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Cytotoxic of Usnic Acid Isolated from Ramalina sp.: Cytotoxic of Usnic Acid Isolated from Ramalina sp. Darmawan, Akhmad; Maulidiyah; Megawati; Ariani, Novita; Aisya, Sitti; Sukirno; Randy, Ahmad; Primahana, Gian; Hendra, Medi; Nurdin, Muhammad
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.02.14

Abstract

Ramalina sp. (Ramalinaceae) is a type of lichen known to contain many active secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential to be used as medicine or medicinal raw materials. One of the biological activities possessed by Ramalina sp. lichen is its anticancer activity. This research aims to isolate and identify active secondary metabolite compounds from the methanol extract of the Ramalina sp. lichen and to find out the cytotoxic activity of the isolated compound against MCF7 breast cancer cells. Compound 1 (usnic acid) was successfully isolated from fraction A. The isolation and purification process was carried out starting with a maceration process using acetone solvent, followed by silica gel column chromatography using a gradient solvent system consisting of n-hexane, n-hexane:EtOAc, EtOAc, EtOAc:MeOH, and MeOH with 5% increment of polarity to obtain 17 fractions (F-1 to F-17). From the 17 fractions obtained, fraction 3 (F-3) and fraction 4 (F-4) (eluted with n-hexane:EtOAc 30%), which had the same TLC profile, were combined and named as fraction A. Compound 1 (50 mg) is a yellow needle crystal that was formed in a bottle of fraction A, which was obtained after the process of combining fractions F-3 and F-4 and solvent evaporation process. The crystals were then separated and purified with CHCl3 and MeOH. Compound 1 was then characterized based on spectroscopic data. Various spectroscopic analysis data, including FTIR, 1D- and 2D-NMR, and LC-ESI-MS, show that Compound 1 is a dibenzofuran derivative compound with 18 carbons (3 from carbonyl groups (C=O) and 3 from methyl groups) and 2 hydroxyl (-OH). Cytotoxicity assay showed that at a low concentration of 18.75 ug/mL, Compound 1 caused a 67.06% decrease in MCF7 viability
Cytotoxic of Usnic Acid Isolated from Ramalina sp.: Cytotoxic of Usnic Acid Isolated from Ramalina sp. Darmawan, Akhmad; Maulidiyah; Megawati; Ariani, Novita; Aisya, Sitti; Sukirno; Randy, Ahmad; Primahana, Gian; Hendra, Medi; Nurdin, Muhammad
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.02.14

Abstract

Ramalina sp. (Ramalinaceae) is a type of lichen known to contain many active secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential to be used as medicine or medicinal raw materials. One of the biological activities possessed by Ramalina sp. lichen is its anticancer activity. This research aims to isolate and identify active secondary metabolite compounds from the methanol extract of the Ramalina sp. lichen and to find out the cytotoxic activity of the isolated compound against MCF7 breast cancer cells. Compound 1 (usnic acid) was successfully isolated from fraction A. The isolation and purification process was carried out starting with a maceration process using acetone solvent, followed by silica gel column chromatography using a gradient solvent system consisting of n-hexane, n-hexane:EtOAc, EtOAc, EtOAc:MeOH, and MeOH with 5% increment of polarity to obtain 17 fractions (F-1 to F-17). From the 17 fractions obtained, fraction 3 (F-3) and fraction 4 (F-4) (eluted with n-hexane:EtOAc 30%), which had the same TLC profile, were combined and named as fraction A. Compound 1 (50 mg) is a yellow needle crystal that was formed in a bottle of fraction A, which was obtained after the process of combining fractions F-3 and F-4 and solvent evaporation process. The crystals were then separated and purified with CHCl3 and MeOH. Compound 1 was then characterized based on spectroscopic data. Various spectroscopic analysis data, including FTIR, 1D- and 2D-NMR, and LC-ESI-MS, show that Compound 1 is a dibenzofuran derivative compound with 18 carbons (3 from carbonyl groups (C=O) and 3 from methyl groups) and 2 hydroxyl (-OH). Cytotoxicity assay showed that at a low concentration of 18.75 ug/mL, Compound 1 caused a 67.06% decrease in MCF7 viability
Co-Authors Afandi, Muhammad Roestam Afandi Agustina Citra Windianingsih Ahmad Randy Aisya, Sitti Aji Syafua’a Pratama Akhmad Darmawan Aldawood, Abdulrahman Saad Amanda Novitasari Ariani, Novita Baiq Rani Dewi Wulandani Budi Ispriyarso Bulkaini (Bulkaini) Carmidah Cordova, Datu Muhammad Dede Ridwan Nugraha Dewi Amaliah Nafiati Dewi Kurniati Dimas Yusuf Afrizal Djoko Kisworo Djoko Kisworo Dwi Retnowati Endang Eko Wati Erlinda Yurisinthae Fiezenzo Laia Filailla, Euis Gaffar Hafiz Sagala Galuh Yunawan Riyadi Gultom, Liony Hari Purwanto HARYANTO Haxa Soeprijanto Hendry Tri Sakti Saragih Heri Retnawati Hidayat Soesilohadi Hilman Niko Kamaruddin, Novie Kurniasih Khafidhoh Kharimah, Kharimah KUNTORO Laudia Bunga Utari Lela, Citra Maulana Safarwadi Maulidiyah Medi Hendra, Medi Megawati Muhammad Mirza Habibie Muhammad Nurdin Mustaqiem, Akhmad Imam Musyarafah Nabitatus Sa’adaha Naufal Hanif Pratama Nurlaili, Fadilla Intan Nur’aini, Shifa Pamungkas, Agung Laksana Hendra Prastya, Muhammad Eka Primahana, Gian Putra, Rayhan Helmyana Qulbi, Siti Shofa Assyifa Rahmawati , Menuk Rahmawati, Linda Tri Ramadhani, Fathur Syahrian Rizki Armayoga Rizna Triana Dewi Rusjayanti, Eni Dwi SINAGA, HENRY Siti Sumarmi Suhendar, Heri Suta Wardianto, Bayu Suyuti Teddy Sunanto Thiwuk Leres Kinanti Tri Effiyanti Tri Nurhidayah Tri Rini Nuringtyas Triwid Syafarotun Najah Vidiati, Cory Wahid Wachyu Adi Winarto Wijayanti, Rizki Nofiana Winkar Setya, Kartika Yuliani Catur Rini Zahra, Aliya Azkia Zul Fauzi, Nizar