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All Journal Arena Hukum Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI Unes Law Review Meraja journal Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law SIGn Jurnal Hukum Alauddin Law Development Journal (ALDEV) Kalabbirang Law Journal Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law International Journal of Humanities Education and Social Sciences Journal of Lex Theory (JLT) Journal of Lex Philosophy (JLP) Journal of Lex Generalis (JLG) Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society HORIZON PUBLIC LEGAL STUDIES ADVANCED PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS Khazanah Hukum Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum
Azwad Rachmat Hambali
Universitas Muslim Indonesia
Religion Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Efektifitas Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pemalsuan Dokumen atas Objek Tanah yang telah Dialihkan (Putusan No. 634/Pid.B/2020/PN Mks) Alfiani, Andi Nurafni Ayu; Khalid, Hasbuddin; Hambali, Azwad Rachmat
Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/innovative.v5i4.20715

Abstract

Abstract This research aims to examine the judge’s legal considerations in establishing criminal liability for document forgery involving land that has already been transferred, as well as to assess the extent to which criminal sanctions reflect substantive justice. The object of study is Decision Number 634/Pid.B/2020/PN Mks, which involved the defendant Samudin bin Dg. Bora, who was found guilty of using a falsified deed of sale to regain control over previously transferred land and resell it. An empirical legal approach was employed, using interviews with a judge at the Makassar District Court and members of the public familiar with the issue of document forgery in land transactions. The findings reveal that the judge’s considerations in the aforementioned decision were based on the fulfillment of the elements of Article 263 paragraph (2) of the Indonesian Criminal Code, with the defendant legally and convincingly proven guilty. The verdict, upheld at both appellate and cassation levels, reflects procedural consistency in the application of criminal liability. However, the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in this case appears to be more procedural than substantive. Interviews indicate that the public has not fully experienced tangible legal protection, as document forgery in land disputes remains prevalent and lacks structural preventive measures. This highlights a gap between formal legal outcomes and the realization of justice within the broader community. This study recommends strengthening a criminal law approach that not only emphasizes punishment but also includes more substantive preventive efforts and broader access to legal protection for the public in addressing document forgery in land affairs. Keywords: Document Forgery, Land Ownership, Criminal Liability, Substantive Effectiveness, Case Study, Public Perception
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Anak Yang Melakukan Pembegalan Di Kota Makassar Heriandini, Heriandini; Husen, La Ode; Hambali, Azwad Rachmat
Journal of Lex Philosophy (JLP) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Lex Philosophy (JLP)
Publisher : Program Pascarajana Universitas Muslim Indonesia

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Abstract

Tujuan penelitian menganalisis efektivitas pembagian harta perusahaan yang dinyatakan pailit kepada kreditor ditinjau berdasarkan undang-undang no.37 tahun 2004 tentang kepailitan dan penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang. Tipe penelitian ini adalah penelitan hukum empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) efektivitas pembagian harta perusahaan yang dinyatakan pailit kepada kreditor dilakukan dengan menunjuk beberapa wakil kreditor untuk mengontrol semua harta kekayaan debitur dan mendistribusikannya kepada para kreditur, sitaan terhadap seluruh kekayaan debitor setelah adanya pernyataan pailit ini bertujuan untuk mencegah agar debitor tidak tidak melakukan perbuatan-perbuatan yang dapat merugikan kepentingan para kreditornya.2) perlindungan hukum terhadap kreditor, pada prinsipnya semua harta kekayaan debitor merupakan jaminan bersama untuk para keditornya dan hasilnya akan dibagikan secara proporsional kepada para keditornya akan tetapi persoalan yang timbul dalam proses pemberesan aset pailit adalah apabila jumlah utang lebih besar dari harta pailit apalagi setelah kreditor separatis dan kreditor preferen mengambil haknya, maka secara tidak langsung hak piutang kreditor konkuren tidak akan terbayarkan secara keseluruhan. The research objective is to analyze the effectiveness of distributing assets of companies declared bankrupt to creditors based on Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning bankruptcy and postponing debt payment obligations. This type of research is empirical legal research. The results of the research show that 1) the effectiveness of distributing the assets of a company declared bankrupt to creditors is carried out by appointing several creditor representatives to control all the debtor's assets and distribute them to creditors. carry out actions that could be detrimental to the interests of their creditors. 2) legal protection for creditors, in principle all of the debtor's assets are a joint guarantee for his creditors and the proceeds will be distributed proportionally to his creditors, but the problems that arise in the process of settling bankrupt assets are If the amount of debt is greater than the bankruptcy assets, especially after separatist creditors and preferred creditors take their rights, then indirectly the rights of concurrent creditors will not be paid in full.
ANALISIS YURIDIS TURUT SERTA DALAM TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG HUMAN TRAFCKING Hambali, Azwad Rachmat; Arief, Anggreany
Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law, Desember 2023
Publisher : Postgraduate Bosowa University Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35965/ijlf.v6i1.3851

Abstract

Implementasi hukum terhadap individu yang terlibat dalam tindak pidana perdagangan orang atau human trafficking, serta untuk memahami pertimbangan hukum yang diambil oleh hakim dalam kasus-kasus semacam ini, khususnya dalam putusan pengadilan negeri Makassar. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah pendekatan hukum normatif, yang mengandalkan analisis bahan pustaka dan data sekunder untuk menelusuri regulasi hukum terkait tindak pidana orang yang turut serta dalam perdagangan orang di Kota Makassar. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan dua hal penting. Pertama, penerapan hukum pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana orang yang terlibat dalam perdagangan orang atau human trafficking di putusan Pengadilan Negeri Makassar telah sesuai dengan ketentuan yang diamanatkan dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) UU No.21 Tahun 2007 tentang Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Kedua, pertimbangan hukum yang diambil oleh hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana terhadap para terdakwa juga telah mematuhi ketentuan yang berlaku, dengan vonis penjara masing-masing selama 3 tahun dan denda sebesar Rp.120.000.000,-. Adapun, jika denda tersebut tidak dapat dibayarkan, maka akan diganti dengan pidana penjara selama 1 bulan dan kewajiban membayar biaya perkara sebesar Rp.2.500,-. Mengingat maraknya tindak kejahatan yang mengeksploitasi atau memperoleh keuntungan dari perdagangan orang, tindakan preventif sangatlah krusial. Oleh karena itu, disarankan untuk terus mengadakan penyuluhan dan sosialisasi mengenai masalah ini kepada masyarakat. Langkah ini penting agar masyarakat dapat memahami risiko dan bahaya terkait serta mengetahui solusi yang tepat untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini secara efektif. Implementation of the law against individuals involved in criminal acts of human trafficking, as well as to understand the legal considerations taken by judges in cases like this, especially in decisions of the Makassar district court. The research method applied is a normative legal approach, which relies on analysis of library materials and secondary data to explore legal regulations related to criminal acts of people who participate in human trafficking in Makassar City. The results of this research illustrate two important things. First, the application of criminal law to perpetrators of criminal acts involving people involved in human trafficking in the Makassar District Court decision is in accordance with the provisions mandated in Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law No. 21 of 2007 concerning the Crime of Human Trafficking. Second, the legal considerations taken by the judge in sentencing the defendants also complied with the applicable provisions, with a prison sentence of 3 years each and a fine of Rp. 120,000,000,-. Meanwhile, if the fine cannot be paid, it will be replaced by imprisonment for 1 month and the obligation to pay court costs of IDR 2,500. Considering the rise of crimes that exploit or profit from human trafficking, preventive action is very crucial. Therefore, it is recommended to continue providing education and outreach regarding this issue to the community. This step is important so that the public can understand the related risks and dangers and know the right solutions to overcome these problems effectively.
UPAYA HUKUM PERLAWANAN PIHAK KETIGA (DERDEN VERZET) TERHADAP PUTUSAN HAKIM YANG TELAH BERKEKUATAN HUKUM TETAP (IN KRACHT VAN GEWISJDE) Arief, Anggreany; Hambali, Azwad Rachmat
Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law, Desember 2023
Publisher : Postgraduate Bosowa University Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35965/ijlf.v6i1.3853

Abstract

Upaya Hukum Perlawanan Pihak Ketiga (Derden verzet) Terhadap Putusan Hakim Yang Telah Berkekuatan Hukum Tetap (In Kracht Van Gewisjde) adalah sebuah studi yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses perlawanan hukum yang dilakukan oleh pihak ketiga terhadap putusan hakim yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap dalam konteks hukum Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian empiris dengan mengumpulkan data primer melalui wawancara dengan informan yang relevan dan data sekunder dari sumber pustaka yang terkait. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam kasus Derden verzet, hakim perlu mempertimbangkan dengan seksama aspek-aspek yang terkait dengan pokok perkara, termasuk keterangan saksi dan bukti yang diajukan oleh pihak yang melakukan perlawanan. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya Mahkamah Agung untuk menyusun pedoman teknis yang mengatur prosedur Derden verzet agar dapat memberikan panduan yang jelas bagi peradilan di Indonesia dalam menangani kasus semacam ini di masa depan. Studi ini memberikan wawasan yang berharga tentang bagaimana sistem peradilan Indonesia menangani perlawanan hukum pihak ketiga terhadap putusan hakim yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap. Legal Efforts to Resist Third Parties (Derden verzet) Against Judge's Decisions That Have Permanent Legal Force (In Kracht Van Gewisjde) is a study that aims to analyze the process of legal resistance carried out by third parties against judge's decisions that have obtained permanent legal force in a legal context Indonesia. This research uses empirical research methods by collecting primary data through interviews with relevant informants and secondary data from related library sources. The results of this research show that in the Derden verzet case, the judge needs to carefully consider aspects related to the subject matter of the case, including witness statements and evidence presented by the opposing party. The recommendation from this research is that it is important for the Supreme Court to develop technical guidelines governing Derden verzet procedures so that they can provide clear guidance for the judiciary in Indonesia in handling cases like this in the future. This study provides valuable insight into how the Indonesian justice system handles third party legal challenges to judges' decisions that have permanent legal force.
Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Penadahan Laptop di Kota Makassar Jumaris, Jumaris; Husen, La Ode; Hambali, Azwad Rachmat
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 7 No 1: April - September 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v7i1.421

Abstract

The persistent criminal offense of receiving stolen laptops poses a significant challenge to the criminal justice system in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against this offence in Makassar City and comprehensively identify and analyze the factors that influence it. The method employed is empirical legal research conducted in Makassar City, involving primary data collection through administering questionnaires to 25 respondents and in-depth interviews with key informants, supplemented by secondary data from a documentary study. Data analysis integrates descriptive quantitative and interpretive qualitative approaches guided by the theoretical framework of legal effectiveness. The primary results of the study convergently indicate that the effectiveness of law enforcement regarding the criminal offense of receiving stolen laptops in Makassar City is generally assessed as less effective, as reflected in the majority perception of respondents and qualitative indicators such as the persistence of perpetrators and the weak deterrent effect of criminal sanctions. Factor analysis identifies several significant determinants contributing to this condition, including limited preventive capacity within the legal structure, low public legal awareness and caution in second-hand goods transactions, the presence of substantial operational constraints in the investigation process, and the dynamics of cooperation between perpetrators of theft and receivers which strengthen criminal resilience. It is concluded that the low effectiveness of law enforcement is the result of the complex interaction of these structural, cultural, operational, and criminal environment factors.
PENANGANAN PELANGGARAN TINDAK PIDANA POLITIK UANG OLEH SENTRA PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERPADU DI KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA Hidayat, Achmad; Thalib, Hambali; Hambali, Azwad Rachmat
Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Maret - Agustus 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/qawaninjih.v4i1.438

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to determine the application of the handling of money politics in Bulukumba Regency, which was carried out by the participants of regional head candidates, voters and campaign teams in the regional head elections in Bulukumba Regency. This research was carried out in Bulukumba district by selecting the agency related to this case, namely the Bulukumba Regency General Election Supervisory Agency.The data collection method used is the interview method and the study of documentation then the data obtained were analyzed descriptively qualitatively so as to reveal the expected results and conclusions on the problem. The results of this study indicate that: The implementation of handling violations of money politics by the Integrated Law Enforcement Center (GAKKUMDU) of Bulukumba Regency in the 2020 regional head election has been carried out with the provisions of the flow of handling election violations based on PERBAWASLU No. 8 of 2020 and there are 11 cases of alleged criminal acts of money politics, 1 case which was forwarded to the District Court. Bulukumba, 10 cases were discontinuedbecause they did not meet the alleged elements. Factors influencing the Integrated Law Enforcement Center in dealing with money politics at the General Elections Supervisory Agency of Bulukumba Regency. There are 3 main problems, namely legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture.The recommendation of this research: it is hoped that the candidates for regional heads, campaign teams, voters, and general election organizers will continue to run democratic parties honestly and fairly. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapanpenanganan tindak pidana politik uang di Kabupaten Bulukumba, yang dilakukan oleh para peserta calon kepala daerah, pemilih dan tim kampanye pada pemilihan kepala daerah di Kabupaten Bulukumba. Pelaksanaan penelitian di kabupaten Bulukumba dengan memilih instansi yang terkait dengan perkara ini yakni di Badan Pengawas PemilihanUmum. Metode penelitian Hukum empiris yang digunakan adalah metode wawancara dan studi dokumentasi kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif sehingga mengungkapkan hasil yang diharapkan dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian penelitian ini menunjukkanbahwa: Pelaksanaan penanganan pelanggaran tindak pidana politik uang oleh Sentra Penegakan Hukum Terpadu (GAKKUMDU) Kabupaten Bulukumba pada pemilihan kepala daerah pada tahun 2020 telah terlaksana dengan ketentuan alur penanganan pelanggaran pemilihan berdasarkan PERBAWASLU No. 8 Tahun 2020 dan terdapat 11 kasus dugaan tindak pidana politik uang 1 kasus yang diteruskan ke pengadilan negeri Kab. Bulukumba, 10 kasus hentikan karena tidak memenuhi unsur yang disangkakan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Sentra Penegakan Hukum Terpadu dalam menangani tindak pidana politik uang di Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Kabupaten Bulukumba. Terdapat 3 pokokmasalah yakni substansi hukum, struktur hukum, budaya hukum. Rekomendasi penelitian ini: diharapkan para calon kepala daerah, tim kampanye, pemilih, dan penyelenggara pemilihan umum untuk tetap menjalankan pesta demokrasi secara jujur dan adil.
Efforts to Combat Sexual Violence Against Women and Children in Makassar City Izzah, Nurul; Hambali, Muhammad Azwad Rachmat; Sutiawati, Sutiawati
Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): September 2024 - February 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/qawaninjih.v5i2.546

Abstract

This article reveals efforts to overcome sexual violence against women and children in the city of Makassar and the factors that influence efforts to overcome sexual violence against women and children in the city of Makassar. The empirical research method was chosen to describe the legal reality in the community in an area that became the research location. The results of this study indicate that efforts to overcome sexual violence against women and children in the city of Makassar are still not maximized. Efforts to overcome sexual violence against women and children in Makassar City carried out by the PPA Unit of the Sul-Sel Regional Police are in the form of pre-emtif, preventive, and repressive efforts. The factors that influence countermeasures carried out by investigators are external and internal factors which include the lack of quantity and quality of investigators, lack of facilities and infrastructure, lack of operational costs, lack of evidence, and lack of community participation. Abstrak: Artikel ini mengungkapkan upaya penanggulangan kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan dan anak di kota makassar serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi upaya penanggulangan kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan dan anak di kota makassar. Metode penelitian empiris dipilih untuk mendeskripsikan kenyataan hukum pada masyarakat pada sebuah wilayah yang menjadi lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya penanggulangan kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan dan anak di kota makassar masih kurang maksimal. Upaya penanggulangan kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan dan anak di Kota makassar yang dilakukan oleh Unit Pelayanan Perempuan dan Anak Kepolisian Daerah Sulawesi Selatan yaitu berupa upaya pre-emtif, preventif, dan upaya represif. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi upaya penanggulangan yang dilakukan oleh penyidik berupa faktor eksternal dan internal yang meliputi kurangnya kuantitas dan kuaitas penyidik, kurangnya sarana dan prasarana, kurangnya biaya operasional, kurangnya alat bukti, serta kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat.
Efektivitas Fungsi Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Pengedaran Narkotika Gunawan M, Muhammad; Kamal, Muhammad; Hambali, Azwad Rachmat
Journal of Lex Theory (JLT) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Lex Theory (JLT)
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Muslim Indonesia

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Abstract

Tujuan penelitian menganalisis implementasi UU No.12/2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual di Polres Maros. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan pendekatan yuridis-empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Unit PPA Satreskrim Polres Maros sudah menerapkan UU No. 12/2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual dari akhir tahun 2023 hingga saat ini, namun UU TPKS ini hanya diterapkan pada Korban Perempuan Dewasa saja, untuk Korban Anak masih menggunakan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak, dan 2) Pembuktian hukum kepada perempuan dewasa yang menjadi korban tindak pidana kekerasan seksual di Kepolisian Resor Maros, masih ada yang kurang berjalan optimal. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya bukti yang didapatkan serta pihak korban yang tidak kooperatif saat dimintai keterangan oleh Penyidik Kepolisian, sehingga penyidik mengalami kesulitan dalam membuktikan perkara tersebut. The research objective is to analyse the implementation of Law No. 12/2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence in the Maros Police Resort. This study is a study with a juridical-empirical approach. The results of the study indicate that: 1) The PPA Unit of the Maros Police Criminal Investigation Unit has implemented Law No. 12/2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence from the end of 2023 until now, but this TPKS Law is only applied to Adult Female Victims, for Child Victims still using the Child Protection Law, and 2) Legal evidence for adult women who are victims of criminal acts of sexual violence in the Maros Police Resort, there are still some that are not running optimally. This is due to the lack of evidence obtained and the victims who are not cooperative when questioned by Police Investigators, so investigators have difficulty in proving the case.
Analysis Legal About Action Criminal Fraud Thrifting Triantari, Verginia Adzraa; Khalid, Hasbuddin; Hambali, Azwad Rachmat
HORIZON PUBLIC LEGAL STUDIES Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Vol 1 No 2 (2025): Horizon Public Legal Studies
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/hegels.v1i2.975

Abstract

This study aims to determine and analyze the enforcement of criminal law in handling cases of second-hand clothing fraud (thrifting). Additionally, it seeks to identify and analyze the factors contributing to such fraudulent activities. This study employs a normative-empirical research method. It applies a literature review approach by examining various legal materials, which are categorized into primary legal materials, such as laws and regulations; secondary legal materials, including books, legal journals, and previous research related to this study; and tertiary legal materials, which serve as supplementary references. The findings of this study indicate that second-hand clothing fraud (thrifting) is regulated under Article 378 of the Criminal Code, which defines fraud as an act of deception or dishonesty for personal gain, punishable by up to four years of imprisonment. Online fraud is addressed in Article 28 of the ITE Law, while Article 47(1) of the Trade Law outlines criminal penalties for importers who illegally import used goods. The factors influencing second-hand clothing fraud (thrifting) include the lack of government supervision despite the many prohibitions on the import of second-hand clothing, as well as insufficient public awareness campaigns regarding the legal consequences of such fraud. Based on these findings, this study provides two key recommendations: first, buyers should verify the credibility of sellers before making a transaction and use a secure platform. second, local governments should raise public awareness about the risks of fraud and imported bans while also providing information about the health risks associated with used clothing.
DIMENSI HUKUM DAN ETIKA DALAM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN NOTARIS ATAS COVERNOTE PALSU: IMPLIKASI TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI DEBITUR Arief, Anggreany; Hambali , Azwad Rachmat
Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law, Desember 2025
Publisher : Postgraduate Bosowa University Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35965/ijlf.v8i1.7875

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk pertanggungjawaban hukum dan etika notaris terhadap penerbitan covernote palsu serta implikasinya terhadap perlindungan hukum bagi debitur. Dalam praktik kenotariatan, covernote merupakan surat keterangan sementara yang sering digunakan oleh lembaga perbankan untuk mempercepat proses pencairan kredit sebelum seluruh dokumen jaminan selesai. Namun, penyalahgunaan covernote dengan memuat keterangan tidak benar menimbulkan kerugian hukum dan finansial, baik bagi kreditur maupun debitur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) serta analisis deskriptif kualitatif terhadap berbagai peraturan, doktrin, dan putusan pengadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa covernote palsu menimbulkan tanggung jawab hukum dalam tiga dimensi: (1) Perdata, berdasarkan Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata tentang perbuatan melawan hukum; (2) Pidana, berdasarkan Pasal 263 dan 378 KUHP mengenai pemalsuan dan penipuan; serta (3) Administratif dan Etika Profesi, melalui sanksi Majelis Pengawas Notaris dan Kode Etik Ikatan Notaris Indonesia (INI). Temuan penelitian menegaskan perlunya regulasi khusus mengenai covernote untuk menghindari kekosongan hukum dan memperkuat pengawasan profesi notaris. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperjelas batas kewenangan notaris serta memperkuat perlindungan hukum bagi debitur dalam praktik kenotariatan dan perbankan di Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the legal and ethical accountability of notaries in issuing false covernotes and its implications for the legal protection of debtors. In notarial practice, a covernote is a temporary certificate often used by banking institutions to facilitate credit disbursement before all collateral documents are completed. However, the misuse of covernotes containing false information can cause significant legal and financial losses to both creditors and debtors. This study employs a normative legal research method using a statutory approach and qualitative descriptive analysis of relevant laws, doctrines, and court decisions. The findings indicate that the issuance of a false covernote entails three dimensions of legal responsibility: (1) Civil, based on Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code concerning unlawful acts; (2) Criminal, under Articles 263 and 378 of the Indonesian Penal Code regarding forgery and fraud; and (3) Administrative and Ethical, through sanctions imposed by the Notary Supervisory Council and the Indonesian Notary Association’s Code of Ethics. The study concludes that specific regulation on covernotes is urgently needed to prevent legal uncertainty and strengthen professional supervision. Hence, this research contributes to clarifying the boundaries of notarial authority and reinforcing the legal protection of debtors within Indonesia’s notarial and banking practices
Co-Authors A. Sudarman Kantao Abd Rahman Achmad Hidayat Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Mohammed Zabidi Alfiani, Andi Nurafni Ayu Alwana, Alwana Andi Hamka Andi Sri Rezky Wulandari Andika Prawira Buana Anggraeny Arief Anggreany Arief Arief, Anggreany Arief, Angreany Baharuddin Badaru Bima, Muh. Rinaldy Eko Pratama Fauziah Ramadani Gunawan M, Muhammad Gusrinaldy Sani Catur Putra Husain Hambali Thalib Hambali Thalib Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar Hardianto Djanggih Hardianto Djanggih Heriandini, Heriandini Hurrya Musdalifah Supardi Husen, La Ode Ilham Ashari Amirullah IZZAH, NURUL Jumaris Jumaris, Jumaris Kamri Ahmad Kantao, A. Sudarman Khalid, Hasbuddin La Ode Husen Maulana Bahrul Muhammad Fatur Ridha Muhammad Ikram Nur Fuady Muhammad Kamal Muhammad Kamran Muhammad Nur Ikram Fuady Muhammad Rinaldy Bima Mulyati Pawennei Mulyati Pawennei Nasrun Hipan Nur Fadhillah Mappaseleng Rafika Nur Rafika Nur Ridwanto Igirisa Rizki Ramadani Salle Salle Sri Widayati Sufirman Rahman Sutiawati, Sutiawati Sutrisno Syarifuddin Syadzafitri Kamila Ridwan Thalib, Hambali Triantari, Verginia Adzraa Ulfa Dian Ushari Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih Yusnani Besse Zainuddin