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Journal of Law and Legal Reform
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 27150941     EISSN : 27150968     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
The Journal seeks to disseminate information and views on matters relating to law reform, including developments in case and statute law, as well as proposals for law reform, be they from formal law reform bodies or from other institutions or individuals
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 133 Documents
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Reforming Legal Frameworks for Human Capital: Digital Strategies Driving Industry 5.0 and Sustainability Tjokro, Gunawan; Zaenuri, Zaenuri; Yanto , Heri; Rokhman, Fathur; Rajagukguk, Abdul; Sanni, Tajudeen
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): July, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i3.22645

Abstract

The transition to Industry 5.0 necessitates a robust legal framework to regulate human capital investment, ensuring digital workforce development aligns with labor protections and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study examines the regulatory structures governing human capital investment in Indonesia, the European Union, and the United States, evaluating their effectiveness in addressing digital transformation challenges, AI-driven employment governance, and workforce adaptability. A mixed-methods approach integrates legal analysis with empirical assessments of policy effectiveness, workforce investment trends, and labor market outcomes. Findings reveal significant disparities in AI workforce governance, skill accreditation, and automation labor rights. Indonesia’s fragmented legal framework hinders workforce reskilling and AI employment governance, while the European Union’s AI Act provides a structured, albeit inconsistently implemented, model for digital employment regulation. The United States, despite its technological leadership, lacks federal AI workforce policies, leading to state-level regulatory variations. The study underscores the necessity of harmonized legal frameworks to bridge workforce skill gaps, protect labor rights, and advance SDG-aligned workforce policies. Future legal reforms must prioritize AI governance, digital workforce training, and cross-border labor protections to ensure equitable workforce transitions. Strengthening public-private partnerships, standardizing AI employment regulations, and enhancing labor rights enforcement will be essential for fostering sustainable human capital investment in the industry 5.0 era. The contribution of research extends beyond theoretical frameworks, providing substantial implications for policy formulation, industry practices, educational advancements, and societal improvements.
Law Reform, Justice, and Sustainable Tourism: Evaluating Legal Impacts on Hospitality Growth and Environmental Sustainability Mochtar, Dewi Astutty; Supriyadi, Supriyadi; Bawono, Suryaning; Indrayanti, Kadek Wiwik; Putra, Eka Nugraha
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): July, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i3.23376

Abstract

This study evaluates 97 countries from 2012 to 2022 using a dynamic panel data approach with a threshold model, which allows for analyzing how the impact of key variables may change over time and differ across countries depending on specific conditions or thresholds This study considers the variables Total Hotel Guests, Work Participation, World Justice Project Index, and CO2 emissions. The study discovered that the quality of fair legislation significantly influences hotel performance growth, employee engagement, and environmental sustainability. The factors’ influences differ before and after attaining the World Justice Project Index threshold value, as indicated by the threshold value 1.223. When the value of the World Justice Project Index falls below the cutoff, the relationship between Total Hotel Guests and other variables is weaker. However, when the World Justice Project Index value exceeds the threshold, the relationship between Total Hotel Guests and these variables strengthens. A high World Justice Project Index reflects a strong legal system, human rights protection, and good civil justice. Countries with high World Justice Project Index values tend to attract more tourists. Work participation contributes to an increase in total hotel guests. A good World Justice Project Index creates a conducive business environment, promotes economic growth, and increases employment opportunities. Any increase in CO2 emissions will reduce the total hotel guests. A low World Justice Project Index can impact environmental quality, including air pollution. A poor environment can reduce the attractiveness of a destination and hinder tourism growth. Fair laws significantly impact the tourism and hospitality industry.
Criminal Law Reform in Education Based on Human Rights: A Comparative Perspective Astuti, Pudji; Konara, Thamasi
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): July, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i3.23739

Abstract

Educational criminal law aims to protect human rights for both teachers and students. This research aims to analyze the reform of criminal law in education by comparing the laws of Indonesia, Finland, and Egypt. This research is a normative legal study with a comparative, conceptual, and legislative approach. The novelty of this research lies in the substance of criminal law regulations in the field of education in Indonesia, which are still general, such as sanctions for teachers who commit molestation against students. The novelty of this research is that in Finland, the critical role of SOOL as a teacher professional organization is being implemented in cases involving teachers and students, and in Egypt, where criminal sanctions related to the abuse of authority in establishing higher education institutions are emphasized. The reform of criminal law in the field of education in Indonesia can be directed towards protecting teachers and involving teacher professional organizations to ensure that teachers cannot be criminally prosecuted for imposing disciplinary sanctions, while also guaranteeing student protection. This research recommends the need for specific regulations on criminal sanctions in the field of education in a separate special or sectoral law as a lex specialis of the New Criminal Code.
Disability Law Reform in Indonesia: Analyzing Policy Gap Implementation in Kudus Regency Dewi, Siti Malaiha; Qodarsasi, Umi; Sally, Novian Uticha; Syamsudin, Muhammad Hasan; Maskur, Muhammad Azil
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): July, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i3.24260

Abstract

Regional Regulation Number 10 of 2021 on the Protection and Fulfillment of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Kudus City is a hope for the realization of an inclusive city. The number of people with disabilities in Kudus City reaches 0.5% of the total population of Kudus. Still, data in the field reveal that implementing the Disability Regional Regulation in Kudus faces significant implementation barriers. This study examines legal reforms that can be carried out by focusing on complementing the shortcomings of previous studies, which more often portrayed the success of the implementation of the Regional Regulation and disregarded the aspects of obstacles and barriers in the implementation process. In addition, this study analyzes the failure of implementing the Disability Regional Regulation and the factors causing it. The design of this study is qualitative, where data collection was performed through interviews, online sources, and reports. The leading theory used in this study is the implementation of policies from George C. Edward III. The findings of this study stated that four variables must be re-evaluated in implementing the Disability Regional Regulation in Kudus, including communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The results of this study include a recommendation for the regional government to promptly enact the Regent Regulation (Perbup) so that the goals of protecting and fulfilling the rights of persons with disabilities can be achieved without further delay.  
Assessing Political Communication Reform in Digital Age: Case of 2024 Indonesia Presidential Elections Mohamad, Nabila Ridwan; Sahab, Ali; Aribowo, Aribowo; Wibisono, Rizky Bangun; Asfar, Mohammad
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): July, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i3.20491

Abstract

This research examines the role of Metro TV media in shaping the political image of Anies Baswedan and Muhaimin Iskandar for the 2024 Presidential Election. The study focuses on how Surya Paloh, a member of the Democratic National Party (Nasdem), biasedly reported on the candidates, affecting their electability in the 2024 General Election contestation. The research uses a qualitative content analysis method, a systematic approach to understanding and interpreting text data, to identify themes, patterns, and deep meaning. The study uses content analysis techniques to analyze narratives and framing strategies used in YouTube videos, while quantitative data, such as views, likes, dislikes, and comments, is analyzed to understand public sentiment and response to the political actors studied. The research provides a deeper understanding of Metro TV’s media alignment and the construction of the political image of Anies Baswedan and Muhaimin Iskandar on YouTube, ultimately impacting public perception and increasing their electability in the context of democracy and participation politics in the 2024 presidential election.
Benefit-Based Corruption Eradication Policy: A Comparison Between Indonesia and the UK Lasmadi, Sahuri; Sukma, Ahmad Novindri Aji
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): July, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i3.23406

Abstract

This research analyzes benefit-based corruption eradication policies in Indonesia and the UK while exploring the fundamental differences in anti-corruption strategies in the two countries and the possibility of implementing more effective policies in Indonesia. The method used in this research is normative juridical with a literature study approach. The results indicate that Indonesia and the UK adhere to different approaches to combating corruption. The UK implements a system based on legal certainty, transparency, and strict accountability while instilling a culture of integrity in the government system and the private sector. In addition, the UK has an independent anti-corruption agency with strict regulations integrated into the national legal system. However, policies in Indonesia still face challenges in terms of law enforcement, independence of anti-corruption institutions, and transparency of state financial management. To improve the effectiveness of corruption eradication in Indonesia, this research recommends a policy reconstruction that draws on UK practice. This measure includes strengthening independent anti-corruption institutions, implementing a stricter transparency system, and integrating anti-corruption policies into all national regulations. Applying the principle of expediency in corruption eradication policies is expected to foster a more effective, accountable, and sustainable system in corruption eradication in Indonesia.
Legal Reform on Indonesia’s Carbon Trading Regulation: Implementation and Harmonization of International Law Yoel, Siciliya Mardian; Priyono, F.X. Joko; Samekto, F.X. Adji; Nurbani, Erlis
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i4.20009

Abstract

Carbon trading is a system where companies can buy and sell carbon credits, with each credit allowing the emission of a specific amount of greenhouse gases. The Indonesian government has introduced new regulations to support carbon trading, but these need to fit seamlessly with existing international regulations due to Indonesia’s active participation in the carbon trading agreement. This research has two goals: first, to examine how comprehensive Indonesia’s carbon trading regulations align with international frameworks such as the Paris Agreement and the Kyoto Protocol. And second, to identify and assess challenges and opportunities in harmonizing Indonesian laws with these global standards. This research uses normative legal research by assessing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, such as international agreements, Indonesia’s laws, previously published works in the areas, and other legal documents. This method is combined with case studies from different countries. This approach will help identify successful strategies and pitfalls in carbon trading, offering valuable insights into what works and what does not. The expected outcome is a comprehensive understanding of how Indonesia’s carbon trading regulations align with international standards. It will also assess the efficacy of the current system works and suggest improvements to enhance its effectiveness. Indonesia’s approach to incorporating international treaties into national law is not entirely clear-cut, exhibiting elements of both monism and dualism. However, there is a tendency towards dualism, where international treaties must be transformed into national regulations to be effectively applied and used as a legal basis in judicial decisions. While carbon trading is a key mechanism in international climate agreements, it faces significant criticisms and challenges, particularly regarding environmental justice.
Legal Reform in Interfaith Marriage Under Supreme Court Circular No. 2 of 2023 Miqat, Nurul; Salam, Safrin; Adfiyanti, Adfiyanti; Ibrahim, Kayode Muhammad; Hassan, Abidemi
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i4.20972

Abstract

Human nature, being composed of different genders—men and women—naturally drives the attraction and union through marriage, fulfilling the desire to live together. As outlined in Article 1 of Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974, marriage is a physical and emotional bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife, intended to establish a happy and lasting family founded on the principles of God Almighty. Marriage, therefore, holds religious significance, uniting a man and a woman as husband and wife. This study examines the Supreme Court’s decision prohibiting court rulings on interfaith marriages. Using normative research methods, the study analyzes Article 2, Paragraph 1 of the Marriage Law, which states that a marriage is valid if conducted according to the laws of each religion and belief. In response to ongoing debates and increasing pressure due to granted applications for interfaith marriage registration by district courts, the Supreme Court of Indonesia issued Supreme Court Circular Letter No. 2 of 2023. This circular guides judges in adjudicating interfaith marriage applications. The issuance of the circular aims to resolve the controversy surrounding interfaith marriages, which have led to various legal and social issues. Previously, judges based their decisions on Law No. 23 of 2006 on Population Administration, leading to the approval of interfaith marriage applications. However, with SEMA No. 2 of 2023, a clear directive has been established to prevent legal uncertainty and ensure uniformity in court rulings regarding interfaith marriages.
Legal Reform in Space: Navigating the Future of Cosmic Mining Regulations Putro, Yaries Mahardika; Tarigan, Muhammad Insan; Al Asyari, Haekal
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i4.21166

Abstract

The rapid advancement of space technology and the increasing demand for natural resources have heightened interest in extraterrestrial resource extraction, particularly Helium-3 from the Moon. However, space mining is contentious in international law, as only a few nations currently have the capability to extract these resources. This raises concerns among emerging space actors, like Indonesia, about equitable benefit-sharing as outlined in the Outer Space Treaty (OST). The Moon Agreement aimed to create a legal framework for lunar resource utilization, but its effectiveness is limited due to the lack of ratification by major spacefaring nations. This situation has sparked international debate on whether current space law adequately governs space mining or if legal reform is needed to ensure fair access and sustainable development. The absence of a universally recognized regulatory regime, akin to the seabed mining framework under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), complicates the issue further. This paper uses a normative juridical method to explore the legal challenges of space mining, especially from the perspective of emerging space actors. Without a comprehensive regulatory framework, unchecked exploitation of lunar resources could lead to severe environmental consequences and exacerbate disparities in access to space resources. Legal reforms are necessary to promote sustainability and equitable participation, limiting the dominance of spacefaring nations and protecting the rights of emerging space actors in the expanding space economy.
Strengthening The Coordination Function of The Forestry Ministry: Legal Reform in The “Merah Putih” Cabinet For Modern Bereaucracy Rahmi, Elita; Fitria, Fitria; Nuriyatman, Eko; Yuwono, Teguh; Toscany, Afrizal Nehemia
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i4.22067

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate how the coordination function of the Ministry of Forestry has been strengthened following its separation from the Ministry of Environment. This separation seeks to ensure that the Ministry of Forestry does not cultivate sectoral egos that hinder forest conservation efforts in Indonesia, thereby promoting a modern bureaucracy, mutual oversight, and balanced management of forestry as a crucial and strategic government priority, especially in light of the ongoing transition of forests to non-forestry uses since the reform era. Weak coordination can significantly affect forest protection, which is inherently tied to legal and justice issues. The “Merah Putih” Cabinet is the most significant cabinet since the New Order Era through the reform era, likely resulting in numerous vertical and horizontal coordination challenges that could obstruct the effective management of various tasks, functions, and ministerial roles. This research employs a normative juridical method with legislative, conceptual, and historical perspectives. In conclusion, there is a need to evaluate internal and external strengthening among ministries. The structure of an independent forestry ministry is not adequately aligned with its responsibilities and functions in managing Indonesia’s forest resources and potential natural wealth as a prosperous nation. It is vital to assess the role of the coordinating minister overseeing the Ministry of Forestry, as placing forestry issues under the Coordinating Ministers for Food, Maritime Affairs, and Economic Affairs does not sufficiently address forestry challenges, which are more related to the laws governing the conservation of living organisms and their intact, integrated ecosystems.

Page 8 of 14 | Total Record : 133

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