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Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon
ISSN : 25482114     EISSN : 25412027     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37874/ms
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
The Medical Sains journal is a scientific publication media published by the Muhammadiyah Cirebon College of Pharmacy which is published 4 (four) times in 1 (one) year, namely January-March, April-June, July-September and October-December. The journal contains research in the field of pharmacy covering the fields of formulation, pharmacology, communication pharmacy, A natural chemical chemistry, pharmacognomy and other health sciences which is a means for lecturers and researchers in the health sector to share knowledge and establish cooperation in implementing the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. Purpose and Scope The objective of the publication of the Medical Science journal is to publish articles in the field of pharmacy and other health as well as application of pharmaceutical . Based on this, the editorial board of Medical Sains invites lecturers and researchers to contribute to submit research articles related to the following themes: 1. Pharmaceutical formulation technology 2. Pharmacology 3. Community pharmacy 4. Clinical Pharmacy 5. Natural material chemistry 6. Pharmacognosy 7. Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry . All papers submitted to medical science journals will be examined by peer review partners who are tailored to their respective fields.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 523 Documents
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE LEVEL TOWARDS THE USE OF GENERIC DRUGS IN TUPA VILLAGE, NORTH BULANGO DISTRICT, BONE BOLANGO REGENCY, GORONTALO PROVINCE, IN 2022 Abubakar, Fadlun; Yunus, Fitriah Ayu Magfirah; Hasili, Abdul Sulhadi
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 9 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v9i3.1195

Abstract

Generic drugs are medications with generic names, as defined by the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia and International Non-proprietary Names (INN) from the WHO, and they do not use trade names or manufacturer logos. Examples of these include amoxicillin and metformin. The public often perceives generic drugs to be inferior to patented drugs because of their relatively lower prices. The purpose of this study is to describe the knowledge level of the community about the use of generic drugs in Desa Tupa, Kecamatan Bulango Utara, Kabupaten Bone Bolango in 2022. This study employs a descriptive method using a quantitative approach. Data were collected through questionnaires that were distributed to 30 randomly selected respondents. A univariate analysis was conducted by creating frequency distributions to determine the community's awareness level regarding generic drugs. The survey results indicated that most residents of Desa Tupa have limited information about the use of generic drugs. The study concluded that, in terms of knowledge level about generic drugs, 30% of respondents had heard of generic drugs, 22% knew that generic drugs were named according to INN (International Non-proprietary Names), 11% understood that generic drugs are those that have expired patents, 9% recognize that generic drugs do not use brand names, and 28% are aware that generic drugs are more affordable than branded drugs.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOL, AND FLAVONOID CONTENT EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS MANGO SEEDS (Mangifera indica L.) Anjani, Ratna; Kasmawati, Henny; Yamin; Salamah, Nina
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 9 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v9i3.1196

Abstract

Antioxidants can either stop or slow down the excessive oxidation of a compound. This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolite compounds, antioxidant activity, total flavonoid and phenolic levels, and the correlation between the levels of flavonoid and phenolic compounds in inhibiting free radicals. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method was used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Determination of total flavonoid levels using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the aluminum chloride method. The total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Based on the results of phytochemical screening, mango seed extract (Mangifera indica L.) contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, and tannins. The relationship between the antioxidant activity of the DPPH method and total flavonoid levels was 91.31%, respectively. The relationship between the antioxidant activity of the DPPH method and the total phenolic content was 99.64%. Keywords: Mangifera indica L, secondary metabolites, antioxidant activity, DPPH, total flavonoids, total phenolics.
FORMULATION OF HAIR TONIC COMBINATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM LEAVES AND FRAGRANT PANDAN (Pandanus Amaryllifolius Roxb) AND ITS ACTIVITY ON HAIR GROWTH IN WHITE RATS Reski Mulia; Iis Wahyuningsih; Moch Saiful Bachri; Sri Mulyaningsih
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v9i2.1202

Abstract

Hair is the crown for everyone because hair functions aside from providing warmth, protection, beauty, and support. Hair loss that can cause baldness is one of the most serious problems for everyone. This study aimed to determine the activity of Hair Tonic combination formulations of kelor leaf ethanol extract (Moringa oleifera Lam.) and ethanol extracts of Fragrant Pandan  leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) on rat hair growth compared to single use. The method began with the maseration process of ethanol extract of kelor leaves and ethanol extract of Fragrant Pandan leaves, characterization of extracts (specific and non-specific parameters), chemical content testing of extracts and formulation of Hair Tonic preparations consisting of F1 (positive control), F2 (6% kelor leaf extract), F3 (6% ethanol pandan extract), F4 (combination of 2% kelor leaf extract with 4% ethanol pandan extract), F5 (3% kelor leaf ethanol extract and 3% ethanol pandan leaf extract), F6 (combination of 4% kelor leaf ethanol extract and 2% ethanol pandan leaf extract). The rat hair growth activity was divided into 8 groups: each rat's back was shaved to a size of 4 × 4 cm, the rats were left for 24 hours and then testing was carried out by spraying each formula, and hair growth was observed for 28 days. ...
REVIEW: THE POTENTIAL OF HERBAL PLANTS AS ANTI-ALOPECIA MEDICINES Arif Rubianto; Garnadi Jafar; Deden Indra Dinata; Jajang Japar Sodik
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v9i2.1204

Abstract

Hair loss, or alopecia, is a common dermatological condition that affects up to 2% of the world's population. It is often caused by genetic factors, such as male or female pattern baldness, but can also be attributed to various environmental factors, an imbalanced diet, or chronic illnesses. While hair loss is not life-threatening, it can lead to significant anxiety, depression, and other psychological issues, ultimately affecting one's quality of life. Various treatments for baldness, including synthetic drugs like minoxidil and finasteride, or herbal remedies, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Although synthetic drugs are effective, they may come with potential side effects. Natural remedies have been proposed as a viable option for treating baldness because many chronic disorders can lead to alopecia. Therefore, this review focuses on identifying efficient alternative treatment agents with limited side effects. Specifically, it considers medicinal plants as potential healing agents for treating baldness. To gather relevant information for this study, several databases were searched, including Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Comprehensive searches were conducted using various search terms, such as "baldness," "alopecia," "natural remedies for baldness," "herbal treatment for baldness," and others, to extract relevant scientific articles. Many medicinal plants and natural compounds have shown potential for reducing baldness, thanks to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. According to existing literature, extracts of medicinal plants and formulations derived from plants, such as Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk, Arctium lappa L., Centella asiatica L., Morinda citrifolia, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Alpinia zerumbet, ...
EFFECTIVITY TEST OF THE COMBINATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT MAHKOTA DEWA FRUIT (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) WITH METFORMIN TO LOWERING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED WISTAR WHITE RATS STRAIN Katarina Lulu Widyanti; Tanti Azizah Sujono
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v9i2.1222

Abstract

Metformin is a first-line biguanid drug for type 2 of diabetes mellitus. Metformin potentially causes liver fibrosis in long-term use, its decrease it in their effectiveness of antidiabetic. Combining metformin with antidiabetic a-glucosidase enzyme inhibitors can increase the effectiveness of metformin. Mahkota dewa fruit is a natural ingredient that has antidiabetic activity with the mechanism of action of inhibiting a-glucosidase enzyme. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of mahkota dewa fruit extract (EEMF) with metformin on the effectiveness of reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. A total of 20 rats were grouped into 4, namely, group I: given distilled water (negative control); group II: given metformin 45 mg/kgBW; group III: given EEMF 50 mg/kgBW; group IV: given a combination of metformin 45 mg/kgBW and EEMF 50 mg/kgBW. The study was conducted by determining blood glucose levels using the GOD-PAP method. The results showed that the combination of EEMF with metformin had an average decrease per day from after induction to day 7 of 42,9 mg/dL and from day 7 to day 14 of 0,45 mg/dL. It can be concluded that the combination of EEMF dose 50 mg/kgBW with metformin 45 mg/kgBW is not recommended to be used together, because the large decrease has the risk of hypoglycemia effect.  Keywords: antidiabetic, alloxan, metformin, fruit of mahkota dewa.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF BASIL LEAVES (Ocimum sanctum L.) AGAINST Propionibacterium acne BACTERIA Didin Ahidin; Didi Rohadi; Iin Indawati; Muh Yani Zamzam; Rinto Susilo; Nurcholisah; Andriana
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v9i2.1227

Abstract

Acne is a skin disease often experienced by teenagers and young adults. Basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) could be used as an alternative treatment for acne. This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolite content and antibacterial activity of Ocimum sanctum ethanol extract against Propionibacterium acne. Simplicia was extracted from basil leaves by maceration with 96% ethanol solvent. The extracts were tested for parameters, phytochemical screening, and antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method. Ocimum sanctum ethanol extract was used at concentrations of 20%, 30%, and 40%. Ocimum sanctum ethanol extract has a brownish-black color with a distinctive aromatic aroma and a bitter, slightly sour taste, with a moisture content of 5.6%, ash content of 7.71%, and drying shrinkage of 7.1%. Ocimum sanctum ethanol extract contains flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and saponins. Antibacterial activity of clindamycin 0.01% and Ocimum sanctum ethanol extract concentration of 20%, 30%, and 40% could inhibit Propionibacterium acne bacteria as much as 11.95 mm, 4.47 mm, 4.91 mm, and 6.30 mm. The antibacterial activity of the Ocimum sanctum ethanol extract was 20%. The 30% and 40% treatments differed significantly from the positive controls. The ethanol extract of basil leaves has antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne bacteria with the best antibacterial activity at a concentration of 40% as much as 6.30 mm. Keywords: Basil leaf (Ocimum sanctum L.), phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MANALAGI APPLE PEEL (Malus sylvestris Mill) SUNSCREEN SPRAY AS HALAL COSMETICS Ginanjar Putri Nastiti; Faradillah Maulida; Agisha Salwa Salsabila
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v9i2.1228

Abstract

Manalagi apple peel is known to contain flavonoid compounds that are active as photoprotectors, as well as antioxidants that can absorb UV-A and UV-B exposure and release free radicals. Apple peel has the potential to be formulated as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen, which is considered safer and less likely to irritate when applied to the peel. In this study, halal sunscreen preparations from 70% ethanol extracts of manalagi apple peel with varying concentrations of manalagi apple peel extract were 15%, 20%, and 25%. The purpose of this study was to determine the critical halal point of sunscreen spray preparation, physical characteristics (organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and spray pattern), and SPF value. The data analysis methods in this study were descriptively and quantitatively performed. Based on the results of this study, no halal critical point ingredients were used in the formulation. The physical characteristic test results of all spray sunscreen formulas met the requirements of good physical characteristics criteria, and the resulting SPF values of F1, F2, and F3 were 22.66, 26.51, and 31.22, respectively. The SPF value of the Manalagi apple peel waste sunscreen spray formula was very high (>15).    Keywords: Halal, cosmetics, manalagi apple peel, SPF, spray sunscreen
FORMULATION AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF HIGH-FAT DIET FEED FOR FATTY LIVER INDUCEMENT IN RODENT MODELS Putri Anggreini; Jutti Levita; Hadi Kuncoro; Andi Tenri Kawareng; Sri Adi Sumiwi
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v9i2.1233

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent lipid disorders worldwide. In the pursuit of drug discovery and development, animal modeling is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms underlying a disease. One form of animal model of NAFLD involves the induction of a high-fat diet (HFD). However, most HFDs exhibit complexity in the formulation, and commercial HFDs tend to be costly. This study aimed to formulate an HFD feed with minimal ingredients that are capable of inducing liver steatosis. This study commenced with the development of 4 dietary formulations (F1, F2, F3, and F4) comprising various food components with specific proportions and treatments. A proximate analysis was conducted for each formulation. Subsequently, the most promising formulation was administered to the rats for 14 days. On day 15, liver organs were harvested for histological analysis. The results showed that among the four formulations developed, HFD F4 exhibited the best physical appearance and nutritional proximate components, characterized by its stability in form and high fat (41.8%), high protein (21.5%), and low carbohydrate (23.2%) content. Histology examination revealed that two weeks of administration of F4 administration led to severe degeneration, inflammation, and necrosis in rat hepatocytes compared to the normal group (p < 0.001), thus confirming that HFD F4 may be developed as an inducer of steatosis in rats.  Keywords: experimental animal model; high-fat diet; liver steatosis ; NAFLD
FORMULATION AND EFFICACY TESTING OF SPF (Sun Protecting Factor) SUNSCREEN GEL EXTRACT OF RAMBUSA LEAVES (Passiflora Foetida L) Fauziyyah Al Hasanah; Muthi’ah Rabbaniyyah; Eni Kurniati
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v9i2.1236

Abstract

The rambusa plant contains flavonoid compounds found in rambusa leaves which are good antioxidants because they have hydroxyl groups attached to aromatic carbon rings. This makes rambusa leaves able to ward off free radicals. The choice of gel composition is based on practical considerations because gel not only provides effective protection against sunlight but also has non-sticky properties, provides a soft feel and forms a film that adheres well to the skin. This research aims to determine the flavonoid content in rambusa leaves, which are antioxidants that can be formulated into sunscreen gel preparations to help protect the skin from sunlight. Determination of antioxidant levels in sunscreen gel preparations made from rambusa leaf extract was carried out by measuring the SPF (Sun Protection Factor) value at three different concentrations, namely 2%, 4%, and 6% using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The research results showed that all formulas had good physical quality values of the gel preparations. All formulas have varying SPF values, where the 2% concentration has maximum protection with an SPF value of 11.7 and the 4% and 6% concentrations have ultra protection with SPF values of 18.8 and 33.9. The conclusion of this research is that rambusa leaf extract has the potential to be an effective natural ingredient in sunscreen preparations and shows the ability to protect the skin from sunlight, where formulation 3 only has the highest SPF number, namely 33.90 (super protection).  Keywords: Rambusa leaves, Protection, Sunscreen, SPF
REVIEW: THE ROLE OF HERBAL AS A THERAPY FOR ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: NARRATIVE REVIEW Febriana Astuti; Akrom; Rafiastiana Capritasari
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v9i2.1238

Abstract

Atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and aging are examples of cardiovascular illnesses, the pathogenesis of which is affected by endothelial dysfunction. Many patients with cardiovascular disease already use herbs or combine herbs with medications prescribed by doctors. Herbs have emerged as alternative treatments for health maintenance. Herbs are in increasing demand by patients and health professionals. An overview of the role of herbal plants, their active substances, and their mechanisms of action as therapies for endothelial dysfunction to prevent the worsening of cardiovascular disease is presented in this review. The research was carried out by reviewing published scientific papers using online sources, such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Herbs can be used as a therapy for endothelial dysfunction to prevent the worsening of cardiovascular disease through various mechanisms, including inhibition of oxidative stress through the COX-2 and NOX2 pathways, inhibition of NADPH oxidase, inhibition of ROS formation through Src/EGFR/Akt, and increasing nitric oxide (NO) production by activating eNOS. The benefits and potential of herbal plants in dysfunction therapy to prevent cardiovascular disease need to be further developed for plants that grow widely in Indonesia. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop mechanisms for other targets, such as immunomodulatory therapy, to prevent cardiovascular disease from worsening. Keywords: Herbals, Endothelial Dysfunction, Cardiovascular Disease

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