma Turaya, M.Ridho; Aminah, Maulidahul; Mardiyanti, Devi; Rissa Laila Vifta; Sulastri
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Vol. 8 No. 01 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35473/ijpnp.v8i01.4178

Abstract

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities are two frequently studied pharmacological properties of medicinal plants. Lime is a plant that possesses both of these activities is. One potential secondary metabolite is essential oil, which is abundantly found in the peel. The purpose of this study was to analyze the activity of lime peel essential oil (MAKJN) mouthwash against Streptococcus mutans and the antioxidant activity of MAKJN. The research methods used were phytochemical screening of MAKJN using color and GCMS tests, antibacterial testing of the mouthwash using the paper disc method with MAKJN concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%, and antioxidant testing using DPPH. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 with the LSD post-hoc test method. Phytochemical screening of MAKJN revealed flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins, while GCMS results indicated the most abundant compound was l-Limonene. The antibacterial test of MAKJN mouthwash at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% respectively had an average inhibition zone (mm) of 3.65; 3.97; and 5.82. SPSS analysis using the LSD test, namely the F3 inhibition zone had a p value <0.05 when compared with F1 and F2 which showed a significant difference. The antioxidant activity of MAKJN produced an IC50 value of 80.060 ppm. The conclusion of this study is that MAKJN mouthwash has potential as an antibacterial against Streptococcus mutans at a concentration of 3% with moderate potential, and MAKJN's antioxidant activity has strong potential.   ABSTRAK Antibakteri dan antioksidan adalah dua khasiat farmakologis pada tanaman obat yang sering diteliti. Jeruk nipis adalah tanaman yang memiliki kedua aktivitas tersebut. Salah satu metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi adalah minyak atsiri, yang banyak terkandung pada bagian kulitnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis aktivitas mouthwash minyak atsiri kulit jeruk nipis (MAKJN) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutan dan antioksidan MAKJN. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah skrining fitokimia MAKJN dengan uji warna dan GCMS, uji antibakteri pada mouthwash menggunakan metode kertas cakram dengan konsentrasi MAKJN 1%, 2%, 3%, dan uji antioksidan menggunakan DPPH. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 27 dengan metode uji post-hoc LSD. Skrining fitokimia pada MAKJN menunjukkan kandungan flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, dan saponin, sedangkan hasil GCMS menunjukkan senyawa terbanyak adalah l-Limonene. Uji antibakteri mouthwash MAKJN pada konsentrasi 1%, 2%, 3% berturut-turut memiliki zona hambat rata-rata (mm) 3,65; 3,97; dan 5,82. Analisis SPSS menggunakan uji LSD menunjukkan zona hambat F3 memiliki nilai p<0,05 jika dibandingkan dengan F1 dan F2 yang menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Aktivitas antioksidan MAKJN ditunjukkan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 80,060 ppm. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah mouthwash MAKJN memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutan pada konsentrasi 3% dengan potensi sedang, dan aktivitas antioksidan MAKJN memiliki potensi yang kuat.