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Kun Sri Budiasih
Universitas Negeri Yogayakarta
Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics Social Sciences Other

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Journal : Science and Technology Indonesia

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The Synthesis of CH₃NH₃PbI₃₋ₓBrₓ under Uncontrolled Humidity for Perovskite Solar Cell Application Kusumawardani, Cahyorini; Ikhsan, Jaslin; Budiasih, Kun Sri; Herlambang Nugroho; Widowati, Asri
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.298-310

Abstract

CH₃NH₃PbI₃₋ₓBrₓ perovskite films were successfully synthesized under uncontrolled humidity using a two-step spin-coating method followed by Ostwald ripening (OR) treatment. Bromide incorporation into CH₃NH₃PbI₃ was achieved by diluting the pre-formed CH₃NH₃PbI₃ films with CH₃NH₃Br (MABr) solutions at various concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a tetragonal perovskite phase with reduced lattice parameters as the bromide concentration increased, indicating successful substitution of I⁻ by Br⁻ ions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) characterization showed that moderate bromide incorporation (30–40 mg/mL) produced dense and uniform grains with homogeneous halide distribution, whereas excessive MABr resulted in non-uniform morphology and halide segregation, particularly under humid conditions. Optical analysis revealed a gradual blue shift of the absorption edge, consistent with band gap widening due to lattice contraction. Photovoltaic performance measurements demonstrated that higher MABr concentrations led to decreased current density and fill factor, attributed to excessive bromide content and defect formation. These findings indicate that controlled bromide incorporation via Ostwald ripening using an MABr concentration of 20 mg/mL effectively enhances the structural quality, film stability, and photovoltaic performance of CH₃NH₃PbI₃₋ₓBrₓ perovskite solar cells under humid environments.
Co-Authors A.K Prodjosantoso A.K Prodjosantoso Abdullah Nashih Amin Afikah, Adilah Ajeng Septiana Putri Anna Rakhmawati Arum Restu Widyasti Asri Widowati Astuti Lestari Azlan Kamari Baso Samsu Rijal Bernadetta Octavia Cahyorini Kusumawardani Christanty Wahyu Septyaningrum Christyan, T. David Meilana Nur Arifin Dina Dina Dina Dina, Dina Dyah Purwaningsih, Sugi Rahayu Pujianto Eli Rohaeti Endang Widjajanti Laksono FX Fakhrizal Naufal Goni, Nur Abdul Hari Sutrisno Hasan Adidarma Herlambang Nugroho Isana Supiah Yosephine Louise Isti Yunita Ixora Sartika Mercuriani Jaslin Ikhsan Joronavalona, Rasamimanana K.H. Sugiyarto, K.H. Khoirul Amri Kolonial Prodjosantosa, Anti M. Pranjoto Utomo Marfuatun, Marfuatun Nur Fitriyana Nurfina Aznam Pratama, Faiz Ilham Rahmawati, Vera Dwi Nur Retno Arianingrum Rizka Apriani Putri SAPUTRI, FEBRI Sita Aninda Sari Sri . Handayani Sri Atun Sri Handayani Sri Handayani Suhartini Suhartini Sukisman Purtadi Suwardi Suwardi Tien Aminatun Tisia Miftakhul Triani Triani, Tisia Miftakhul Vera Dwi Nur Rahmawati Wika Rinawati Yunita, Isti