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Purba, Rispah
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An Exploratory Factor Analysis for Measuring the Four Cs of Lower-grade Primary Students Meta Br Ginting; Rispah Purba; Winny Sunfriska br Limbong; Amelia Amanda; Dwi Ribka Sitanggang
Jurnal Kependidikan : Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran, dan Pembelajaran Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jk.v12i2.20384

Abstract

This study aims to develop a valid and reliable measurement factor for the Four Cs tailored to lower-grade primary school students. This study employed a quantitative non-experimental scale development and validation design utilizing Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Participants comprised 274 second-grade primary school students from ten schools, divided into two phases: an initial trial (n = 76) for item selection and a main EFA trial (n = 198). Data were collected through structured performance observation checklists administered during STEM-based constructive play activities, with dichotomous scoring subsequently analyzed using JASP. EFA initially yielded six factors; however, the sixth factor, comprising a single item, was excluded from the final model as it did not meet the minimum item requirement for a viable factor. Factor loadings across the five retained factors ranged from 0.413 to 0.992. Cronbach's alpha coefficients indicated adequate to excellent internal consistency across factors: the first factor (α = 0.912), the second factor (α = 0.856), the third factor (α = 0.716), the fourth factor (α = 0.796), and the fifth factor (α = 0.544), with an overall reliability of α = 0.884. The findings indicate that the Four Cs can be measured by five factors: effective communication-critical thinking skills, creative expression skills, collaboration skills, communication skills in problem-solving, and creating skills. This study highlights different results from the P21 learning framework, finding that effective communication fosters problem-solving and critical thinking skills, while collaboration encourages creativity and the creation of original works.
Co-Authors Abda Abda Adeline Silaban Afwan Syarif Amelia Amanda Aplonia Ayomi, Golden D. Yonggom, Aplonia Desy C Silaban Dwi Ribka Sitanggang Firda Wati Genoveva Chatleen C. Mollet Halomoan Hutajulu Hidayah, Hidayah Islam, Rio Wakhid Hujjatul Ismail, Raoda Kaigere, Daud Ledoh, Cartika Candra Lidwina Cornelia Maniboey Lubis, Rizal Arifin Manalu, Etty Octaviani Martijn van Driel Mawara, Ricky Meta Br Ginting Molle, Genoveva Chatleen Compehage Mona Safitri Fatiah Muhammad Akbar Muhammad Akbar Mutaqin, Alim Nurbaya Nurbaya, Nurbaya Ohee, Sara Marlina Panjaitan, Agnes Teres Paulus G D Lasmono Raini Panjaitan Rasi Kasim Samosir, Rasi Kasim Renti B R Tompul Ristiani Ria Rusli, Tiffany Shahnaz Sara Cesilia Sarni Rante Allo Bela Satar, Suriyah Septikasari, Dian Silvia Anggri Wijaya Siregar, Anggrainy Togi Marito Siti Hajar Siti Hajar Sitompul, Fanny Kristin Tantyah Suaka, Irwandi Yogo Tarigan, Samiharyati Tifanny Shahnaz Rusli Tommi Tommi, Tommi Wati, Firda Winny Sunfriska Br Limbong Yonggom, Aplonia D. Yuliana, Chelsi