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All Journal Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Health and Medical Journal JOURNAL LA MEDIHEALTICO Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Journal of Social Research Jurnal Locus Penelitian dan Pengabdian MEDICINUS Indonesian Basic and Experimental Health Sciences
Nurrachmat Mulianto
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Aerospace Engineering Humanities Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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Journal : Journal of Social Research

 1 
Cluster Differentiation 133 Expression in Patients With Basal Cell Carcinoma: an Immunohistochemical Review Utama, Rahmat Firdaus Dwi; Dharmawan, Nugrohoaji; Murastami, Ammarilis; Mulianto, Nurrachmat; Setyawan, Novan Adi
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 10 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i9.2802

Abstract

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanoma skin cancer in humans, developing on skin exposed to ultraviolet light and rarely metastasizing. Cancer stem cell markers such as CD133 have been extensively studied in various malignancies, but their expression in BCC remains controversial and has not been widely studied in Indonesia. Determine the difference in CD133 expression between BCC patients and normal skin. Analytical observational study with a case control design was conducted at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta from April to July 2025. The sample included 13 BCC tissues and 13 normal skin controls taken by consecutive sampling from paraffin blocks from 2021-2024. CD133 immunohistochemical staining was performed with Allred scoring by a single pathologist on at least four random fields of view. Descriptive analysis presented demographic characteristics and Allred scores, while the Chi square test was used to compare CD133 expression between groups with significance at p < 0.05. The mean CD133 Allred score was 7.15 ± 0.56 in KSB tissue and 7.31 ± 0.48 in normal skin. Strongly positive CD133 expression was found in 12/13 BCC patients and 13/13 normal skin. Chi square analysis showed no significant difference in CD133 expression between the BCC and normal skin groups (p=0.308). CD133 expression based on the Allred score did not differ significantly between BCC tissue and normal skin, indicating that CD133 is not useful as a single marker for the diagnosis or prognosis of KSB
The Clinical Relevance of Serum Interleukin-21 in Grading Acne Vulgaris Dewi, Ayu Kusuma; Irawanto, Muhammad Eko; Kusumawardani, Arie; Dharmawan, Nugrohoaji; Mulianto, Nurrachmat
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 11 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i10.2795

Abstract

Acne vulgaris (AV) is an inflammatory skin disorder with multifactorial pathogenesis involving genetics, hormones, and immune dysregulation. Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a pleiotropic cytokine mainly secreted by T follicular helper and Th17 cells, has been implicated in various inflammatory skin diseases. However, its role in AV remains unclear. This cross-sectional study included 46 patients with AV, classified into mild (n=19), moderate (n=16), and severe (n=11) groups. Serum IL-21 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Baseline characteristics were compared across groups, and interobserver reliability of AV severity grading was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa test. One-way ANOVA was applied to assess differences in IL-21 levels among severity groups, with a significance level set at p<0.05. The mean serum IL-21 level was highest in the severe AV group (303.53 pg/mL), followed by the moderate (223.7 pg/mL) and mild (213.2 pg/mL) groups. Although there was a trend toward increasing IL-21 levels with higher AV severity, statistical analysis revealed no significant difference among the three groups (p=0.130). Serum IL-21 levels were elevated in AV patients compared with previously reported healthy controls but did not differ significantly across severity levels. These findings suggest that IL-21 may play a role in the pathophysiology of AV, though it is not a reliable marker of clinical severity. Further case-control and tissue-based studies are needed to clarify its role.
Physical Stability Evaluation of 5% Curcuma Longa Extract Using the Maceration Extraction Method Arrosyid, Azhar; Mulianto, Nurrachmat; Dharmawan, Nugrohoaji
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 12 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i12.2879

Abstract

Curcuma longa (turmeric) is a medicinal plant widely used for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Cream formulations are ideal for topical delivery due to their ease of application, good absorption, and patient acceptability. The maceration method is a simple and cost-effective technique for obtaining plant extracts without compromising bioactive compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the physical stability of a cream formulation containing 5% Curcuma longa extract prepared using the maceration extraction method. The extract was prepared through maceration of dried turmeric rhizome using ethanol, followed by evaporation to obtain the concentrated extract. The cream was formulated with stearic acid, cera alba, vaselin album, triethanolamine, propylene glycol, and distilled water as base components. Physical stability parameters were tested over seven days, including pH, dispersion, and adhesion tests. Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman test. The pH values ranged from 7.33 to 7.50 (p = 0.006), indicating mild alkalinity but remaining within an acceptable range for topical application. Dispersion remained stable throughout the observation period (p = 0.452), while adhesion increased significantly from 182.71 to 200.04 seconds (p = 0.006), suggesting improved cohesiveness. The 5% Curcuma longa extract cream demonstrated good physical stability, indicating that the maceration method is a viable approach for developing stable topical herbal formulations.
Co-Authors . Hardjono Achmad Satya Negara Adjie, Sugih Primas Adniana Nareswari Ahmad Fiqri, Ahmad Ambar Aliwardani Annisa Fildza Hashfi Arie Kusumawardani Arrochman, Ferry Arrosyid, Azhar Astrid Astari Aulia Aulia Rahman Ayu Kusuma Dewi Azhar Arrosyid Benedikta Lauda Betaubun, Ance Imelda Bobby Febrianto Damayanti, Willa Danu Yuliarto Dhamayanti, Marsita Endy Dharmawan, Nugrohoaji Diana, Rina Dita Eka Novriana Ellistasari, Endra Yustin Endra Yustin Ellistasari Farida Mustifah, Etty Fatiharani Dewi, Putty Fiska Rosita Harijono Kariosentono Indah Julianto Indah Julianto, Indah Irawanto, Muhammad Eko Ivani Kamilah, Lian Kariosentono, Harijono Kusumawardani, Arie Lidjaja, Lifesia Natali Mardiana - Mochtar, Moerbono Muhammad Eko Irawanto Murasmita, Alamanda Murastami, Ammarilis Niluh Wijayanti Novan Adi Setyawan Noviani, Laura Nugraha, Wibisono Nur Ismi Mustika Febriani Nurul Hidayati Oktaviani, Trya Oktriana, Putri Osdatilla Esa Putri Paramita Sari, Anggana Rafika Prasetyadi Mawardi Primisawitri, Pratiwi Prasetya Putti Fatiharani Rafika Paramitasari, Anggana Rieka Sulaikha, Khalida Rinandari, Ummi Rini Hastuti Risman, Muhammad Rosmarwati, Ervina Satya Negara, Achmad Sesia Pradestine Shelly Lavenia Sambodo Siti Efrida Fiqnasyani Suci Widhiati Toha, Synthia Sari Tri Ifanti, Rakhma Tri Irfanti, Rakhma TUTIK RAHAYU Utama, Rahmat Firdaus Dwi Wibisono Nugraha Winda Wijayanti Wirawan, Eka Putra