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PENGOLAHAN SELULOSA MIKROKRISTAL GRADE FARMASI DARI BEBERAPA BAGIAN TANAMAN TERATAI PUTIH (Nymphaea nouchali Burm. F.): PREPARASI & UJI KUALITATIF SERBUK Lestari, Yulianita Pratiwi Indah; Raudatul Patimah; Yuspa; Muhammad; Rahmalisa Hafifah; Soraya Aldeina; Siti Mursyidah; Putri Amelia; Hikmah Fitriani; Maulinda Nur Pramudyas Primia Setyaningrum
Majalah Farmasi dan Farmakologi Vol. 27 No. 3 (2023): MFF
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/mff.v27i3.26873

Abstract

Obat memiliki kebermanfaatan yang penting dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang dapat digunakan dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Namun, industri farmasi di Indonesia masih sangat tergantung dengan bahan baku impor. Proses ekstraksi biasanya menghasilkan residu (ampas ekstraksi) berupa serbuk simplisia yang tidak digunakan lagi (limbah padat organik). Pemanfaatan residu hasil ekstraksi pada tanaman teratai putih masih sangat minim, sehingga residu dari hasil ekstraksi tanaman ini dapat diolah menjadi bahan baku pembuatan selulosa mikrokristal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan selulosa mikrokristal dari beberapa bagian pada tanaman teratai putih, kemudian dilakukan pengujian kualitas serbuk dengan Avicel PH 101 sebagai bahan baku pembanding. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bagian dari tanaman teratai putih yang memiliki kandungan α-selulosa dengan rendemen tertinggi adalah pada bagian tangkai bunga dengan rendemen sebesar 29,02% terhadap serbuk simplisia, diikuti dengan bagian tangkai daun sebesar 22,41%, bagian bunga sebesar 18,72%, dan paling rendah bagian daun yaitu sebesar 7,70%. Selulosa mikrokristal dengan rendemen tertinggi diperoleh oleh bagian daun dengan persentase rendemen sebesar 97%, diikuti dengan bagian tangkai daun sebesar 89%, bagian bunga sebesar 88%, dan rendemen terendah oleh bagian tangkai bunga dengan persentase sebesar 83%. Sifat fisik dari serbuk selulosa mikrokristal teratai putih baik pada daun, tangkai daun, bunga, maupun tangkai bunga, menunjukkan kemiripan karakteristik dengan Avicel® PH 101 sebagai baku pembanding, meliputi reaksi warna, organoleptis, kelarutan, dan pH. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, kualitas serbuk selulosa mikrokristal dari beberapa bagian tanaman teratai putih (bunga, tangkai bunga, daun, dan tangkai daun) memiliki kemiripan dengan baku pembandingnya, yaitu Avicel® PH 101.
Efektifitas Kombinasi Ektrak Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Dengan Ektrak Biji Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Tikus Putih Jantan Hiperglikemik Fitriani, Hikmah; Sanif, Edial; Nurdina , Annisa Fadhilah
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v10i8.61568

Abstract

Hyperglycemic is a medical condition when the blood glucose level increases over the normal ranges. Hyperglycemic is one of the typical symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) although it could probably happen in the different conditions. Nowadays, the studies of epidemiology show that there seems to be the increasing of incidental numbers and DM type-2 prevalence all over the world. WHO predicts the increasing of the diabetics in Indonesia will be from 8.4 million in 2000 to 21.3 million in 2030. Aim: To know the effectiveness of giving the papaya leaf and seed extract combination in reducing the blood glucose level of male wistar strain rats induced by streptozotocin. Research Method: This research used the experimental research along with “pre and post-test control group” design and 35 male wistar strain rats (Rattus norvegicus) as the research object. The rats were divided into 2 control groups (K(+) induced by glibenclamide and K(-) by distilled water) and 3 experimental groups (P1 induced by papaya leaf extract, P2 induced by papaya seed extract, P3 induced by the combination of both extracts). Research Results: Groups showing the significant reduction of blood glucose level by paired T-test were positive control groups, P1, P2, P3 with (P<0.05). The different significant reduction of blood glucose level using one way ANOVA test along with the value (p=0.000) was showed by positive control groups, P1, P2, P3. Conclusion: Giving the combination of papaya leaf and seed extract is more effective in reducing blood glucose level than the independent one.
Calculating the Number of Bacterial Colonies of Escherichia Coli in the Hands of Food Vendors Around Basic Schools, Sukagumiwang District Fitriani, Hikmah; Sriwiyati, Kati; Fajar Islamy, Ilham
Indonesian Health Journal Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Indonesian Health Journal
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/ihj.v4i3.744

Abstract

Diarrhea is still a public health problem in the Sukagumiwang sub-district area. Data of diarrhea sufferers in 2018 at the Sukagumiwang Community Health Center showed 331 patients of all ages, and there were 162 toddlers affected by diarrhea. The main factor for diarrhea is cleanliness in the processing of food consumed daily. The aim of this study is to find out the calculation of Escherichia Coli bacterial colonies in food vendors’ hands around the Elementary School Sukagumiwang sub-district area before and after using a hand sanitizer. This study is an experimental pretest-posttest group design study on the object of research by sampling using simple random sampling. The median number of Escherichia coli bacteria present in the hands of food vendors before washing their hands in elementary school Sukagumiwang sub-district was 62 CFU / cm2. The median number of Escherichia coli bacteria in the hands of food vendors after washing their hands in SD Sukagumiwang sub-district is 8 CFU / cm2. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test results show significant results with a value of p <0.001. There is a difference in the number of Escherichia coli bacteria before and after using a hand sanitizer on food vendors’ hands around the elementary schools in the Sukagumiwang sub-district area.
Examination of Coliform and Escherichia coli Contamination in Refilled Drinking Water in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia Shonia, Ana Naela; Fitriani, Hikmah; Indrakusuma, Mohammad Erwin
GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) Vol. 8 No. 2s (2025): Special Issues
Publisher : Yayasan Aliansi Cendekiawan Indonesia Thailand (Indonesian Scholars' Alliance)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-82s1224

Abstract

Background: Refillable drinking water is a commonly used source of water for the public. Contamination of this water can lead to various diseases, including waterborne diarrhea. Coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli are indicators of faecal contamination and can cause waterborne diseases. This study aims to determine whether Coliform and Escherichia coli are present in refillable drinking water in Cirebon Regency. Aims: To identify the presence of Coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria in refillable drinking water in Cirebon Regency. Methods: This descriptive study employed purposive sampling to collect six samples of refillable drinking water from six different depots located in Cirebon Regency. Each sample was tested four times using various laboratory tests, including Nutrient Agar, Mac Conkey Agar, Gram Staining, IMVIC, and TSIA. Results: All samples showed the presence of Coliform (100%), as shown by the Mac Conkey Agar test indicating lactose fermentation and Gramme Staining revealing rod-shaped bacteria. However, Escherichia coli was not found (0%) in any of the samples. The results of the Mac Conkey Agar test as a lactose fermenter, Gram Staining showing rod-shaped bacteria, and IMVIC tests showed the following profile: Indole +, MR +, VP -, Citrate -, and TSIA: A/A, H₂S -, Gas +. While Escherichia coli was absent, the detection of other Coliforms suggests persistent hygiene issues; Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella were found to be Coliform bacteria. Conclusion: No Escherichia coli were detected in any of the samples, but Coliform bacteria were found in 6 out of 6 samples (100%). The maintenance of refillable drinking water depots is crucial for public health. Owners must frequently clean and disinfect the reservoirs to prevent contamination. Additionally, authorities are responsible for regularly monitoring the hygiene and sanitation of these depots.
Identification of Bacteria on Classroom Air Conditioner at Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia Surfa, Muhammad Bintang Abdi; Fitriani, Hikmah; Indrakusuma, Mohammad Erwin
GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) Vol. 7 No. 3s (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Aliansi Cendekiawan Indonesia Thailand (Indonesian Scholars' Alliance)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-741010

Abstract

Background: Air conditioner became a significant factor in indoor air quality. Poorly maintained Air Conditioners can become breeding grounds for bacteria, leading to health problems and symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome, such as headaches, loss of concentration, dry throat, eye and skin irritation, and acute respiratory infections. Aims: Identify bacteria types and count bacterial colonies on Air Conditioning units in the classrooms of buildings A and B at Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia. Methods: Cross-sectional study using 16 air conditioner samples from lecture rooms at Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati. Direct swabs were taken from the air conditioner filters using cotton swabs, which were then identified using McConkey, Blood Agar, and Nutrient Agar media to count bacterial colonies followed by confirmatory bacterial tests using Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) and Indol, Methyl red, Vogues proskauer, Simmon Citrate (IMVIC) media. Results: Bacterial growth identification tests identified Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Coryneform/Diptheroid, Enterobacter sp., and Stenotrophomonas sp.. Highest colony count was 402 CFU/cm³ and lowest was 16 CFU/cm³. Conclusion: Bacterial identification on classroom the Air Conditioner revealed that the microbial community in the system was predominantly composed of Gram-positive strains, which were detected more frequently than Gram-negative strains. Received: 24 September 2024  |  Reviewed: 02 November 2024  |  Revised: 30 November 2024  |  Accepted: 15 December 2024.
Improving Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence: The role of patient knowledge in Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia Marfuati, Sri; Fitriani, Hikmah; Weni, Mustika; Riawan, Firanda Putri
GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Aliansi Cendekiawan Indonesia Thailand (Indonesian Scholars' Alliance)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-72987

Abstract

Background: With 10 million cases around the world, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has been classified as a highly contagious disease and mostly affecting low and middle countries. Having the second highest incident cases in West Java of Indonesia, Cirebon becomes a challenging city in order to reduce the number of TB cases in the country. Aims: This study aims to identify the patients’ knowledge and treatment phases, and how the two factors encourage patients to comply with their medication. Methods :  This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 91 new pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the Cirebon City Community Lung Health Centre, selected using random sampling. Not only respondent characteristics, but also data on the patients' knowledge levels, treatment phases, and medication adherence were collected using a questionnaire and medical records. To assess the relationship between these variables, the collected data was then analyzed using the Spearman Correlation test. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Commission, and informed consent was gathered from all participants. Results: This study reveals the most updated characteristics of the Tuberculosis patients at the Cirebon City Community Lung Health Center aged 15-64 years old with treatment duration ranged 1-6 months. The majority have insufficient knowledge about tuberculosis (45.1%), and 75.8% of patients adhered to their prescribed medication regimen, regardless of their knowledge level. The data indicates a significant positive correlation between knowledge level and medication adherence (p = 0.015), with 95% of patients with good knowledge adhering to treatment compared to only 34% with poor knowledge. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between adherence and treatment duration (p = 0.002), as 85% of patients who adhered to treatment did so for more than two months. Conclusion: The study shows that patients with better knowledge of tuberculosis are more likely to stick to their medication, which also leads to longer treatment durations. Given the high incidence of TB in the region, these findings suggest the need for targeted educational programs to enhance patients' understanding of TB, thereby improving adherence to treatment protocols. Received: 20 May 2024, Reviewed: 09 June 2024, Revised: 26 August 2024, Accepted: 30 August 2024.
Effectiveness of Mango Gedong Gincu Peel Extract Gel (Mangifera indica L.) on Cut Wounds in Male Wistar White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Fathunnisa, Firda; Marfuati, Sri; Fitriani, Hikmah
GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Aliansi Cendekiawan Indonesia Thailand (Indonesian Scholars' Alliance)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-731060

Abstract

Background: A wound is an injury to a part of the body where the skin and the underlying tissue lose continuity. The wound healing is a complex process consisting inflammatory phase, proliferation phase, and maturation phase. Open wounds often occur in everyday life and if left behind and untreated can potentially lead to bacterial infection. Mango gedong gincu peel extract (Mangifera indica L.) contains flavonoids, tannins, phenols, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and saponins which have roles in wound healing. Aims: To analyses the effectiveness of mango gedong gincu peel extract gel (Mangifera indica L.) against the healing of cut wounds in male wistar white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: The study was an experimental study with a post-test only control group design using 25 male wistar white rat as the subject and was carried out in the FK UGJ Research Laboratory. The study used five groups : negative control group, positive control group, and treatment group using mango gedong gincu peel extract gel (Mangifera indica L.) with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Results: The results of the study revealed that mango (Mangifera indica L.) gedong gincu peel is a source of various phytochemical such as flavonoids, tannins, phenols, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and saponins. This study showed that the 5% and 10% concentration treatment groups had the same average length measurement wound of 0.86 cm. The fastest observation of erythema was the 5% concentration group with a healing rate of 8 days, in the observation of edema the 10% concentration group was the fastest of 6 days, and the observation long of healing time was 5% and 10% concentration had the same rate of 11 days. Conclusion: Mango gedong gincu peel extract gel (Mangifera indica L.) was effective against wound healing with optimum concentrations of 5% and 10% which gives the best healing effect against wounds in male wistar white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Received: 25 September 2024  |  Reviewed: 22 October 2024  | Revised: 05 November 2024  |  Accepted: 09 November 2024.
The Influence of Job Placement and Career Development on Employee Performance at Bank Sumsel Babel Sub Branch KM 12 Palembang Fitriani, Hikmah; Marnisah, Luis; Roswaty, Roswaty
International Journal of Marketing & Human Resource Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Training & Research Institute - Jeramba Ilmu Sukses

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47747/ijmhrr.v5i1.1641

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to test whether work placement and career development have a positive effect on employee performance at Bank Sumsel Babel Sub-Branch KM 12 Palembang City. The sampling technique in this study was saturated sampling, which took the entire sample of 25 respondents who were employees of Bank Sumsel Babel Sub-Branch KM 12 Palembang. This research method uses multiple linear regression analysis methods. The results showed that job placement and career development partially and simultaneously had a positive effect on employee performance.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (2019) PADA MASYARAKAT DESA NEGLASARI Hikmah Fitriani
Tunas Medika Jurnal Kedokteran & Kesehatan Vol 10 No 1 (2024): TUNAS MEDIKA JURNAL KEDOKTERAN & KESEHATAN
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran UGJ Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/tumed.v10i1.9328

Abstract

Latar Belakang : Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan virus dari gen Betacoronavirus yang masih berhubungan dengan Severe acute respiratory illness corronavius (SARS-CoV). Semakin tingginya kasus COVID-19 di Indonesia merupakan tantangan tersendiri untuk tenaga kesehatan dalam menurunkan angka kejadian COVID-19. Kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai COVID-19 menjadikan masyarakat kurang mematuhi protokol kesehatan dan merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan semakin tingginya penyebaran infeksi. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan terhadap pengetahuan mengenai COVID-19 pada masyarakat Desa Neglasari. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan teknik simple random sampling, alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan kuisioner, jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 121 responden. Hasil Penelitian : Berdasarkan kuisioner yang telah dibagikan kepada 121 responden didapatkan hasil masyarakat dengan kategori tingkat pengetahuan kurang (2.5%) cukup (35,5%) dan baik (62.0%). Hasil analisis menunjukan terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan terhadap pengetahuan COVID-19 dengan nilai P value = 0,000 ≤ 0,05. Simpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan masyarakat Desa Neglasari dengan tingkat pengetahuan COVID-19. Kata Kunci : Coronavirus disease, Tingkat Pendidikan, Tingkat Pengetahuan.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN SIRIH HIJAU (Piper betle L.) DAN MINYAK ATSIRI JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Candida albicans Hikmah Fitriani; Alfi Meitasari; Rama Samara Brajawikalpa
Tunas Medika Jurnal Kedokteran & Kesehatan Vol 10 No 1 (2024): TUNAS MEDIKA JURNAL KEDOKTERAN & KESEHATAN
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran UGJ Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/tumed.v10i1.9452

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Kandidiasis adalah suatu penyakit akut atau subakut yang disebabkan oleh Candida albicans yang bisa menyerang berbagai jaringan tubuh. Ekstrak daun sirih banyak dilaporkan sebagai agen anti jamur seperti jamur Candida albicans. Selain itu daun jeruk purut juga mengandung minyak atsiri yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antifungi. Tujuan: Membandingkan efektivitas minyak atsiri daun sirih (Piper betle L.) dan minyak atsiri jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Eksperimental Laboratory dengan Postest Only Control Group Design yang menggunakan jamur Candida albicans sebagai subjek penelitian. Obyek penelitian ini minyak atsiri daun sirih konsentrasi 50%, 75%, 100%, minyak atsiri jeruk purut konsentrasi 50%, 75%, 100%, ketokonazole 2% (K+), dan DMSO 10% (K-). Data hasil kemudian dianalisis Uji One Way ANOVA dan Uji Post Hoc Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Hasil rerata daya hambat minyak atsiri daun sirih konsentrasi 50% (15,2 mm), 75% (18,4 mm), 100% (18,8 mm) dan minyak atsiri jeruk purut konsentrasi 50% (25,2 mm), 75% (25,3 mm), 100% (25,5 mm), K+ (20 mm), dan K- (0 mm). Hasil uji menunjukan perbedaan rerata signifikan antara bahan kelompok perlakuan. Kesimpulan: Minyak atsiri jeruk purut (Ctrus hystrix) lebih efektif menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans dibandingkan dengan minyak daun sirih (Piper betle L) pada konsentrasi 50%, 75%, 100%. Kata Kunci: Candida albicans, Minyak Atsiri Daun Sirih, Minyak atsiri daun sirih hijau. Background: Candidiasis is an acute or subacute disease caused by Candida Albicans which can attack various body tissues. Betel leaves extract has been widely reported as an antifungal agent such as the Candida Albicans. In addition, Kaffir Lime leaves also contain an essential oil that can function as an antifungal. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Betel leaves (Piper Betle L.) essential oil and Kaffir Lime (Citrus Hystric) essential oil towards the growth of Candida Albicans. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory research with a post-test only control group design that used the Candida Albicans as research object. The subject of the study were Betel leaves essential oil concentrations of 50%, 75%, 100%, Kaffir Lime essential oil concentrations of 50%, 75%, 100%, ketoconazole 2% (K+), and DMSO 10% (K-). The research data was statistically analysed using the One-Way ANOVA test, followed by the Mann-Whitney Post Hoc test. Results: The results of the average inhibition of Betel leaves essential oil concentration of 50% (15,2 mm), 75% (25,3 mm), 100% (18,8 mm) and Kaffir Lime essential oil concentration of 50% (25,2 mm), 75% (25,3 mm), 100% (25,5 mm), K+ (20 mm), and K- (0 mm). The results of the multivariate test showed a significant value p<0,05, there was an average difference between the two treatment groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that Kaffir Lime essential oil (Citrus Hystrix) was more effective in inhibiting the growth of Candida Albicans compared to Betel leaves essential oil (Piper Betle L.) at concentrations of 50%, 75%, 100%. Keywords: Candida Albicans, Betel leaves essential oil, Kaffir Lime essential oil