Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Effectiveness of Clozapine and Its Potential Drug-Drug Interactions in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Study in Referral Psychiatric Hospital Puspita, Salma Fajar; Salsabila, Rifa; Dewi, Wahyu Ratna; Dwi Ananda Ningrum, Vitarani
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.23111

ABSTRAK Penelitian terkait efektivitas klozapin pada populasi Asia, baik sebagai monoterapi atau kombinasi, masih sangat terbatas. Selain itu, potensi interaksi antar-obat sering dijumpai pada pasien skizofrenia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respon terapeutik klozapin dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya, serta interaksi obat-obat yang bersifat potensial. Penelitian cross-sectional retrospektif ini menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medik pasien di rumah sakit jiwa rujukan di Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square atau Fisher’s exact dengan SPSS versi 23. Studi melibatkan 149 pasien skizofrenia dengan mayoritas laki-laki dan terdiagnosis undifferentiated schizophrenia. Sebanyak 89,93% pasien mengalami perbaikan gejala klinis, sesuai yang dinyatakan dokter pada rekam medik, baik pada penggunaan klozapin tunggal maupun kombinasi terutama dengan risperidon. Respon terapeutik klozapin dipengaruhi secara signifikan hanya oleh usia (p<0,05). Sementara itu, interaksi obat potensial dengan klozapin berkategori mayor ditemukan pada 8,1% pasien. Penggunaan bersama risperidon diidentifikasi sebagai interaksi obat mayor terbanyak (79,25%) yang berisiko menimbulkan permasalahan kardiovaskular atau pernapasan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan studi prospektif dengan penilaian efektivitas klozapin menggunakan PANSS-ES maupun dampak klinis interaksi obatnya. Kata Kunci: Klozapin, Skzofrenia, Efektivitas, Faktor Yang Memengaruhi, Interaksi Obat-Obat Studies on clozapine effectiveness among Asian populations, either as monotherapy or in combination, are quite limited. In addition, potential drug-drug interactions (DDI) are common in schizophrenic patients. This study aimed to analyze the therapeutic response to clozapine, its influencing factors, and the potential DDI. A cross-sectional study design retrospectively collected secondary data from medication records at the referral psychiatric hospitals in Central Java, Indonesia. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test in SPSS version 23. This study included 149 patients, predominantly male, who were diagnosed with undifferentiated schizophrenia. As many as 89.93% of patients experienced symptom improvement, as stated by the physician in the medical record, either as monotherapy or in combination, especially with risperidone. The therapeutic response to clozapine was significantly influenced only by age (p<0.05). Meanwhile, potential major drug interactions were found in 8.1% of patients. The combined use of clozapine with risperidone has been identified as having the most significant risk for drug interactions (79.25%), which can lead to cardiovascular or respiratory problems. This study recommends conducting prospective studies on the effectiveness of clozapine using the PANSS-ES scale and examine the clinical impact of the drug interactions.

Cytotoxicity and Pro-Apoptotic Effect of Dichloromethane Fraction of Nauclea subdita Stem Bark on HepG2 Liver Cancer Cell Modeling Nabila, Chesya; Masriani, Masriani; Muharini, Rini
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.22330

Kanker hati merupakan salah satu jenis kanker dengan angka kejadian dan kematian yang tinggi di dunia, sehingga penemuan antikanker baru yang aman dan efektif menjadi sangat penting. Nauclea subdita, yang dikenal sebagai bengkal telah digunakan secara tradisional oleh masyarakat Kalimantan untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan bengkal berpotensi sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sitotoksisitas, induksi apoptosis, dan penghambatan siklus sel dari fraksi kulit batang dan daun bengkal (Nauclea subdita) terhadap sel kanker hati HepG2. Uji sitotoksisitas dilakukan menggunakan metode MTT, induksi apoptosis dianalisis menggunakan Annexin V-FITC/PI dengan flow cytometry, dan penghambatan siklus sel menggunakan pewarna RNase/PI kit juga dengan flow cytometry. Hasil uji sitotoksisitas menunjukkan bahwa fraksi DCM pH 3 kulit batang N. subdita memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik paling tinggi dibandingkan fraksi lainnya, dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 182,49 ±22,99µg/mL dengan indeks selektivitas 0,80 ± 22,9. Fraksi DCM pH 3 tidak menyebabkan penghambatan siklus sel, namun pada konsentrasi IC50 mampu menginduksi apoptosis pada sel HepG2 dengan persentase apoptosis total sebesar 51,5%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kulit batang bengkal berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber antikanker baru. Kata Kunci: Sitotoksisitas, Nauclea subdita, HepG2, Apoptosis, Siklus Sel ABSTRACT Liver cancer is one of the cancer types with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide, making the discovery of new, safe, and effective anticancer agents critically important. Nauclea subdita, known as bengkal, has been traditionally used by the people of Kalimantan to treat various diseases. Previous studies have indicated that bengkal possesses anticancer potential. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle inhibition of stem bark and leaf fractions of Nauclea subdita against HepG2 liver cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay, apoptosis induction was analyzed with Annexin V-FITC/PI via flow cytometry, and cell cycle inhibition was evaluated using the RNase/PI kit, also by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity test results showed that the DCM pH 3 fraction of N. subdita stem bark exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity compared to other fractions, with an IC50 value of 182.49 ±22.99 µg/mL and a selectivity index of 0.80 ± 22.9. The DCM pH 3 fraction did not cause cell cycle arrest, but at the IC50 concentration, it was able to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells with a total apoptosis percentage of 51.5%. These findings suggest that bengkal stem bark has potential to be developed as a novel source of anticancer agents.

Efek Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) dan Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) terhadap Ekspresi Gen eNOS pada Jaringan Hati Tikus Obes Sulaeman, Agus; Agustian, Salim; Susilawati, Elis; Muhsinin, Soni; Kaniawati, Marita; Feliana, Marita
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.23813

Obesitas adalah kondisi patologis akibat akumulasi lemak berlebih yang meningkatkan risiko gangguan metabolik, termasuk disfungsi endotel yang ditandai oleh penurunan produksi Nitric Oxide (NO) sintesis oleh enzim Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efek kombinasi ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) dan daun pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) terhadap kadar NO serum dan ekspresi gen eNOS pada jaringan hati tikus obesitas. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan tikus jantan yang diinduksi obesitas dengan pakan tinggi lemak dan karbohidrat selama 60 hari. Tikus dibagi enam kelompok: normal (kontrol negative), obesitas (kontrol positif), pembanding orlistat 10,8 mg/kgBB, ekstrak kunyit 200 mg/kgBB, ekstrak pegagan 20 mg/kgBB, dan kombinasi kunyit-pegagan 200:100 mg/kgBB. Parameter yang diukur meliputi berat badan, kadar NO serum (metode Griess), ekspresi gen eNOS (qPCR), kadar SGOT dan SGPT. Hasil menunjukkan kombinasi ekstrak secara signifikan menurunkan berat badan dan meningkatkan kadar NO dibandingkan kelompok obesitas (p < 0,05), meningkatkan ekspresi gen eNOS serta secara (p< 0,05) signifikan menurunkan kadar SGOT dan SGPT . Penelitian ini mengindikasikan potensi kombinasi ekstrak kunyit dan pegagan sebagai agen preventif disfungsi endotel pada obesitas melalui peningkatan produksi NO dan regulasi ekspresi gen eNOS serta berperan sebagai hepatoprotektor. Kata Kunci: Ekstrak Kunyit, Ekstrak Pegagan, Ekspresi Gen eNOS, Jaringan Hati, Obesitas Obesity is a pathological condition caused by excessive fat accumulation that increases the risk of metabolic disorders, including endothelial dysfunction characterized by decreased Nitric Oxide (NO) synthesis by the enzyme Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS). This study aims to evaluate the effects of a combination of ethanol extracts of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) and gotu kola leaves (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) on serum NO levels and eNOS gene expression in the liver tissue of obese rats. This experimental study used male rats induced to become obese with a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet for 60 days. The rats were divided into six groups: normal (negative control), obese (positive control), orlistat 10.8 mg/kgBW, turmeric extract 200 mg/kgBW, gotu kola extract 20 mg/kgBW, and turmeric-gotu kola combination 200:100 mg/kgBW. The measured parameters included body weight, serum NO levels (Griess method), eNOS gene expression (qPCR), SGOT and SGPT levels. The results showed that the combination of extracts significantly reduced body weight and increased NO levels compared to the obesity group (p < 0.05), increased eNOS gene expression, and significantly (p < 0.05) decreased SGOT and SGPT levels. This study indicates the potential of the combination of turmeric and pegagan extracts as a preventive agent for endothelial dysfunction in obesity through the enhancement of NO production and regulation of eNOS gene expression as well as acting as a hepatoprotector.

Comparison Of HbA1c Levels in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients Receiving A Combination of Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs and Insulin Degludec-Aspart Versus Insulin Degludec-Aspart Monotherapy Wati, Helmina; Ramadhani, Syahrizal; Sandi, Dita Ayulia Dwi; Rusida, Esty Restiana; Raffyqurrahman, Muhammad
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.22242

Diabetes melitus tipe II merupakan penyakit kelebihan glukosa yang disebabkan oleh menurunnya kinerja insulin dalam tubuh. Kriteria utama dalam manajemen glukosa darah adalah kadar HbA1c. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi perbedaan kadar HbA1c pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe II yang mendapatkan terapi kombinasi obat hipoglikemik oral dan insulin degludec-aspart dibandingkan dengan pasien yang menerima monoterapi insulin degludec-aspart. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu cross-sectional secara retrospektif pada bulan Januari-Desember 2023 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 66 pasien yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Nilai HbA1c yang diperoleh dari bulan pertama hingga bulan ketiga dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan independent sample t-test dengan uji SPSS versi 21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan kadar HbA1c pada kombinasi terapi obat hipoglikemik oral + insulin degludec-aspart sebelum dan sesudah dengan selisih nilai ± SD sebesar (1,565 ± 1,10)% dan penurunan nilai HbA1c ± SD pada monoterapi insulin degludec-aspart sebelum dan sesudah dengan selisih nilai (1,05 ± 0,74)% dengan nilai p (<0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan penurunan nilai HbA1c pada kedua kelompok dengan nilai p (<0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kombinasi oral lebih efektif daripada monoterapi. Kata Kunci: Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II, HbA1c, Insulin Degludec-Aspart, Obat Hipoglikemik Oral, Kombinasi Terapi. Type II diabetes mellitus is a condition marked by hyperglycemia due to reduced effectiveness of insulin within the body.The main criterion in blood glucose management is HbA1c level. The objective of this research was to assess the difference in HbA1c levels between type 2 diabetes patients treated with a combination of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin degludec-aspart versus insulin degludec-aspart alone. This research method uses a retrospective cross-sectional research design in January-December 2023 with a total sample of 66 patients divided into 2 groups. HbA1c values collected from the first to the third month were analyzed using the independent sample t-test in SPSS version 21. The Medical Research Ethics Commission of Ulin Banjarmasin Regional General Hospital South Kalimantan has approved this study. HbA1c levels in the combination of oral hypoglycemic drug therapy and insulin degludec-aspart pre- and post- with a difference in ± SD value of (1.565 ± 1.10)% decrease and a decrease in HbA1c ± SD value in insulin degludec-aspart mono-therapy pre- and post- with a difference in value (1.05 ± 0.74)% with a p-value (<0.05).This study concludes that the reduction in HbA1c levels between the two groups differs significantly, as indicated by a p-value of less than 0.05. This implies that the use of oral combination is more effective than mono-therapy.

Review: Penghantaran Nanopartikel Berbasis Lipid Dalam Pemanfaatan Senyawa Bahan Alam Yang Mengandung Antioksidan Untuk Dermatologi Bachrudin, Panji; Jafar, Garnadi; Mulyani, Yani
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.20868

Stres oksidatif merupakan faktor penting dalam berbagai penyakit kulit seperti Alopecia areata, dermatitis atopik, dermatitis seboroik, dan jerawat. Penurunan kadar antioksidan enzimatik seperti GPX dan SOD serta antioksidan non-enzimatik seperti vitamin A, C, dan E sering terjadi pada kondisi-kondisi ini, sementara penanda stres oksidatif seperti TBARS dan MDA meningkat. Molekul aktif farmasi yang lipofilik sering menghadapi tantangan dalam pemberian dan penyerapan pada pasien dermatologi. Banyak senyawa aktif alami dari tanaman memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang baik. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi peran stres oksidatif dalam penyakit kulit dan mengkaji efektivitas Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) dan Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) dalam meningkatkan pemberian dan penyerapan molekul aktif farmasi lipofilik dalam pengobatan dermatologi. Metode penelitian mencakup pencarian artikel ilmiah dari sumber nasional dan internasional seperti Pubmed, Google Scholar, dan Science Direct dalam kurun waktu 2004-2024 dengan kata kunci Antioksidan, NLC, Dermatologi, dan Senyawa Alami. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa stres oksidatif berperan signifikan dalam penyakit kulit, menekankan pentingnya strategi antioksidan yang efektif. SLN dan NLC terbukti sebagai solusi efektif untuk meningkatkan pemberian dan penyerapan molekul aktif farmasi lipofilik dalam dermatologi. Kata Kunci: Antioksidan, Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC), Senyawa Alami, Nanoteknologi, Dermatologi Oxidative stressed was a key factor in skin diseases such as alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and acne. Patients with these conditions often showed decreased levels of enzymatic antioxidants liked GPX and SOD, and non-enzymatic antioxidants liked vitamins A, C, and E, while oxidative stressed markers such as TBARS and MDA increase. In dermatology, the administration and absorption of highly lipophilic active pharmaceutical molecules were challenging. Additionally, many natural plant compounds exhibit significant antioxidant activity. This studied evaluates the role of oxidative stressed in skin diseases and examines the effectiveness of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) in improving the delivery and absorption of lipophilic active pharmaceutical molecules for dermatological treatments. The researched involved a literature review from sources liked PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct over the last 20 years (2004-2024) used keywords such as antioxidants, NLC, dermatology, and natural compounds. Findings highlight the significant role of oxidative stressed in skin diseases, emphasizing the needed for effective antioxidant strategies. SLN and NLC are identified as promising solutions to enhance the delivery and absorption of lipophilic active pharmaceutical molecules in dermatology.

Molecular Docking Analysis Of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds from Eichhornia Crassipes for Antidiabetic Activity Through Interaction with PPAR- γ (5Y2O) and A-Glucosidase (3TOP) Muslimawati, Khoirunnisa; Fakih, Taufik Muhammad; Akbar, Nabila Hadiah; Putra, Aditya Maulana Perdana; Isnani, Nazhipah
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.23583

Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 (DMT2), ditandai dengan resistensi insulin dan hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi potensi 30 senyawa golongan fenolik dan flavonoid dari Eichhornia crassipes sebagai agen antidiabetes melalui studi in silico, meliputi uji toksisitas (ToxTree 3.1.0, ProTox 3), analisis ADME (SwissADME), dan molecular docking (AutoDock 4.2.6). Struktur ligan uji diperoleh dari PubChem, sedangkan reseptor PPAR-γ (PDB ID: 5Y2O) dan α-Glukosidase (PDB ID: 3TOP) diunduh dari RCSB Protein Data Bank. Sebelum docking, analisis toksisitas dan ADME dilakukan. Hasil docking menunjukkan Tricin (flavonoid) berinteraksi baik dengan kedua reseptor dan memiliki nilai energi Gibbs -7.53 kcal/mol untuk PPAR-γ dan -5.19 kcal/mol untuk α-Glukosidase, mendekati ligan asli Pioglitazone (-10.03 kcal/mol) dan Acarbose (-6.86 kcal/mol). Interaksi ligan-reseptor Tricin melibatkan ikatan hidrogen dan kontak hidrofobik dengan residu kunci (misalnya, ARG288 dan TYR pada PPAR- γ, residu GLN1561 dan GLN1372 pada α-Glukosidase), mencerminkan interaksi ligan asli. Prediksi toksisitas mengklasifikasikan Tricin sebagai senyawa dengan risiko toksisitas rendah (Cramer Rules Kelas I, Kroes TTC). Selanjutnya, evaluasi ADME menunjukkan bahwa Tricin memenuhi Lipinski's Rule of Five, yang mengindikasikan penyerapan dan bioavailabilitas oral yang baik. Secara keseluruhan, senyawa Tricin dari E. crassipes menunjukkan potensi signifikan sebagai kandidat agen antidiabetes melalui penghambatan PPAR-γ dan α-Glukosidase yang selanjutnya memerlukan validasi dnegan pengujian in vitro dan in vivo. Kata Kunci: Eichhornia crassipes, Molecular Docking, Antidiabetic, PPAR-γ, α-Glucosidase Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is characterized by insulin resistance and persistent hyperglycemia. This study investigated the antidiabetic potential of 30 phenolic and flavonoid compounds derived from Eichhornia crassipes using in silico approaches, including toxicity assessments (ToxTree 3.1.0, ProTox 3), ADME analysis (SwissADME), and molecular docking (AutoDock 4.2.6). Ligand structures were retrieved from PubChem, while PPAR-γ (5Y2O) and α-Glucosidase (3TOP) receptors were obtained from the RCSB Protein Data Bank. Toxicity and ADME analyses were conducted prior to molecular docking, which employed the Genetic Algorithm with 50 conformations. Docking results revealed that Tricin (a flavonoid) exhibited strong interactions with both receptors, with Gibbs free energy values of -7.53 kcal/mol for PPAR-γ and -5.19 kcal/mol for α-Glucosidase. These values are comparable to those of the native ligands Pioglitazone (-10.03 kcal/mol) and Acarbose (-6.86 kcal/mol). Tricin formed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts with key active site residues including, ARG288 and TYR327 in PPAR-γ, GLN1561 and GLN1372 in α-Glucosidase), mirroring the interactions of the native ligands. Toxicity predictions classified Tricin as low risk (Class I Cramer Rules, Kroes TTC). Furthermore, ADME evaluation showed that Tricin (aglycone) is fully compliant with Lipinski's Rule of Five, suggesting favorable properties for oral absorption and bioavailability. In conclusion, Tricin from E. crassipes demonstrates significant potential as an antidiabetic candidate and warrants further in vitro and in vivo validation.

Formulation and Optimization of Marigold Flower (Tagetes erecta L.) Extract Emulgel using Response Surface Methodology Priatna, Dinda Rahmanda; Tanjung, Yenni Puspita; Akmal, Tubagus
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.21173

Bunga marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) merupakan bahan alami yang memiliki potensi antioksidan untuk mencegah penuaan dini. Dapat digunakan sebagai antioksidan yang diformulasikan ke dalam bentuk sediaan kosmetik, salah satunya adalah sediaan emulgel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan formula sediaan emulgel ekstrak bunga marigold dengan variasi konsentrasi xanthan gum dan guar gum sebagai pembentuk gel. Optimasi formula dilakukan dengan Central Composite Design menggunakan software Design Expert v.13.0.1 dengan respon uji nilai viskositas, pH, dan daya sebar. Pada pengujian diperoleh 13 formula uji dengan rentang nilai viskositas, pH, dan daya sebar 483,33 ± 40,82 hingga 32333 ± 273,25 cPs, 5,19 ± 0,04 hingga 6,69 ± 0,01, dan 5,43 ± 0,05 hingga 8,6 ± 0,13 cm. Kemudian dilakukan uji stabilitas terhadap formula optimum basis sediaan emulgel dan emulgel ekstrak bunga marigold untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ekstrak terhadap basis yang dibuat. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah formula optimum dihasilkan dari konsentrasi xanthan gum dan guar gum masing-masing gelling agent sebesar 0,75%, dengan nilai viskositas 31616,7 ± 116,9 cPs, pH 6,14 ± 0,1, dan daya sebar 5,68 ± 0,12 cm. Uji stabilitas emulsi menghasilkan stabilitas yang baik. Berdasarkan uji normalitas dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi GraphPad Prism versi 10.4.0. Tidak ada pengaruh signifikan penambahan ekstrak pada basa emulgel yang terlihat selama uji stabilitas. Kata Kunci: Central Composite Design, Emulgel, Marigold, Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum Marigold flower (Tagetes erecta L.) is a natural ingredient with potential antioxidant properties to prevent premature aging. It can be used as an antioxidant formulated into cosmetic dosage forms, one of which is preparation emulgel. This research aims to optimize the emulgel preparation formula of marigold flower extract with varying concentrations of xanthan gum and guar gum as gelling agents. Formula optimization was carried out with Central Composite Design using Design software Expert v.13.0.1 with test responses for viscosity, pH, and spreadability values. On testing, 13 test formulas were obtained with a range of viscosity, pH, and spreadability values of 483.33 ± 40.82 to 32333 ± 273.25 cPs, 5.19 ± 0.04 to 6.69 ± 0.01, and 5.43 ± 0.05 to 8.6 ± 0.13 cm. Then a stability test was carried out on the optimum formula of marigold flower extract base and emulsion to determine the effect of adding the extract on the base preparation made. The conclusion obtained from this research is that an optimum formula was produced from the concentration of xanthan gum and guar gum of 0.75% for each gelling agent, with a viscosity value of 31616.7 ± 116.9 cPs, pH of 6.14 ± 0.1, and spreadability of 5.68 ± 0.12 cm. The stability test of the emulgel resulted in good stability. Based on the normality test analyzed using the GraphPad Prism application version 10.4.0. No significant effect on the addition of the extract to the emulgel base was seen during the stability test.

Potensi Anti-inflamasi Ekstrak Euphorbia heterophylla Desf.: Penelitian In Vitro dan In Vivo Susilawati, Elis; Pertiwi, Intan; Istiqomah, Aulia Nurfazri; Susilawati, Yasminwar; Levita, Jutti; Sumiwi, Sri Adi
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.23814

Masyarakat secara tradisional menggunakan daun Kate Mas (Euphorbia heterophylla Desf.) untuk mengatasi kesulitan buang air besar. Penelitian sebelumnya melaporkan daun E. heterophylla memiliki aktivitas antioksidan DPPH dan anti-inflamasi pada tikus diinduksi karagenan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ekstrak E. heterophylla (EEH) secara in vitro pada suspensi sel darah merah yang diinduksi larutan hipotonik, serta untuk mengevaluasi efek EEH dalam uji in vivo pada hewan yang diinduksi dengan larutan putih telur 1%. Studi in vitro menggunakan metode HRBC (Human Red Blood Cell) dengan darah yang dirusak larutan hipotonik sebagai media uji yang diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-vis pada panjang gelombang 560 nm. Metode in vivo dilakukan pada tikus yang dibagi secara acak menjadi lima kelompok (n=5): kelompok kontrol positif (Na-CMC), kelompok pembanding (diklofenak natrium 4,5 mg/kg BB), dan tiga kelompok uji (EEH 50, 100, 200 mg/kg BB). Semua kelompok diinduksi dengan putih telur 1% pada telapak kaki tikus. Parameter yang diukur adalah nilai IC50 dan persentase inhibisi edema pada kaki tikus setiap 30 menit selama 180 menit. Hasil: Skrining metabolit sekunder pada EEH menunjukkan adanya flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin, kuinon, dan steroid/triterpenoid. EEH menunjukkan nilai IC50 yang tergolong aktif sebagai anti-inflamasi dan mampu mengurangi volume edema. Kesimpulan: EEH berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pengobatan anti-inflamasi. Kata Kunci: Anti-Inflamasi, Euphorbia heterophylla, Putih Telur, Larutan Hipotonik, Human Red Blood Cell The community traditionally uses Kate Mas (Euphorbia heterophylla Desf.) leaves to alleviate constipation. Previous studies reported that E. heterophylla leaves possess DPPH antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in carrageenan-induced rats. This study aims to analyze the effect of E. heterophylla extract (EEH) administration in vitro on red blood cell suspensions induced by a hypotonic solution, and to evaluate the effects of EEH in vivo on animals induced with 1% egg white solution. The in vitro study was conducted using the Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) method, where red blood cells were subjected to damage by a hypotonic solution as the test medium. The measurement was performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 560 nm. The in vivo method was conducted on rats randomly divided into five groups (n=5): positive control group (Na-CMC), comparison group (diclofenac sodium 4.5 mg/kg BW), and three test groups (EEH 50, 100, 200 mg/kg BW). All groups were induced with 1% egg white on the rat's paw. The parameters measured were the IC50 value and the percentage of edema inhibition in the rat’s paw every 30 minutes for 180 minutes. Results: Secondary metabolite screening of EEH showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, quinones, and steroids/triterpenoids. EEH demonstrated an IC50 value classified as active anti-inflammatory and was able to reduce edema volume. Conclusion: EEH has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory treatment.

Innovative Gel Mask A. jiringa (Jack) Nielsen: Effects of HPMC and Palm Stem Starch on Physical Characteristics and Antibacterial Activity Kartinah, Nani; Ulpah, Arnia; Viogenta, Pratika; Khairunnisa, Amalia
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.22397

Kulit jengkol (A. jiringa (Jack) Nielsen) merupakan hasil samping pertanian yang belum memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi, namun diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri yang kuat. Potensi ini mendasari pengembangan masker gel antijerawat sebagai sediaan topikal kosmetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh kombinasi hidroksipropilmetilselulosa (HPMC) dan pati batang kelapa sawit terhadap karakteristik fisik serta aktivitas antibakteri masker gel A. jiringa terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Ekstrak diperoleh melalui metode maserasi dan diuji aktivitas antibakterinya pada konsentrasi 0,25%, 0,30%, 0,35%, dan 0,40%. Konsentrasi optimum yang menunjukkan daya hambat tertinggi diformulasikan ke dalam masker gel dengan rasio HPMC:pati pada Formula 1 (1:2), Formula 2 (1:1), dan Formula 3 (2:1). Evaluasi meliputi viskositas, daya sebar, adhesivitas, pH, waktu kering, dan uji difusi sumur terhadap P. acnes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak A. jiringa 0,40% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri sedang dengan zona hambat 9,82 ± 0,06 mm. Ketiga formula gel memiliki warna cokelat muda, aroma khas minyak atsiri, tekstur halus dan homogen, viskositas antara 46,67 hingga 736,67 cps, daya sebar antara 4,75–8,92 cm, adhesivitas antara 11,52–17,68 detik, waktu kering 5,27–7,57 menit, serta pH berkisar antara 7,30–7,47. Disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi HPMC dan pati batang kelapa sawit mempengaruhi sifat fisik sediaan, namun tidak meningkatkan aktivitas antibakteri A. jiringa dalam sistem gel. Kata Kunci: A. Jiringa, P. Acnes, Antibakteri, Antijerawat, Pati Batang Kelapa Sawit The peel of Archidendron jiringa (Jack) Nielsen, commonly known as jengkol, is an agricultural by-product with limited economic value but has been reported to possess strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This potential supports the development of an anti-acne gel mask as a topical cosmetic preparation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combining hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and palm stem starch on the physical characteristics and antibacterial activity of A. jiringa gel masks against Propionibacterium acnes. The extract was obtained through maceration and tested for antibacterial activity at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, and 0.40%. The optimum concentration, which exhibited the highest inhibitory activity, was formulated into gel masks with different HPMC-to-starch ratios: Formula 1 (1:2), Formula 2 (1:1), and Formula 3 (2:1). Evaluations included viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, pH, drying time, and antibacterial activity using the well diffusion method against P. acnes. The results showed that the 0.40% A. jiringa extract exhibited moderate antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 9.82 ± 0.06 mm. All three gel formulations had a light brown color, a characteristic essential oil aroma, a smooth and homogeneous texture, viscosities ranging from 46.67 to 736.67 cps, spreadability between 4.75–8.92 cm, adhesiveness ranging from 11.52 to 17.68 seconds, drying time from 5.27 to 7.57 minutes, and pH values between 7.30 and 7.47. It was concluded that the combination of HPMC and palm stem starch influenced the physical properties of the gel formulations but did not enhance the antibacterial activity of A. jiringa in the gel system.

Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb.) sebagai Antibakteri: Literature Review Rahayu, Sri
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v12i2.19262

Penyakit infeksi diakibatkan oleh bakteri, virus atau parasit. Pengobatan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh adanya bakteri umumnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan antibiotik. Namun, penggunaan antibiotik yang berlebihan dan dalam jangka waktu panjang dapat menyebabkan resistensi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengobatan alternatif dengan efek samping yang lebih kecil, di antaranya dengan memanfaatkan senyawa dari bahan alam yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Temulawak menjadi salah satu tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak rimpang temulawak sebagai antibakteri. Metode penelitian dalam pembuatan review artikel ini yaitu dengan studi literatur. Pengumpulan data dengan cara mengambil dari database Google Scholar. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan dengan studi literature menunjukkan bahwa temulawak memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri, yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya diameter zona hambat terhadap bakteri Enterococcus faecalis (sedang-kuat), Escherichia coli (sedang-kuat), Fusobacterium nucleatum (sedang-kuat), Salmonella typhosa (lemah-sedang), Staphylococcus aureus (sedang-kuat), Streptococcus mutans (sedang), Staphylococcus epidermidis (sedang-kuat), Streptococcus viridan (lemah, sedang, kuat) dan Streptococcus pyogenes (kuat). Aktivitas antibakteri ini diduga disebabkan oleh adanya kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, fenol, flavonoid, saponin dan terpenoid. Kata Kunci: Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Antibakteri, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Metabolit Sekunder Infectious diseases are caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Treatment for bacterial infections is generally carried out using antibiotics. However, excessive and prolonged use of antibiotics can lead to resistance. Therefore, alternative treatments with fewer side effects are needed, including utilizing natural compounds with antibacterial activity. Temulawak is one of the plants that is widely used by the community. This study aims to determine the potential of Javanese ginger rhizome extract as an antibacterial. The research method used in this article review is a literature review. Data collection was conducted using the Google Scholar database. The results of research conducted through literature studies indicate that temulawak has potential as an antibacterial, which is indicated by the formation of an inhibition zone diameter against Enterococcus faecalis (medium-strong), Escherichia coli (medium-strong), Fusobacterium nucleatum (medium-strong), Salmonella typhosa (weak-moderate), Staphylococcus aureus (medium-strong), Streptococcus mutans (medium), Staphylococcus epidermidis (medium-strong), Streptococcus viridans (weak, medium, strong) and Streptococcus pyogenes (strong). This antibacterial activity is thought to be caused by the presence of secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids.

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Muhammad Ikhwan Rizki

Contact Email
ikhwanrizki@unlam.ac.id

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
jps@unlam.ac.id

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota banjarmasin,

Kalimantan selatan

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Muhammad Ikhwan Rizki

Contact Email ikhwanrizki@unlam.ac.id

Phone -

Journal Mail Official jps@unlam.ac.id

Editorial Address -

Location Kota banjarmasin, Kalimantan selatan INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Muhammad Ikhwan Rizki

Contact Email
ikhwanrizki@unlam.ac.id

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
jps@unlam.ac.id

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota banjarmasin,

Kalimantan selatan

INDONESIA