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Evaluasi potensi mata air dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih Desa Baumata Kecamatan Taebenu, Kabupaten Kupang Theresia Beatrix Kameo; Didik Taryana; Ike Sari Astuti
Jurnal Integrasi dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol. 3 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um063v3i7p784-794

Abstract

The need for clean water is needed to meet daily water needssuch as drinking, cooking, bathing, washing, watering plants and others. Sources of clean water used for daily needs in general must meet quantity and quality standards. Geographical conditions, population size, and socio-economic conditions are closely related to the fulfillment of clean water needs and the quantity and quality of clean water in the region. The research location for Baumata Village is in the administrative area of the Taebanu Kupang. This study uses a survey method. In analyzing the potential of the Baumata spring using this method, it is necessary to collect quantity and quality data that aims to evaluate the potential of the spring in fulfilling the need for clean water. From the results obtained by the Baumata spring, namely the quality of the water is appropriate or according to the standard for clean water quality, based on the yield and quantity of water it can meet the needs of clean water based on a yield of 0.0434 m3/liter or equal to 156,240 liters/second. The supply of clean water needs in Baumata village based on research results is fulfilled, it can be seen in the results of Q more than equal to sigma Ka (156,240 more than equal to 117,413) this shows that the spring discharge is sufficient for the clean water needs of the daily/capita population in meeting the clean water needs of individuals in Baumata Village. Kebutuhan akan air bersih sangat di perlukan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air harian seperti minum, masak, mandi, mencuci, menyiram tanaman maupun lainnya. Sumber air bersih yang digunakan untuk kebutuhan hidup harian secara umum harus memenuhi standar kuantitas dan kualitas. Kondisi geografi, jumlah penduduk, dan sosial ekonomi sangat erat berpengaruh terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih, serta kuantitas dan kualitas air bersih pada wilayah tersebut. Lokasi penelitian Desa Baumata berada pada wilayah administrasi Kec. Taebanu Kap. Kupang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey. Dalam menganalisis potensi mata air Baumata menggunakan metode ini perlu menggumpulkan data kuantitas dan kualitas yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi mata air dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih. Dari hasil yang didapatkan mata air baumata yaitu kualitas air layak atau sesuai standar baku mutuh air bersih, berdasarkan hasil dan kuantitas air dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih bersadarkan hasil 0,0434 m3/liter atau sama dengan 156.240 liter/detik. Suplai kebutuhan air bersih pada Desa Baumata berdasarkan hasil penelitian terpenuhi, dapat dilihat pada hasil Q lebih dari sama dengan sigma Ka (156.240 lebih dari sama dengan 117.413) hal ini menujukan bahwa debit mata air mencukupi kebutuhan air bersih penduduk harian/kapita dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih perindividu di Desa Baumata.
Pengaruh model pembelajaran Group Investigation (GI) pada mata pelajaran geografi terhadap kemampuan memecahkan masalah siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Singosari Lia Yulistiana; Yuswanti Ariani Wirahayu; Didik Taryana
Jurnal Integrasi dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol. 3 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

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Abstract

The ability to solve problems is the availability of a person in the process of thinking and solving a problem, the ability to solve problems needs to be possessed by students, especially high school students. This study aims to determine the effect of the group investigation on the subject of Geography on the problem-solving ability of students in SMA Negeri 1 Singosari, Malang Regency, class XI Social Sciences. The research subjects were XI IPS A as the experimental class and XI IPS B as the control class. The instrument in this study used descriptive questions to measure students' ability to solve learning problems. Data analysis used independent sample t-test using SPSS 2.0 for Windows. The ability to solve learning problems in experimental class students with an average gainscore (18,48) is significantly different from the control class (16,6). This shows that the difference in problem solving abilities of the experimental class students is higher than the control class because the experimental class is given special treatment by using the group investigation learning model. Based on this, it can be concluded that there is an effect of using the group investigation in the Geography learning process on the problem solving ability of students in SMA Negeri 1 Singosari, Malang Regency, class XI Social Sciences. Kemampuan memecahkan masalah adalah ketersediaan seseorang dalam proses pemikiran dan penyelesaian dari suatu masalah, kemampuan memecahkan masalah perlu dimiliki oleh siswa terutama siswa SMA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran group investigation pada mata pelajaran Geografi terhadap kemampuan memecahkan masalah siswa SMA Negeri 1 Singosari Kabupaten Malang kelas XI IPS. Subjek penelitian XI IPS A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XI IPS B kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian adalah soal uraian sebagai alat ukur kemampuan siswa memecahkan masalah Geografi. Analisis data dilaksanakan dengan uji independent sample t-test dengan menggunakan SPSS 2.0 for Windows. Kemampuan memecahkan masalah Geografi di kelas eksperimen dengan hasil rata- rata gainscore (18,48) hal tersebut berbeda signifikan dengan kelas kontrol (16,6). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa perbedaan kemampuan memecahkan masalah siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol dikarenakan kelas eksperimen diberikan perlakuan khusus dengan penggunaan model pembelajaran group investigation. Dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran group investigation pada proses pembelajaran Geografi terhadap kemampuan memecahkan masalah siswa SMA Negeri 1 Singosari Kabupaten Malang kelas XI IPS.
PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR GEOGRAFI KELAS PEMINATAN IPS DENGAN LINTAS MINAT BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI DAN MINAT SISWA TERHADAP GEOGRAFI Muhammad Ayub Djoda; Yusuf Suharto; Purwanto Purwanto; Didik Taryana
GEOGRAPHY : Jurnal Kajian, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan Vol 11, No 2 (2023): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/geography.v11i2.15219

Abstract

Abstrak: Penelitian terdahulu menyebutkan jika kelas peminatan IPS memiliki hasil belajar geografi yang lebih rendah daripada kelas Lintas Minat. Perbedaan hasil belajar terjadi karena terdapat perbedaan faktor internal, seperti persepsi dan minat siswa terhadap geografi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar geografi kelas peminatan IPS dengan Lintas Minat berdasarkan persepsi dan minat siswa terhadap geografi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan statistik inferensial. Populasi berasal dari siswa kelas XI peminatan IPS dan Lintas Minat geografi di SMA Negeri Kota Malang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada hasil belajar geografi kelas peminatan IPS dengan Lintas Minat berdasarkan persepsi dan minat siswa. Siswa kelas peminatan  IPS dengan persepsi positif dan minat tinggi memiliki hasil belajar yang lebih rendah daripada siswa Lintas Minat dengan persepsi negatif dan minat rendah. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bagaimana rendahnya aspek pengetahuan siswa peminatan IPS dibandingkan Lintas Minat. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, pemangku kebijakan kurikulum dan guru geografi perlu menelaah kembali terkait pembelajaran geografi. Abstract: Previous studies stated that Social Science Specialization class had lower geography learning outcomes than Cross-Interest class. The difference in learning outcomes occurs due to differences in internal factors, such as students’ perception and interest of geography. This paper aims to determine the difference of geography learning outcomes of Social Science Specialization and Cross-Interest based on students’ perception and interest of geography. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach using inferential statistics. The research population was XI-grade students from the Social Science Specialization and geography Cross-Interest program at Malang City Public Senior High School. The results showed significant differences in geography learning outcomes of Social Science Specialization and Cross-Interest based on students’ perception and interest. Social Science Specialization students with positive perception and high interest had lower learning outcomes than Cross-Intrest students with negative perception and low interest. This showed how low the cognitive aspect of Social Science Specialization students compared to Cross-Interest. Based on this study, curriculum policy makers and geography teachers need to re-examine geography learning.
PENGARUH PROSES SAINS TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA Wenny Widyastuty Wenny Widyastuty; Sumarmi Sumarmi; Didik Taryana
Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah Vol. 3 No. 2: Oktober 2023
Publisher : Bajang Institute

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Abstract

Creative thinking Siswa diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan tugas pembelajaran dan menulis karya tulis ilmiah khsusnya untuk pembelajaran geografi. Tujuan riset ini yaitu agar mengetahui pengaruh Proses Sains terhadap Kemampuan Creative Thinking dari siswa. Riset dilakukan di MAN 1 Kota Malang menggunakan metode quasi experimen. Subjek yang digunakan yaitu siswa XI IPS 1 dan XI IPS 2 untuk angkatan 2019/ 2020 sebanyak 76 siswa di kedua kelas yang sama. Cara pengumpulan data yaitu soal pilihan ganda creative thinking dengan menganalisis data menggunakan uji Faktorial Anova. Hasil penelitian dipeeroleh nilai Signifikan (2-tailed) yaitu 0,001 < 0,05 berpengaruh signifikan Proses Sains terhadap Kemampuan Creative thinking siswa.
Geographic-inquiry on virtual environment mobile application to support fieldwork based on blended learning Dwi Angga Oktavianto; Sugeng Utaya; Sumarmi Sumarmi; Didik Taryana
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 13, No 1: February 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v13i1.26597

Abstract

Implementing geography learning using the blended learning model is challenging for most geography teachers because this subject is ‘hands-on’ and needs to be learned directly in a real environment using fieldwork. This study aimed to test the pedagogical effectiveness of the geographic-inquiry on virtual environment (GIVE) application in supporting fieldwork based on blended learning to improve students’ geographical thinking. This study used a quasi-experimental method involving 216 high school students from three schools. The paired sample t-test (Sig. 2-tailed 0.000) shows that GIVE has a pedagogical influence on students’ geographical thinking. GIVE also offers a big effect size (Cohen’s d=1.37). The technology and the right smartphone application can help develop a virtual environment close to a real one, so fieldwork and hands-on learning activities can be carried out in blended learning; this helps to increase the quality of geography learning.
Pendugaan erosi menggunakan metode Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) di Sub DAS Bale Salviya, Lujeng Luthvy; Taryana, Didik; Masruroh, Heni; Aristin, Nevy Farista
Jurnal Integrasi dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol. 3 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um063v3i10p1139-1159

Abstract

The Bale River Sub Basin is located in Tulungrejo Village, Gandusari District, Blitar Regency, on territory with undulating topography and at an elevation of 519 to 846 meters above sea level, with steep to extremely steep slopes. The majority of the Bale sub-watershed area's land use, notably forests, has been transformed into agricultural land or mixed gardens, where land conversion is carried out without or with conservation measures under adverse land cover conditions. Land use that does not comply with land conservation requirements exposes the Bale sub-watershed to erosion, and the Bale sub-watershed has steep slopes. As a result, this research aims to forecast the quantity of erosion in the Bale sub-watershed. This study employed a literature review and a field survey, with data collected in the form of primary and secondary sources. The MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation) approach was used for data analysis to estimate the amount of erosion in the research area. According to the findings of this study, the Bale sub-watershed has 18 land units, with land unit 4 having the highest erosion value of 647,99 tons per hectare per year. Land unit 4 has a Vq factor value of 2.322,76 m3, a K value of 0.50, an LS value of 1.7, and a CP value of 0.60 with residential land use and no conservation activities. Meanwhile, land unit 17 had the lowest erosion value of 1,09 tons per hectare per year. The Vq value for the land unit is 686,05 m3, the K value is 0.30, the LS value is 3.8, and the CP value is 0.02 using forest land and conservation methods such as bunds and reinforcing grass. Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai Bale berada di Desa Tulungrejo, Kecamatan Gandusari, Kabupaten Blitar yang memiliki lahan dengan topografi yang bergelombang dan berada pada ketinggian antara 519 – 846 mdpl dan didominasi dengan kelerengan yang curam hingga sangat curam. Penggunaan lahan di sebagian besar wilayah sub DAS Bale, yaitu berupa hutan telah banyak berubah menjadi lahan pertanian atau kebun campuran. Dimana alih fungsi lahan tersebut dilakukan tanpa atau dengan tindakan konservasi dan kondisi penutup lahan yang kurang baik. Pemanfaatan lahan yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan konservasi lahan akan berakibat pada kerentanan sub DAS Bale terhadap kejadian erosi, ditambah Sub DAS Bale memiliki kemiringan lereng yang curam. Dengan demikian, tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk menduga/prediksi besaran erosi di Sub DAS Bale. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur dan survei lapangan dengan data yang digunakan berupa data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation) untuk pendugaan besarnya erosi pada wilayah kajian. Hasil dari penelitian ini, terdapat 18 unit lahan di Sub DAS Bale dengan nilai erosi terbesar pada unit lahan 4 sebesar 647,99 ton/ha/tahun. Satuan unit lahan 4, memiliki nilai faktor Vq sebesar 2.322,76 m3, nilai K sebesar 0,50, nilai LS sebesar 1,7 dan nilai CP sebesar 0,60 dengan penggunaan lahan permukiman tanpa adanya upaya konservasi. Sementara itu, nilai erosi terkecil terdapat pada unit lahan 17 sebesar 1,09 ton/ha/tahun. Nilai Vq pada unit lahan tersebut sebesar 686,05 m3, nilai K sebesar 0,30, nilai LS sebesar 3,8, dan nilai CP sebesar 0,02 dengan penggunaan lahan hutan serta upaya konservasi berupa guludan dan rumput penguat.
Pemetaan distribusi Total Suspended Solid (TSS) di Waduk Gondang Lamongan menggunakan citra landsat multi temporal Na’imah, Nurotun; Taryana, Didik; Purwanto, Purwanto
Jurnal Integrasi dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol. 3 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um063v3i11p1207-1228

Abstract

Total Suspended Solid (TSS) is defined as a collection of suspended matter and particles in water with a size of less than 2 microns. High concentrations of TSS are dangerous because they interfere with light penetration into the water. This disrupts the photosynthesis process and causes reduced oxygen levels in the waters. Conventional TSS monitoring in laboratory tests is considered less efficient regarding time, effort and cost. Therefore, remote sensing technology is a more efficient alternative solution for TSS monitoring in reservoirs. One type of imagery that can be used to monitor TSS in reservoirs is Landsat 8 satellite imagery. This article aims to determine the appropriate empirical algorithm in estimating TSS concentrations in the Gondang Lamongan Reservoir, to examine the spatial distribution of TSS in the Gondang Reservoir with a 3-year time span, namely 2016, 2019, and 2022, and to analyze changes in reservoir TSS conditions in recent years. research year. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative with the application of the Syarif, Parwati and Guzman & Santaella algorithms. The results showed that the condition of TSS from year to year continued to increase. The concentration of TSS is getting worse, which is indicated by an increase in the amount of TSS at the edge of the reservoir, especially at inlet area. The results of the accuracy test show a coefficient of determination of 0.71 for the syarif algorithm which indicates that the syarif algorithm method is quite accurate in estimating the TSS in the Gondang reservoir. Total Suspended Solid (TSS) didefinisikan sebagai kumpulan dari materi dan partikel yang tersuspense di dalam air dengan ukuran mencapai kurang dari 2 mikrometer. Konsentrasi TSS yang tinggi bersifat membahayakan karena mengganggu panetrasi cahaya yang masuk ke dalam air. Hal ini berakibat pada terganggunya proses fotosintesis dan menyebabkan berkurangnya kadar oksigen di perairan. Pemantauan TSS secara konvensional melalui uji laboratorium secara masif dinilai kurang efisien baik dari segi waktu, tenaga dan biaya. Oleh karena itu, teknologi penginderaan jauh menjadi solusi alternatif yang lebih efisien untuk melakukan pemantauan TSS di waduk. Salah satu jenis citra yang dapat digunakan untuk memantau TSS di waduk adalah citra satelit Landsat 8. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menentukan algoritma empiris yang sesuai dalam mengestimasi konsentrasi TSS di Waduk Gondang Lamongan, mengkaji distribusi spasial TSS di Waduk Gondang dengan rentang waktu 3 tahunan, yakni di tahun 2016, 2019, dan 2022, serta menganalisis perubahan kondisi TSS waduk di tahun-tahun penelitian. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan penerapan algoritma Syarif, Parwati dan Guzman & Santaella. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi TSS dari tahun ke tahun terus mengalami peningkatan. Konsentrasi TSS semakin memburuk yang ditandai dengan peningkatan jumlah TSS di bagian tepi waduk yang merupakan area inlet. Hasil uji akurasi menunjukkan nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,71 untuk algoritma syarif dimana hal tersebut menandakan bahwa metode algoritma syarif cukup akurat dalam mengestimasi TSS di Waduk Gondang.
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN DI KECAMATAN DAU BERDASARKAN ARAHAN RTRW KABUPATEN MALANG TAHUN 2010-2030 Kresnajaya, Amin; Taryana, Didik
Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Departemen Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtsl.2024.011.1.12

Abstract

Dau Sub-district is one of the sub-districts in Malang Regency that functions as a settlement development due to the urban development orientation of Malang City. This research aimed to assess the suitability of settlement land in existing conditions and based on the direction of the Malang District RTRW 2010-2030. This research was conducted using a GIS-based process with the AHP weighting method. The AHP parameters consisted of slope, rainfall, COLE index, land movement vulnerability, flood vulnerability, land use, and distance from roads. AHP processing was carried out using Expert Choice 11 software. The land suitability of Dau Sub-district settlements obtained results: S1 class covering 37,12%; S2 class 26,05%; S3 class 16,48%; N1 class 16,32%; and N2 class 4,03% of the study area. Land suitability for settlements in Dau Sub-district based on the 2010-2030 Malang Regency RTRW obtained results: S1 class covers 39,96%; S2 class 47,08%; S3 class 8,23%; N1 class 4,55%; and N2 class 0.18% of the research area. Referring to the RTRW map with existing conditions, the development of residential land has deviated by 39.25%. Areas with classes S1 and S2, which are suitable classes for the development of residential areas, dominate with an even distribution across all villages in Dau Sub-district. The main inhibiting factors affecting the suitability value are slope and disaster vulnerability.
Water Quality of Unconfined Aquifer in Universitas Negeri Malang Following the Drinking Water Quality Standard of Indonesian Ministry of Health Utaya, Sugeng; Taryana, Didik; Mashitoh, Ferryati; Arinta, Dicky; Prasad, Ravinesh Rohit
Tunas Geografi Vol 13, No 1 (2024): JURNAL TUNAS GEOGRAFI
Publisher : Department of Geography Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/tgeo.v13i1.53219

Abstract

Abstract                                                             The quality of groundwater is naturally determined by water-bearing rock characteristics. However, the progression of civilian activities also negatively affects the groundwater quality. Therefore, this study aims to assess groundwater's physical, chemical, and biological characteristics in Indonesia's Universitas Negeri Malang (UM) campus area and evaluate its compliance with drinking water quality standards, particularly the Class A standard. A comparative descriptive strategy was utilized in the study by involving groundwater in the campus area of UM. The focus of the research is water quality in unconfined aquifers. Through purposive sampling, 12 wells were selected to ensure appropriate spatial dispersion. Water samples were collected in sample bottles and tested for physical, biological, and chemical properties. The Perum Jasa Tirta I Malang carried out these water quality tests. Water quality data were analyzed qualitatively, descriptively, and comparatively. This study concludes that (1) the groundwater on the UM campus generally meets the physical criteria for drinking water quality standards; (2) the chemical quality of the groundwater on the UM campus still satisfies the drinking water quality standards; and (3) biologically, the free groundwater on the UM campus fails to meet drinking water quality standards. The novelty of this research is that the biggest threat to the quality of free groundwater in the campus area is bacterial contamination from sanitation activities. Accordingly, it is recommended that groundwater is boiled before being utilized for drinking water purposes to neutralize the E. coli bacteria present in all well water samples.Keywords: Water Quality of Unconfined Aquifer; The Drinking Water; Quality Standard
Efektivitas Model Geographical Inquiry Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Analitis Ditinjau dari Minat Belajar Siswa Purnomo, Helen; Soekamto, Hadi; Kurnia, Alfyananda; Taryana, Didik
Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): November
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jippg.v6i3.61779

Abstract

Kemampuan berpikir analitis siswa masih tergolong rendah karena pembelajaran masih berpusat pada guru terutama pembelajaran Geografi. Hal ini mengakibatkan kurang optimalnya cara berpikir pada diri siswa. Selain itu minat belajar siswa dapat berdampak pada pemikiran analitis. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas model Geo-inquiry terhadap kemampuan berpikir analitis ditinjau dari minat belajar. Desain kelompok menggunakan posttest-only dan metode penelitian kuasi eksperimen digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan menyertakan kelas eksperimen dan kontrol. Siswa kelas XI dijadikan sebagai subjek penelitian yaitu 54 siswa dengan kemampuan setara dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian. Kuesioner dengan skala Likert dan tes uraian digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data kemampuan analitis. Hasil penelitian kemampuan analitis siswa menunjukan bahwa siswa dengan model Geographical inquiry berpengaruh signifikan dibandingkan pembelajaran konvensional. Jika dibandingkan dengan siswa yang minat belajarnya rendah, siswa minat belajar tinggi akan berdampak pada perkembangan kemampuan berpikir analitis. Oleh karena itu, model Geo-inquiry efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir analitis siswa. Simpulan penelitian menunjukan bahwa keterampilan analitis siswa secara signifikan ditingkatkan oleh minat mereka dalam belajar. Implikasi penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan pembelajaran Geo-inquiry  dapat dijadikan solusi yang efektif  bagi guru.