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Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian
Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
ISSN : 20884559     EISSN : 24770256     DOI : 10.12928
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmaciana is a scientific journal published by the University of Ahmad Dahlan worked closely with Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (IAI). Pharmaciana published three times a year, namely March, July and November. with ISSN 2088-4559 and e-ISSN 2477-0256. The article published in the Journal Pharmaciana selected by editors and reviewed by the reviewer. Articles published in Pharmaciana must not be published in other journals or have been previously published. Pharmaciana is indexed in google scholar, ACI (Asean Citation Index), Dimension (Crossreff), Garuda, Sinta, Sherpa Romeo, Index Copernicus International, DOAJ, and BASE. Pharmaciana is accredited by DIKTI (DGHE) of Indonesia No. 105/E/KPT/2022 April 07, 2022
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 760 Documents
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Analysis of pharmaceutical technical staff needs at hospital X in Bandung using the WISN method Elaine, Angela Alysia; Wicaksono, Imam Adi
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i3.28229

Abstract

One of the essential and inseparable health services in hospitals is pharmaceutical services. Pharmaceutical services in hospitals are carried out by the Hospital Pharmacy Installation (Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit / IFRS). The implementation of pharmaceutical services in hospitals must be supported by adequate, skilled, and competent human resources so that pharmaceutical service activities can run well and are high quality for patients. The lack of human resources for pharmaceutical services will result in excessive workload and reduced quality of pharmaceutical services. One method widely used to determine the number of staff needs is the Workload Indicators of Staffing Needs (WISN). Analysis of the need for pharmaceutical technical staff at Hospital X in Bandung City was carried out using the WISN method. The data used for the analysis were obtained from interviews, observations, and data collection on pharmaceutical services from the pharmacy installation of the Hospital X. The results of the WISN analysis showed that the need for pharmaceutical technical personnel for central pharmacy installations providing outpatient and inpatient services is 87 people, the total need for the emergency room pharmacy satellite is 6 people, the operating room pharmacy satellite is 6 people, and the pharmacy warehouse is 3 people. From the results of WISN ratio, the number of pharmaceutical technical staff available for the central pharmacy installation, emergency room pharmacy satellite, and operating room pharmacy satellite are still inadequate for the existing workload (WISN ratio < 1). In contrast, for the pharmaceutical warehouse, it is adequate (WISN ratio = 1). Therefore, Hospital X needs to consider adding existing pharmaceutical technical staff to support more optimal pharmaceutical services at the hospital.
In vitro and in vivo anti-hyperglycemia effects of extract of Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) leaves Andrestia Dias, Velia; Celine Dinanda, Laurenza; Conrad Rambung, Charles; Dewi Puspitasari Tirtaningtyas Gunawan Puteri, Maria; Julianus, Jeffry; Hendra, Phebe
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i3.28263

Abstract

Despite the availability of various conventional treatments, diabetes mellitus remains a serious global health concern with an increasing prevalence. This trend underscores the need to explore potential natural alternatives. Faloak, an indigenous plant of Indonesia, has been traditionally used for various health conditions, yet its potential as an anti-hyperglycemic agent has not been comprehensively investigated. This research focused on identifying the ingredients of Faloak leaves that could lower blood sugar levels and confirm these effects in laboratory and animal models. At various concentrations, the in vitro evaluation assessed the inhibitory effect of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. For in vivo evaluation, male mice were administered glucose, sucrose, and starch after being pretreated with Faloak leaf extract, and their blood glucose levels were monitored for 120 min. Faloak leaf extract demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The IC50 values for sucrose and maltose inhibition were 30.37 and 65.36 mg/mL, respectively, while α-amylase inhibition showed an IC50 of 27.02 mg/mL. In the in vivo test, mice pretreated with the extract exhibited significantly decreased blood glucose levels at 120 min compared to the control group. These findings indicate that the ethanolic extract of Faloak leaves possesses promising anti-hyperglycemic activities, positioning it as a potential candidate for developing plant-based blood glucose management. Our results demonstrate that Faloak leaf extract exhibits substantial anti-hyperglycemic properties, inhibiting vital digestive enzymes and effectively reducing postprandial glucose levels. Identifying active ingredients paves the way for further research to elucidate specific bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action
Enterobacter hormaechei: an endophytic bacterium found in Avocado Peel (Persea americana Mill.) with antioxidant properties Rustini, Rustini; Rahmi, Khalila Rahmi; Putra, Purnawan Pontana; Andayani, Regina Andayani; Dwinatrana, Khiky
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i3.28432

Abstract

Avocado peels (AVP) are renowned for their potent antioxidant properties, making them highly effective in preventing oxidation and free radical formation. Endophytes, microorganisms residing within plant tissues, have demonstrated the ability to produce novel compounds with remarkable biological activities. These bioactive compounds are sometimes even more potent than those found in their host plants. This study explores the potential of endophytes from avocado peels as rich sources of antioxidant compounds. AVP samples are collected, surface-sterilized, and segmented before being cultured in growth media. The bacteria are then isolated, purified, and subjected to ethyl acetate extraction to evaluate their antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) microassay. Samples demonstrating favorable antioxidant properties undergo molecular identification through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four bacterial strains are successfully isolated, with only the APK4 strain exhibiting significant antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 302.3 μg/mL. Molecular analysis and phylogenetic tree construction reveal that APK4 is closely related to the Enterobacter hormaechei species, with a percent identity value of 99.93%. These findings highlight the potential of active metabolites from endophytic bacteria in AVP extracts as promising lead compounds for the development of novel drugs, nutraceuticals, and cosmetic ingredients.
The redox titration of Fe (II) ions with K2Cr2O7 using a potentiometry method the effect of EDTA and SCN- ligands Herlina, Herlina; Razali, Muhammad
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i3.28638

Abstract

Complexometric titration is often used for determining the metal content, either through direct titration or back titration. This study aimed to investigate redox titration between Mohr salt solutions and potassium dichromate in an acidic atmosphere in the pH range 2. The results showed that the reaction proceeded effectively at pH 2, with Mohr's salt solution acting as titrant. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to compare the effectiveness of EDTA ligands and SCN- ligands in improving the sharpness of the Fe2+/ Cr2O72- redox titration curve at pH 2. Results show that EDTA ligands are more effective than SCN- ligands in improving the sharpness of the titration curve. However, it should be noted that the addition of EDTA ligands can shift the equivalent point volume earlier, so adjustments need to be made in redox titration analysis. Research has also shown that adding excess moles of EDTA to total Fe (II) ions can decrease redox potential in Fe2+/ Cr2O72- systems. These results provide additional insight into the use of EDTA ligands in redox titration analysis and their relevance to redox potential changes in the systems studied.
Optimization of self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system of rifampicin for nebulization using cinnamon oil as oil phase Ricardo, I Komang Aan Adi; Arimurni, Dewa Ayu
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i3.28892

Abstract

Lung delivery can overcome the problems related to the effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment by increasing the drug concentration at the target site. Rifampicin as the first-line antibiotic for tuberculosis has low water solubility and is unstable in gastric which hinders its effectiveness. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is a strategy known to improve the solubility and stability of such drugs. This study aimed to obtain the optimum formula of rifampicin SNEDDS intended for lung nebulization using essential oil as an oil phase. Several essential oils are known to have effective antibacterial on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, a high capability to solubilize the drug is required for SNEDDS formulation. Cinnamon oil, tween 80, and transcutol P were chosen as SNEDDS components for optimization using a D-optimal mixture based on the physicochemical characteristics. The optimum formula comprised 12.65% cinnamon oil, 75.00% tween 80, and 12.35% transcutol P which dispersed easily to form a highly transparent emulsion in normal saline under 1 minute. Upon dilution with saline, the optimal SNEDDS can produce a homogenous nanometer droplet (169.2±19.771 nm, PDI of 0.258±0.070) with acceptable pH for lung administration. It also has a viscosity similar to water (0.94±0.01 cP) which allows it to be nebulized easily (aerosol output rate of 0.14±0.02 g/min). Although the diluted SNEDDS has a zeta potential of -2.533±0.268 mV, it was stable for up to 4 hours during the nebulization. These results indicate the potential of cinnamon oil-based rifampicin SNEDDS to be an alternative in the pulmonary delivery of rifampicin via nebulization.
Development of standardized green coffee bean extract (Coffea canephora) into effervescent granules as an antioxidant supplement Wijaya, Andre; Darsono, Farida Lanawati; Foe, Kuncoro
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i3.29237

Abstract

This study aimed to obtain the optimum formula of effervescent granules of green coffee extract (EG-GCE) on its physical quality (flow speed, water content, and dissolving granule time test) and effectiveness as an antioxidant. The dried extract was obtained by percolation of green coffee with water and dried using a spray drier. The dry extract will be standardized for specific and non-specific. The dose of the dried extract of green coffee used in the granule effervescent was 250 mg pr sachet. EG-GCE was formulated using wet granulation method. Effervescent granules were tested for physical quality (organoleptic, pH, moisture content, flow properties, and dissolving effervescent granule time test) and effectiveness, consisting of antioxidant activity (IC50) with the DPPH method using the microplate reader. The optimum effervescent granule formula was obtained using the factorial design method. The factors used were citric acid monohydrate with a level of (-1) 8% and a level of (+1) 12%, and tartaric acid with a level of (-1) 16%and a level of (+1) 24%. The determination of the optimum formula (proportion of citric acid monohydrate and tartaric acid) was carried out by factorial design method using the following responses: moisture content, flow rate, and dissolving effervescent granule time test. Furthermore, the One Way Anova (Yate's Treatment) statistical method will analyze data from parametric experiments between batches and between formulas. If there is a significant difference in the statistical analysis between the formulas, then the test is continued using the Tukey post-hoc test method. The pH value of resulting EG-GCE products was within the range of 5.46-6.07, moisture content: 3.12-3.67%, flow rate: 25.78-28.53 g/s, angle of repose: 25.65-30.130, Hausner ratio: 1.14-1.22, Carr's index: 12.50–17.83%, dissolving effervescent granule time test: 1.00-1.33 min. This study demonstrated that citric acid monohydrate, tartaric acid, and their interaction affected the moisture content, flow rate, and effervescent time of EG-GCE. The proportion of citric acid monohydrate (9.94%) and tartaric acid (17.46%) was found to be the optimum formula of EG-GCE, with the following responses: moisture content 3.26%, flow rate 25.72 g/s, and dissolving effervescent granule time test 1.19 min. The optimum formula show strong antioxidant activity with IC50 free of radical scavenging 56.56 ± 0.97 µg/ml.
Phytochemical constituent, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Black Soybean (Glycine soja (L.) Merr.) ethanol extract Sutjiatmo, Afifah Bambang; Narvikasari, Suci; Solihat, Ananda Khairunisa; Widowati, Wahyu; Kusuma, Hanna Sari Widya; Zahiroh, Fadhilah Haifa
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i3.29919

Abstract

Diabetes is characterized as a hyperglycemic condition impacted by β-cell dysfunction and insulin deficiency. Black soybean (Glycine soja (L.) Merr.) is widely known as an origin of nutritious food that has shown activities in preventing cardiovascular disease and reducing hyperglycemia. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of black soybeans ethanol extract (BSEE) as an α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity inhibitor. Black soybean seeds were extracted using the Soxhlet method with 50% ethanol as a solvent. The extract Soybean seeds were screened for the presence of phytochemicals. Inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was tested in vitro with acarbose as a control. The absorbance measurement was conducted at 565 nm and 400 nm, respectively. BSEE contained alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, quinones, tannins, and terpenoids. The results indicated that BSEE exhibited a weak inhibitory effect of α-amylase enzyme activity, with an IC50 value of 360.37 ± 20.80 µg/ml, in contrast to acarbose, which showed a significantly lower IC50 of 4.02 ± 0.56 µg/ml. Meanwhile, BSEE was classified as an active inhibitor of α-glucosidase enzyme activity, presenting 25.67 ± 0.27 µg/mL IC50 value, while acarbose demonstrated 10.85 ± 0.5 µg/mL IC50 value. In conclusion, BSEE inhibits α-amylase and α-glucosidase.
Nicotine-free vape liquids containing essential oils of peppermint, lavender, and tangerine: safety and efficacy profiles Prasetya, Rahmad Aji; Arifiyana, Djamilah; Syulthoni, Zain Budi
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i3.30005

Abstract

Despite low nicotine levels, cigarettes and vape liquids can cause addiction, which makes quitting smoking difficult owing to withdrawal syndrome. Hence, we created a nicotine-free liquid vape using essential oils (EOs) like peppermint (Mentha piperita), lavender (Lavandula latifolia), and tangerine (Citrus reticulata) to substitute the nicotine in inducing relaxation without addiction. Thus, this study aimed to examine (1) the safety profile of this nicotine-free liquid vape by observing chemical characteristics using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and (2) its efficacy in reducing short-term anxiety in healthy volunteers who had previously used nicotine vape. The most complicated vape liquid formula (F4), containing propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, with those three EOs, was injected into GC-MS, and the mass spectra were compared to the Wiley mass spectral library to identify the compound name. For the efficacy test, subjects who met inclusion criteria and fulfilled informed consent were randomly assigned to five groups (four groups received test liquids formula (F1-F4) while one group received placebo). Before and after using the vape liquid, subjects were asked to complete the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire to assess its anxiety-reduction effects. The result showed that nicotine-free vape liquids containing three EOs did not show any foreign substances that had never been encountered before, which means our product is safer than nicotine-containing vape liquids. This safety was also supported by all study subjects who did not report any adverse effects. The efficacy test showed that subjects who used vape liquids with essential oils (F1-F4) experienced a significant decrease in heart rate and systolic blood pressure. At the same time, 50% had a lower post-test STAI score, indicating a decrease in anxiety, although it was not statistically significant.
Application of vegetable oils as pharmaceutical ingredient: the impact of liquid lipid type on the characteristics of nanostructured lipid carrier Binarjo, Annas; Ernidawati; Khotimah, Khusnul; Wahyuningsih, Iis; Efiana, Nuri Ari
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i3.30281

Abstract

Recently, drug encapsulation using a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) has gained attention in formulation studies due to its high loading capacity and prevent drug expulsion during storage. Drug loading capacity is mainly affected by lipid type and composition, especially liquid lipids. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the potential of avocado oil as a liquid lipid of NLC replacing pure oleic acid. All components including oil, glyceryl monostearate, Tween 20®, and Span 60® were processed to NLC by solvent injection method. The colloidal characteristics of NLC dispersion in water and 20 mM PBS pH 7 were determined, including transmittance, particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, loading capacity (LC), and loading efficiency (LE) of capsanthin in NLC. The results showed that NLC containing oleic acid (Fola) and avocado oil (Favo) dispersion in PBS exhibited a similar transmittance and zeta potential of 69-74% and -51 to -58 mV, respectively, whereas the particle size and size distribution of Favo were significantly higher than Fola. Moreover, the 1.3-fold higher LC and LE of Favo compared to Fola was insignificant (p>0.05).   Additionally, the Tween 20® and Span 60® ratio of Favo should be improved to obtain an ideal particle size and size distribution as in Fola.  In conclusion, avocado oil indicated the potential to be utilized as a liquid lipid of NLC formulation regarding zeta potential and drug loading. However, the surfactant composition should be adjusted to reduce the particle size of the NLC, leading to permeability enhancement in delivery, particularly oral administration.
Impact of Black Garlic extract on cardio-renal protection in hypertensive animal models Hasimun, Patonah; Putra, Hendra Mahakam; Choerunnisa , Fitriani
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i1.24513

Abstract

A strong link exists between arterial stiffening and cardiovascular conditions, particularly hypertension. Hypertension, a significant contributor to mortality rates, particularly affects elderly populations. The processed form of Allium sativum, known as black garlic, is renowned for its medicinal properties, including its ability to lower blood pressure. This study examined the blood pressure-lowering effects of black garlic extract, employing male Wistar rats aged two to three months.The experiment involved six distinct rat groups, each comprising of four animals. The two groups served as controls, whereas the remaining four underwent different treatments. Captopril was administered to one group at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, whilst the remaining three groups were given black garlic extract as BG50, BG100, and BG200. All groups, with the exception of the control normal, underwent a 28-day induction protocol that included 25% fructose in drinking water, cholesterol (200 mg/kg), and propylthiouracil (12.5 mg/kg). The test substances were administered starting on day 14 concurrently with the induction phase. The evaluated parameters included blood pressure, arterial stiffness, nitric oxide (NO) levels, and renal histopathology. Black garlic extract significantly lowered blood pressure, enhanced arterial elasticity, and increased NO levels (p < 0.05) compared with the controls. Renal histopathological analysis revealed protective effects, suggesting prevention of kidney damage. These findings suggest that black garlic may have cardiorenal protective effects and could be useful for managing hypertension and arterial stiffness.

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