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Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon
ISSN : 25482114     EISSN : 25412027     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37874/ms
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
The Medical Sains journal is a scientific publication media published by the Muhammadiyah Cirebon College of Pharmacy which is published 4 (four) times in 1 (one) year, namely January-March, April-June, July-September and October-December. The journal contains research in the field of pharmacy covering the fields of formulation, pharmacology, communication pharmacy, A natural chemical chemistry, pharmacognomy and other health sciences which is a means for lecturers and researchers in the health sector to share knowledge and establish cooperation in implementing the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. Purpose and Scope The objective of the publication of the Medical Science journal is to publish articles in the field of pharmacy and other health as well as application of pharmaceutical . Based on this, the editorial board of Medical Sains invites lecturers and researchers to contribute to submit research articles related to the following themes: 1. Pharmaceutical formulation technology 2. Pharmacology 3. Community pharmacy 4. Clinical Pharmacy 5. Natural material chemistry 6. Pharmacognosy 7. Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry . All papers submitted to medical science journals will be examined by peer review partners who are tailored to their respective fields.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 523 Documents
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IMPROVED SOLUBILITY NOVEL MULTICOMPONENT CRYSTALS OF FENOFIBRIC ACID-ACETYLSALISYLIC ACID Anggraini, Deni; Novita, Gressy; Wulandari, Intan
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 10 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v10i1.1690

Abstract

Solubility is an important physicochemical property of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Poor water solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients leads to low bioavailability; therefore, efforts are needed to improve the solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The goal of this study was to prepare and characterize novel multicomponent crystals of fenofibric acid (FA) using acid acetylsalicylic (ACE) as a coformer and to evaluate the solubility enhancement when prepared for multicomponent crystal formation.  Solid characterization of the novel multicomponent crystals was performed using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning diffraction (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarized microscopy, and solubility tests. Multicomponent crystals were prepared by the solvent drop grinding method using a few drops of an ethanol pro analyzer. The results showed that the solubility of multicomponent crystalline fenofibric acid was 4.7 times greater than that of pure fenofibric acid. Differential Scanning Calorimetry characterization results show the novel multicomponent crystals  with a sharp endothermic peak at 136,65 oC. The PXRD diffractograms show no new diffraction peaks and a decrease  in intensity. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis showed no new functional groups, and most of the transmittance peaks of the multicomponent crystals were superimposed between the peaks of fenofibric acid and acetylsalicylic acid. The novel multicomponent crystals fenofibric acid with acetylsalicylic acid as a coformer can improve the solubility of fenofibric acid  Keywords: Acetylsalicylic acid ; Fenofibric acid ; Multicomponent crystals ; Solubility  
THE POTENTIAL OF BLACK CUMIN SEED OIL (Nigella sativa L.) AS A HALAL ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT AGAINST EXTENDED SPECTRUM ?-LACTAMASE (ESBL)-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI Tomi; Nurrosyidah, Iif Hanifa; Muzzayinah
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 10 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v10i1.1706

Abstract

Infectious diseases remain a major issue in tropical countries such as Indonesia. Infectious diseases can be caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi. Development of antibacterial agents from natural sources is essential to combat the growing issue of antibiotic resistance. One potential plant is black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) contains thymoquinone, a compound known for its antibacterial properties. In addition to thymoquinone, the essential oil of black cumin contains thymol, carvacrol, and p-cymene, along with metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of black cumin seed oil (Nigella sativa L.) against Extended Spectrum ?-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli ESBL). The antibacterial test in this study used the disc diffusion method at various concentrations, including 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. The extract was obtained by distillation, using pure water as the solvent. The test groups included a negative control, positive control using chloramphenicol, and negative control using pure water. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that the positive control produced an average inhibition zone of 25 mm, classified as susceptible, whereas the negative control showed no inhibition zone (0 mm). At 100% concentration, the inhibition zone averaged 18,67 mm, at 75% it averaged 16 mm, at 50% it averaged 11,67 mm, and at 25%, the inhibition zone averaged 6,67 mm. The three lower concentrations were categorized as resistant.  
INVENTORY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR UTILISATION BY THE COMMUNITY OF RENGEL SUB-DISTRICT, TUBAN DISTRICT Klau, Ivan Charles Seran; Ambari, Yani; Sulistiani, Vidia Dwi; Leki, Karol Giovani Battista; Oktadiana, Isma; Negara, Yohanes Adrian Kapri; Lepangkari, Jaka Seprianto
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v10i2.999

Abstract

Plant inventory is an activity aimed at documenting and classifying plant species within a specific area. This study investigated the utilization of traditional medicines in the Lengger District, Tuvan Province, focusing on the types of medicinal plants, their properties, uses, and the specific plant parts employed. A qualitative descriptive method was applied, and data were collected through observations and interviews. The sampling technique followed a snowball sampling approach, where key informants were identified based on predefined criteria, and additional informants were selected through recommendations. The findings revealed that the community in the Lengger District utilizes 54 types of medicinal plants for traditional healing practices. The conclusion of this research is that preserving traditional medicinal knowledge is very important to prevent the loss of information about the benefits and uses of medicinal plants that have been passed down from generation to generation. Further research is needed to reveal the bioactive content, effectiveness, and safety of medicinal plants so that they can be developed into scientifically based therapies. Given the community's dependence on medicinal plants, conservation efforts through sustainable cultivation and protection of natural habitats must be implemented to ensure their availability in the future and maintain ecosystem balance. Keywords: Inventory, Types of medicinal plants, Rengel District, Tuban Regency
EFFECT OF COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE (CAPB) CONCENTRATION ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF BASIL LEAVES (Ocimum basilicum L.) ESSENTIAL OIL FACIAL WASH Putri, Vania Santika; Hadi, Verawati; Nuryani, Anita Dwi; Ambarwati, Ayu
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v9i2.1115

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis or often called eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that often occurs around the face, legs and arms. Decreased skin barrier function can increase the spread of bacteria on the skin surface, especially Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to formulate facial wash preparations of basil leaf essential oil using varying concentrations of cocamydopropyl betaine (CAPB) as a surfactant and foam booster. The basil leaf essential oil facial wash was formulated into three formulas with varying concentrations of cocamydopropyl betaine (CAPB), namely F1 (8%), F2 (9%), and F3 (10%). Physical evaluation included organoleptic observations, homogeneity, pH, foam height, and viscosity. Based on the results of organoleptic and homogeneity evaluations, the three facial wash formulas are homogeneous, white in color, and have a distinctive basil smell, with an increasingly watery consistency from F1 to F3, while the pH in the range 4.97 - 5.26, the height foam test of the three formulas was 37–42 mm, and the viscosity was in the range of 2647,1 - 3516,5 cPs. Variations in the CAPB concentration used in the facial wash formulas have a significant effect on the resulting pH and viscosity values, where the higher the CAPB concentration used, the lower pH and viscosity values of the facial wash. However, an increase in CAPB concentration in the facial wash formula (8 %, 9 %, and 10 %) did not have a significant effect on the foam height of the basil leaf essential oil facial wash.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF COMBINATION OF WHITE-PURPLE Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq HERB EXTRACT AND Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni USING FRAP METHOD Faramayuda, Fahrauk; Syam, Akhirul Kahfi; Putri, Dhiffa Namira Alifia; Ismail, Nursafira Khairunnisa; Akbar, Tzazkia Febriyana; Farhan
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v10i2.1612

Abstract

Oxidative stress is caused by an increase or decrease in the antioxidant defense activity. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq and Stevia are two plants that contain antioxidant compounds and can bind free radical compounds. The combination of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq and Stevia was expected to increase antioxidant activity. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of a combination of the Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq white-purple variety and Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni extract. Antioxidant activity was tested using the FRAP method with a UV-visible spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 710 nm. The results of phytochemical screening showed that both plant extracts and dry material contained secondary metabolite compounds, including flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, quinones, steroid-triterpenoids, and monoterpenes-sesquiterpenes. A qualitative test relating to antioxidants using TLC showed positive antioxidant activity, which was proven by the presence of green or blue light on the TLC plates. This was due to electron transfer in the compound, which reduced Fe3+ to Fe2+. On the other hand, quantitative measurements using the FRAP method showed the antioxidant capacity values consecutively, F1 combination extract (1:1) of 43.725 mg of QE/g extract, F2 combination extract (2:1) of 57.963 mg of QE/g extract, and combination extract of F3 (3:1) of 64.849 mg of QE/g extract. The extract combination of F3 showed the best formula, with a value of 64.849 mg QE/g extract.  Keywords: Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq, Stevia, antioxidants, FRAP
OPTIMIZING STRESS ULCER PROPHYLAXIS: A CLINICAL AND COST EVALUATION IN RSUD WATES INTERNAL MEDICINE WARD Octavia, Mega; Firmansyah, Ade Achmad; Hadning, Ingenida
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v10i2.1637

Abstract

The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) 1999 listed guidelines for providing stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) therapy as the standard of care for critical patients in the ICU. However, numerous studies have shown that most patients admitted to non-intensive care units continue to receive acid suppressant prescriptions, without appropriate indications or risk factors. This can lead to increased morbidity and increased patient care costs. This study aimed to determine the utilization profile of stress ulcer prophylaxis, its appropriateness, and the costs incurred by patients for SUP. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design based on medical records. The study participants were inpatients from the Internal Medicine Polyclinic at Wates Hospital who met the inclusion criteria from January to December 2021. The study revealed that the H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA), proton pump inhibitor (PPI), sucralfate, and antacid groups received 57.9 %, 35.7%, 6.1%, and 0.3% of preventive drugs, respectively. Of the 215 patients, 76 received appropriate indications, whereas 139 received inappropriate indications based on the guidelines. During the study period, the cost of using stress ulcer prophylaxis for patients with appropriate indications was IDR 15,344,812 (76%), whereas the cost of using inappropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis was IDR 5,965,572 (28%) of the total cost. Factors such as the length of stay (LOS), type and cost of each medication, and frequency of medication administration can influence the high cost of inappropriately indicated patients. Keywords: Stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP), inpatients at Wates Hospital, therapy evaluation, cost analysis
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GOLDEN SEA CUCUMBER (STICHOPUS HERRMANNI) ORAL SUSPENSION Fauzi, Ahmad; Santoso, Broto; Hidayatullah, Muhammad Haqqi; Zafarani Azzuhra, Alifia; Ahsaninnisa, Azizah
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v10i2.1683

Abstract

The Golden Sea Cucumber (Stichopus herrmanni) is widely recognized for its high protein and collagen content, making it valuable for medicinal applications, such as wound healing and tissue regeneration. The present study focused on formulating an oral suspension of sea cucumber extract, assessing its stability, and determining its protein content. Extraction was performed using a boiling method with distilled water to yield a protein-rich extract, which was then formulated into four suspension formulas (Formula 1, 2, 3, and 4) using pharmaceutical-grade excipients, including sorbitol, sodium CMC, and sodium benzoate. Protein quantification was conducted using the Biuret method with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a standard and analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Stability testing over 1, 3, and 6 months was used to evaluate pH, viscosity, and sensory characteristics (odor, color, and taste). Among the four formulations, formula 4 demonstrated the highest stability, maintaining optimal homogeneity, sensory attributes, and pH, along with the highest protein concentration (8.10 mg/mL. These results highlight Formula 4 as the most promising because of its superior stability and protein content. This study underscores the challenges of long-term stability in protein-based suspensions, suggesting the need for further research into advanced excipient selection and encapsulation techniques to protect sensitive proteins. Overall, this research supports the potential use of marine-derived bioactive compounds in pharmaceutical applications, paving the way for sustainable healthcare and cosmetic products. Keywords: golden sea cucumber, Stichopus herrmanni, oral suspension formulation, stability test
SYNTHESIS OF DIHYDROPYRIMIDINONE DERIVATIVES AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY TEST AGAINST T47D CANCER CELLS Hakimah, Wafiq Kholifatul; Fauzi, Ahmad; Ramadhan, Muhammad Reza; Maulina, Fariha Mufidah
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v10i2.1693

Abstract

Dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM) derivatives are heterocyclic compounds known for a variety of biological activities including anticancer properties. The Mitsunobu reaction was used in this study to synthesize a new DHPM derivative, ethyl 4-(4-isopropoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (compound B2), and assess its cytotoxic activity against T47D breast cancer cells. Compound B2 was synthesized from ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (compound M1) using multicomponent reactions (MCR) and the Mitsunobu reaction with isopropyl alcohol as the pronucleophile. Compound B2 was characterized using melting point test, FTIR and LC-MS spectroscopy, which confirmed its structure, functional groups, and molecular weight of 334.13 g/mol. MTT assay was used to evaluate cytotoxic activity. Compound B2 had an IC50 value of 205.71 µg/mL, indicating weak cytotoxicity, whereas doxorubicin had an IC50 value of 3.33 µg/mL. Despite the low cytotoxicity of compound B2, this synthesis sheds light on the development of DHPM derivatives with potential anticancer properties. The results showed that the Mitsunobu reaction is useful for modifying DHPM derivatives and highlights the need for further optimization to improve cytotoxic potency. Keywords: Dihydropyrimidinone, Mitsunobu, Cytotoxicity, T47D
ARTICLE REVIEW: EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINATION OF PLANT EXTRACTS AS ALTERNATIVE HYPERTENSION THERAPY Almasih, Royan; Hasimun, Patonah; Solihah, Nurlaella
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v10i2.1704

Abstract

Hypertension is a global health problem requiring effective and safe management. Conventional therapies often face challenges, such as drug resistance, side effects, and patient non-compliance, increasing the need for alternative therapies. This article aims to review the effectiveness of plant extract combinations as antihypertensive therapies. This study used a literature review approach to studies published in the last 10 years, focusing on the mechanism of action, effectiveness, and synergistic potential of plant combinations. The results showed that combinations such as Anredera cordifolia (ten.) v. Steenis and Sonchus arvensis L. provided a decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 27.95 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 33.89 mmHg, approaching the effectiveness of standard drugs such as valsartan. The main mechanisms include the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), vasodilation through the release of nitric oxide (NO), and diuretic effects. The combination of plant extracts shows potential as a safe and effective alternative; however, further clinical trials are needed to strengthen these findings. Keywords: Combination of Plant Extracts, Antihypertensive, Alternative Therapy.
SYNTHESIS OF n-OCTYL CINNAMATE USING DCC COUPLING REAGENT ASSISTED BY ULTRASONIC WAVE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TESTS Devianti, Ananda Endah; Wildan, Achmad; Hanhadyanaputri, Eka Susanti
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v10i2.1714

Abstract

n-Octyl cinnamate is a cinnamic acid derivative that can be synthesized by an esterification reaction between cinnamic acid and n-octanol with the addition of a DCC coupling reagent (N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide), which is varied into three concentrations equivalent to 1:0.5, 1:0.75, and 1:1 moles of cinnamic acid. Ultrasonic waves assisted in the synthesis of n-octyl cinnamate at 2-8°C for 4 hours. The obtained n-octyl cinnamate was characterized by its organoleptic properties, solubility, melting point, TLC, FTIR-ATR, GC-MS, and antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH assay. In the results, n-octyl cinnamate was obtained using DCC coupling reagent in 11.85; 14.83; and 35.83 % yields, respectively. This ester dissolves in methanol, ethanol, chloroform, ether, and n-hexane but is insoluble in water. It had a melting point range of 151.4-157.8 ºC. TLC shows that this ester has a different Rf value from that of the reactant. The FTIR spectrum showed suitable bonds with n-octyl cinnamate, as can be seen from its aromatic bands (C=C and C-H), which are characterized by the stretching of C=O and C-O bonds, aliphatic C=C, and aliphatic C-H absorptions. The results from the GC-MS analysis of the targeted compound appeared at 17.184 minutes with a 44.74% purity rate using synthesized n-ocytl cinnamate with the addition of 0,75 equivalent of DCC. The antioxidant activity test using the DPPH assay showed an IC50 value of 93.3375 ppm, indicating strong antioxidant activity. Keywords : antioxidant, esterification, ultrasonic wave, N,N?-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide,  n-octyl cinnamate

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