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Ulama, Bureaucrats, and Legislators: Political Negotiations in the Making of Marriage Law No. 1 Of 1974: Ulama, Birokrat, dan Legislator: Negosiasi Politik dalam Pembuatan Undang-Undang Perkawinan No 1 Tahun 1974 Farid, Miftah; Taufan, Rudi; Pratama, Riki
Dame Journal of Law Vol 2 No 1 (2026): DJL
Publisher : Yapilin Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64344/djl.v2i1.90

Abstract

Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage marks a pivotal turning point in the formation of modern family law in Indonesia. While existing scholarship largely focuses on the statute’s normative content and social consequences, limited attention has been given to the political processes through which the law was produced. This article reconstructs the making of the 1974 Marriage Law as a negotiated political settlement among Islamic scholars (ulama), state bureaucrats, and legislators. Adopting a historical socio-legal approach, the study draws on ministerial archives, parliamentary records, policy documents, and contemporary media sources from 1967–1974, analyzed through process tracing to identify the causal mechanisms shaping legal outcomes. The findings demonstrate that the legislation evolved through four phases technocratic drafting, parliamentary contestation, informal elite lobbying, and final compromise during which competing moral, administrative, and political authorities constrained and accommodated one another. The resulting statute embodies a hybrid structure that recognizes religious legitimacy while placing family practices under state administrative control. The article proposes a triangular negotiation model to explain law-making as a multi-actor process and contributes to debates on moral regulation and managed legal pluralism in Muslim-majority societies.
Analisis Kelayakan Teknis Dan Finansial Usaha Tani Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon) Di Kecamatan Cihaurbeuti, Kabupaten Ciamis Farid, Miftah; Nuryaman, Hendar; Mutiarasari, Nurul Risti
Agricultural Socio-Economic Empowerment and Agribusiness Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Agribisnis, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/agrisema.v4i2.108725

Abstract

Lemons (Citrus limon) have considerable potential for further development in Indonesia, although the country still relies on imports to meet its domestic demand. This study aims to analyse the feasibility of lemon farming from technical and financial perspectives, as well as its sensitivity to fluctuations in input and output prices. The research employed a descriptive method using a case study approach on a lemon farmer in Sukamulya Village, Cihaurbeuti District, Ciamis Regency. Technical feasibility was assessed using the Crop Management guidelines issued by APNI Kheti. Financial feasibility was evaluated using four investment criteria, namely Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit–Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP), complemented by sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that, from a technical perspective, lemon farming achieved a conformity level of 61.29% with the Crop Management standards issued by APNI Kheti. Financial feasibility analysis shows a positive NPV of IDR 3,733,653,738, a Net B/C of 4.85, an IRR of 22.80%, and a payback period of 5 years and 8 months. Sensitivity analysis reveals that a 25% increase in labour costs and a 40% decrease in the selling price of lemons reduce the values of NPV, Net B/C, IRR, and PP; however, these indicators remain within acceptable limits, indicating that lemon farming remains financially feasible for further development.