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Air Pollution Assessment of Samarinda Using the C4.5 Algorithm Prafanto, Anton; Astuti, Indah Fitri; Salamah, Ummi; Agus, Fahrul; Kridalaksana, Awang Harsa; Kamila, Vina Zahrotun
Poltanesa Vol 24 No 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : P3KM Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51967/tanesa.v24i2.2946

Abstract

The degradation of air quality in numerous Indonesian cities is attributed to the swift proliferation of motorised vehicles, rapid population growth, and inadequate green spaces. Samarinda, the capital of East Kalimantan province, is plagued by high levels of pollution resulting from heavy vehicle exhaust emissions. The provision of accurate air quality information can mitigate respiratory issues. However, the public does not have access to air quality information due to the high cost of air quality measuring devices. Therefore, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based air pollution monitoring system using ESP32 is needed to provide interactive and real-time information. This study tested the C4.5 algorithm to classify air quality data based on six measurement parameters: PM10, PM2.5, CO, O3, and NO2. PM10 and PM2.5 particles are the primary pollutants that significantly impact human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set an annual quality standard value of 20μg/m3 for PM10 and 10μg/m3 for PM2.5. Carbon Monoxide (CO) can reduce the blood's ability to carry oxygen, which can affect the function of vital organs such as the heart and brain. Ozone (O3) on the Earth's surface is a harmful pollutant that can damage the lungs and other respiratory systems. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can cause lung inflammation and lower immunity to infections, such as influenza and pneumonia. This study uses the C4.5 algorithm to classify air quality data based on these parameters, which are important for determining air quality. The results show that air quality is divided into two types: good and moderate, with different proportions each day. The C4.5 algorithm achieved a success rate of 99.5074% and a failure rate of 0.4926% when processing air quality data. It was effective in classifying air quality and processing data. An Internet of Things (IoT)-based air pollution monitoring system using ESP32 is needed to provide interactive and real-time information to the public.
Contractual Risk and Consumer Protection in Salam Transactions: A Case Study of Fruit Trading in Aceh Besar, Indonesia Salamah, Ummi; Arifin, Muhammad; Farma, Junia
International Journal of Kita Kreatif Vol 2, No 4 (2025): International Journals Kita Kreatif Vol.2 No. 4 November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/ijkk.v2i4.51152

Abstract

This study examines the implementation of the salam contract in fruit trading practices at the Lambaro Central Fruit Market, Aceh Besar, with a particular focus on assessing its compliance with the principles of fiqh muamalah and identifying gaps between Islamic legal norms and actual market practices. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the data were collected through observations, structured interviews with five fruit sellers and five distributors, as well as supporting documentation. The findings indicate that salam transactions are commonly practiced through a pre-order system with full advance payment, accompanied by explicit agreements regarding fruit type, quantity, delivery time, and delivery locationdemonstrating adherence to most core requirements of the salam contract. However, inconsistencies arise in relation to accountability for damaged goods, as distributors generally do not provide compensation for spoiled or non-conforming fruits, leaving sellers to bear the entire risk of loss. This practice contradicts Islamic legal principles, which stipulate that sellers remain responsible for the goods until they reach buyers in the agreed-upon condition. The study concludes that although the salam mechanism helps maintain continuity in the fruit supply chain, it has not fully achieved the principles of fairness, justice, and consumer protection mandated in Islamic law. To ensure alignment with sharia objectives, the study recommends the establishment of written contractual agreements, standardized procedures for quality inspection at delivery, and clear liability regulations to protect transaction parties with weaker bargaining positions. The novelty of this research lies in its empirical examination of salam implementation within the largest traditional fruit market in Aceh Besar through real supply-chain interactions, rather than relying solely on normative legal analysis.