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Journal : Science and Technology Indonesia

A Comparison Study between Green Synthesis of Microwave Irradiation and Solvent Evaporation Methods in The Formation of p-Methoxycinnamic Acid-Succinic Acid Cocrystals Sulistyowaty, Melanny Ika; Setyawan, Dwi; Prameswari, Putu Pradnya Mimba; Susilo, Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat; Amrillah, Tahta; Zaini, Erizal; Zidan, Sabry A. H.
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.629-636

Abstract

Cocrystal of p-Methoxycinnamate acid-succinic acid has been produced by microwave irradiation and solvent evaporation methods. Cocrystals are formed using succinic acid as the coformer at a molar ratio of 1:1. The formation of cocrystal can be done by solvent evaporation method and microwave radiation method. Physicochemical properties have been studied by FT-IR, DSC, PXRD, and SEM analysis. The solubility test was carried out with pH 6.8 phosphate buffer at a temperature of 25±0.5°C for 5 hours and the dissolution test was carried out with 900 mL pH 6.8 phosphate buffer at a temperature of 37±0.5°C with the speed of 75 rpm using a paddle-type dissolution test apparatus. The solubility of PMCA has increased its solubility in cocrystals by the solvent evaporation method by 1.19 times and by the microwave radiation method by 1.16 times compared to PMCA. The dissolution rate of the cocrystals of the solvent evaporation method increased by 3.50 times and the cocrystals of the microwave radiation method increased by 2.29 times compared to PMCA.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis: A Green Chemistry Approach for Drug Cocrystals Synthesis Puspita, Oktavia Eka; Sulistyowaty, Melanny Ika; Salam, Rudy; Setyawan, Dwi
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.4.1130-1147

Abstract

Microwave-assisted synthesis (MAS) presents a promising approach to the formation of pharmaceutical cocrystals, offering notable improvements in solubility, dissolution rate, stability, and bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This review aims to evaluate the potential of MAS as a green and efficient strategy for drug cocrystal synthesis, particularly in comparison to conventional methods such as solvent evaporation, slurry crystallisation, and grinding techniques. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, to ensure a comprehensive selection of relevant studies. The analysis focused on reported synthesis methods, cocrystal formation under microwave exposure, reaction conditions, yields, purity, and scalability outcomes of MAS compared to conventional techniques. This review also highlight current applications, critical synthesis parameters, and challenges such as penetration depth, reaction uniformity, and thermal control. Findings indicate that MAS significantly reduces reaction time, minimizes solvent use, and enhances product purity and yield. Its compatibility with solvent-free or minimal-solvent processes aligns closely with green chemistry principles, making it a sustainable alternative. Furthermore, MAS effectively addresses solubility mismatches and process inefficiencies commonly encountered in traditional methods. The future prospect of MAS lies in its integration with continuous manufacturing, automation, and drug repurposing efforts, which could revolutionize pharmaceutical formulation by accelerating innovation while adhering to environmental and regulatory standards.