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All Journal Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Sari Pediatri Paediatrica Indonesiana Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Jurnal Respirasi (JR) JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga Journal of the Indonesian Medical Association : Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Jurnal Ilmu Medis Indonesia MEDICINUS Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Folia Medica Indonesiana
Retno Asih Setyoningrum
Departement Of Pediatric, Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Incidence of Pediatric Pulmonary Tuberculosis in East Java, Indonesia Ramadhani, Nabila Putri Himawati; Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Bakhtiar, Arief
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): January - April Edition
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i1.81676

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world’s leading infectious diseases and a cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among children. Despite being both preventable and curable, TB affected an estimated 10.6 million people globally in 2023, including 1.3 million children. In Indonesia, the world’s second-highest TB burden country, pediatric TB is often underdiagnosed due to nonspecific symptoms and difficulty in bacteriologic confirmation. This study describes the incidence and trend of pulmonary TB among children aged 0–14 years in East Java, specifically focusing on data from Surabaya, from 2019 to 2024, and evaluates the role of GeneXpert MTB/RIF and GeneXpert Ultra in improving pediatric TB detection. This descriptive cross-sectional study used secondary data from the East Java Provincial Health Office and the National TB Program (SITB). Annual pediatric TB cases and population data were used to calculate incidence (per 100,000 children). GeneXpert test totals were used to compute the Pediatric TCM Intensity Index (cases per 1,000 tests). This study shows that pediatric TB incidence decreased from 59.0 per 100,000 in 2019 to 31.5 in 2020, then rebounded to 133.1 in 2023 and 124.7 in 2024. Molecular diagnostic capacity increased to 274 connected GeneXpert units and > 375,000 tests by 2023, raising bacteriologic confirmation rates among children. Recently, the incidence of pediatric pulmonary TB in East Java has not yet decreased. Strengthening digital reporting systems, pediatric TB training, and field-based surveillance teams is essential for equitable diagnostic access and achieving Indonesia’s End TB 2030 targets.
Co-Authors Abdul Latief Azis Agoes Boediono Ahmad Suryawan Aida Fahira Rachma Aisah, Nurul Albarok, Muhammad Abdir Rahman Aldise Mareta, Aldise Alpha Fardah Athiyyah Amrina Rosyada Anang Endaryanto Ananto, Muhammad Arif Andri Kurnia Wahyudhi Andy Darma Arda Pratama Putra Chafid Arina Setyaningtyas Bakhtiar, Arief Budi Utomo Budi Utomo Budi Utomo Chafid, Arda Pratama Putra Clarissa Cita Magdalena Darto Saharso Deasy Fetarayani Deby Kusumaningrum Dewi Rahmawati Dharmawati, Ira Didik Didik Handijatmo, Didik Diska Hanifah Nurhayati Djoko Poetranto, Djoko Dominicus Husada Dwi Putri Lestari Dwi Susanti Edith Frederika, Edith Eka Sri Handayani Ergia Latifolia Far-Far, Imanuel Ferry Sandra Gatot Soegiarto Hapsari Widya Ningtiar Hapsari, Rika Hedi Mustiko Hidajat, Boerhan Hubah Asyiroh I Dewa Gede Ugrasena I Gusti Made Reza Gunadi Ranuh I Gusti Ngurah Twi Adnyana Ismoedijanto Khoirunnisa Shafira Deshpande Kristianto, Wigit Laksmi Wulandari Lestari, Sally Rizkita Litiya Parahita Putri Firnadi Lucia Landia Setyowati, Lucia Landia Maharani, Rizky Arisanti Manillaturrochmah Manillaturrochmah Maranatha, Daniel Masaoki Yamaoka, Masaoki Mohammad Yamin Sunaryo Suwandi Muhammad Faris, Muhammad Muhammad Helmi Imaduddin Mustiko MD, Hedi Nabila Annisa Harum Neurinda Permata Kusumastuti Ni Made Mertaniasih Oktaviani, Ranti Dewanti Prananda Surya Airlangga Prasanti, Siva Allysha Pratista Oktafia Pudji Lestari Purwanto, Satiti Palupi Puspamaniar, Vania Ayu Ramadhani, Nabila Putri Himawati Ranti Dewanti Oktaviani Rarome, Berlian Beatrix Ratih Kumala Sari, Ratih Kumala Rebekah Setiabudi, Rebekah Resti Yudhawati Rifah Zafarani Soumena Rika Hapsari Salsabila, Sabila Sembiring, Yan Efrata Shofia Ihtasya SITI NURUL HIDAYATI Sudarmo, Subijanto Marto Syafa'ah, Irmi Tia Harelina Tutwuri Handayani Umiastuti, Pirlina Utariani, Arie Visuddho, Visuddho Widati Fatmaningrum Wigit Kristianto Wiharjo Hadisuwarno Wiweka Merbawani Wungu, Citrawati Dyah Kencono Yuli Astika