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All Journal JURNAL HUKUM DiH : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Daulat Hukum Hasanuddin Law Review Sociological Jurisprudence Journal Jurnal Notariil Veteran Law Review AMNESTI : Jurnal Hukum Journal Equity of Law and Governance Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum Jurnal Preferensi Hukum (JPH) Postgraduated Community Service Journal Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Lex Publica Community Services Journal (CSJ) Jurnal Analogi Hukum Law and Democracy Insight
I Gusti Bagus Suryawan
Univesitas Warmadewa
Religion Humanities Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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The Constitutionality of the 2025 Indonesian National Armed Forces Law from the Perspective of the Rule of Law and Democracy Ni Kadek Putri Julia Dewi; I Gusti Bagus Suryawan; Indah Permatasari
Amnesti: Jurnal Hukum Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37729/amnesti.v8i2.8140

Abstract

The enactment of Law Number 3 of 2025 concerning the Indonesian National Armed Forces has generated considerable controversy, as it has been regarded as potentially inconsistent with the principles of the rule of law and democracy. Furthermore, the legislative process did not fully satisfy the three essential elements of meaningful participation. The amendment to Article 47, which expands the number of civilian positions that may be occupied by active military personnel to fourteen positions, has also raised concerns regarding the potential re-emergence of the Dual Function of the Armed Forces (Dwifungsi ABRI) doctrine. Accordingly, this study aims to examine whether the enactment of Law Number 3 of 2025 concerning the Indonesian National Armed Forces complies with the principles of proper law-making and whether the substance of Article 47 is consistent with the principles of the rule of law and democratic governance in the post-Reform era. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches. The findings indicate that the legislative process was inconsistent with the Law on the Formation of Laws and Regulations and the principle of meaningful participation and was not fully aligned with the objectives of the 1998 Reform of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of the legislative process undertaken by the Government is necessary to ensure that the formation and implementation of the law remain consistent with the principles of the rule of law, democratic governance, meaningful public participation, and the objectives of military reform.
Environmental Rights And Access To Justice: Comparing Citizen-Led Environmental Litigation In Indonesia And Timor-Leste I Gusti Bagus Suryawan; Manuel Pinto
Law and Democracy Insight Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Integra Academic Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63208/21015-427

Abstract

This study examines the comparative legal capacity and judicial access for citizen-led environmental litigation in Indonesia and Timor-Leste. Using a normative juridical method with comparative, statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, the study analyzes environmental rights, citizen standing, procedural access, judicial reasoning, state accountability, and remedies. The findings demonstrate that both countries possess normative foundations for environmental protection, but their capacity to transform environmental rights into accessible judicial claims differs. Indonesia has a more developed litigation framework through constitutional recognition of the right to a good and healthy environment, statutory environmental protection, the citizen lawsuit mechanism, and emerging judicial practices concerning environmental and climate justice. Nevertheless, procedural uncertainty, inconsistent climate-related judicial reasoning, limited scientific evidence, and weak administrative compliance with court decisions remain challenges. Timor-Leste has constitutional and institutional foundations for environmental protection, but limited evidence of established citizen-led environmental litigation. Environmental protection is more frequently addressed through regulatory governance, institutional mechanisms, community participation, and international environmental commitments. The study identifies a litigation capacity gap between the two countries. Indonesia has moved further toward judicializing environmental accountability, while Timor-Leste requires stronger mechanisms connecting constitutional rights, citizen standing, judicial access, and effective remedies.
Reconstructing Indonesia’s Green Constitution: From Anthropocentric Environmental Rights Toward Ecocentric Constitutionalism I Gusti Bagus Suryawan
Law and Democracy Insight Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Integra Academic Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63208/21015-550

Abstract

The recognition of environmental rights within constitutional frameworks represents a significant transformation in modern constitutional law. Indonesia has been categorized as a country with a green constitution due to the incorporation of environmental protection principles into the 1945 Constitution, particularly Article 28H paragraph (1), which guarantees the right to a good and healthy environment, and Article 33 paragraph (4), which requires sustainable and environmentally oriented economic development. These constitutional provisions demonstrate Indonesia’s commitment to integrating ecological considerations into state governance. However, despite strong constitutional recognition, environmental degradation, ecological conflicts, and unsustainable natural resource exploitation remain persistent challenges. This study examines whether Indonesia’s environmental constitutional framework has moved beyond an anthropocentric paradigm toward an ecocentric constitutional approach. Using normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes constitutional provisions, environmental legislation, and contemporary theoretical developments in environmental constitutionalism. The study argues that Indonesia possesses a strong normative foundation for environmental protection; however, its constitutional environmental framework remains predominantly human-centred because environmental protection is primarily constructed as a means of protecting human welfare rather than recognizing the intrinsic value of nature.
Legal Harmonization of River Basin Protection in Southern Bali Through an Ecosystem-Based Governance Framework I Gusti Bagus Suryawan; I Nyoman Sutama; I Made Gianyar; I Nyoman Sumardika; Made Dwija Pramana; Ni Komang Ayu Darmayanti
Jurnal Daulat Hukum Vol 9, No 3 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/jdh.v9i3.55885

Abstract

River basin protection in South Bali faces increasing pressures from development, urbanization, and tourism activities that threaten the sustainability of river ecosystems. Although Indonesia has established a legal framework through the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 17 of 2019 concerning Water Resources, environmental protection regulations, and spatial planning law, river basin protection remains constrained by regulatory fragmentation, overlapping authority, and inconsistent spatial utilization. This study aims to analyze the legal construction of river basin protection from the perspectives of water resources, environmental, and spatial planning law; identify normative disharmony and implementation challenges in South Bali; and formulate a legal harmonization model based on an ecosystem-based governance approach. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches. The results indicate that these legal regimes provide a strong normative foundation but continue to operate sectorally, limiting optimal river protection. The proposed harmonization model emphasizes the integration of legal norms, river basin-based spatial planning, strengthened institutional coordination, effective oversight mechanisms, and meaningful public participation. An ecosystem-based approach is essential to balance economic development, legal certainty, and ecological sustainability in river areas, particularly amid the growing development pressures in South Bali.
Critical Analysis of Riverbank Control Governance in Tukad Badung, Bali: An Environmental Law Perspective I Gusti Bagus Suryawan; I Gusti Ngurah Muliartha; Putu Kharisa
Lex Publica Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026):
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58829/lp.13.1.2026.372

Abstract

This study examines the legal protection and implementation of riverbank control in Indonesia, with particular focus on the Tukad Badung riverbank in Bali. The study aims to analyze how riverbank protection is constructed within Indonesia’s environmental, water-resource, and spatial-planning framework and to identify the main implementation challenges affecting its effectiveness. The study uses a socio-legal approach combining normative legal analysis with empirical examination of riverbank management and governance practices. The findings show that Indonesia has a broad legal framework for riverbank protection, covering constitutional principles, environmental law, water-resource regulation, river boundaries, spatial planning, environmental quality standards, and administrative enforcement. However, the main challenge is an implementation gap rather than a regulatory vacuum. In Tukad Badung, this gap is reflected in inconsistent control of existing land uses, fragmented institutional responsibilities, limited continuous supervision, reactive enforcement, socio-economic pressures, limited community participation, and weak integration with wider watershed and urban environmental management. The study highlights the need for coordinated regulatory implementation through clear institutional responsibilities, continuous preventive supervision, fair enforcement, and meaningful community participation. Riverbank control should also integrate drainage, waste management, water-quality protection, flood management, and urban development policies to strengthen accountable and sustainable riverbank governance.
Judicial Reasoning on Climate Justice in Indonesian Citizen Lawsuits: A Constitutional Environmental Perspective I Gusti Bagus Suryawan; Ketut Ngastawa; Agus Apriawan
Jurnal Hukum Vol 42 No 4 (2026): Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Unissula

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26532/jh.v42i4.55799

Abstract

Climate change and environmental degradation have driven new developments in environmental law, particularly regarding the role of courts in ensuring state responsibility for ecological protection. This study aims to analyze how Indonesian courts’ judicial reasoning is constructed in environmental citizen lawsuit cases and to formulate a model for strengthening legal reasoning to institutionalize constitutional climate justice in the Indonesian legal system. This study uses normative legal research methods with statutory, conceptual, case-based, and comparative approaches. The analysis is conducted on several strategic environmental cases, including the Samarinda mining lawsuit, Jakarta air pollution, the Kendeng dispute, and forest fires, and is compared with developments in international climate litigation such as Urgenda v. State of the Netherlands, Neubauer v. Germany, and Milieudefensie v. Shell. The results show that Indonesian judicial reasoning has evolved from an administrative legality approach to a constitutional approach that recognizes the right to the environment, active state obligations, public participation, the precautionary principle, and ecological restoration. However, these principles are still partially implemented. This research proposes a Constitutional Climate Justice Framework that integrates constitutional environmental rights, state climate obligations, science-based governance, environmental democracy, intergenerational justice, and restorative obligations as a model for strengthening the role of courts in addressing the challenges of climate change.
Co-Authors A.A. Ayu Wulan Pramesti A.A. Ayu Wulan Pramesti Agus Apriawan Agus Wandayuda Anak Agung Bagus Brameswara Somanatha Anak Agung Gede Wiweka Narendra Anak Agung Ngurah Bagus Raditya Wikananta Ayu Putu Putri Shinta Dewi Cesaltina Angela Soares Dewa Gede Agus Anjaswara Fatikhah Kismilarsih Fatikhah Kismilarsih Gede Nofantara Putra Hasibuan, Nella I Dewa Gede Anggarisna I Gde Pasek Ari Krisnadana I Gede Ary Setiawan I Gede Kresna Udayana I Gede Ngurah Bayu Krisna I Gusti Agung Ngurah Diego Arimbawa I Gusti Ayu Mas Yuni I Gusti Ayu Suanti Karnadi Singgi I Gusti Made Bayu Nugraha I Gusti Ngurah Muliarta I Gusti Ngurah Muliarta I Gusti Ngurah Muliartha I Gusti Ngurah Putra Pratama I Gusti Ngurah Raka Wedatama I Kadek Andika Setiawan I Ketut Ngastawa I Komang Agustina Aditya Putra I Made Aditya Mantara Putra I Made Arif Dwi Cahyadi I Made Gianyar I MADE MINGGU WIDYANTARA, I MADE MINGGU I Nengah Laba I Nyoman Gede Sugiarta I Nyoman Putu Budiartha I Nyoman Sujana I Nyoman Sumardika I NYOMAN SUTAMA I Nyoman Sutama I Putu Gede Bayu Sudarmawan I Putu Ngurah Aryana I Putu Satya Guna Dharma I Putu Satya Guna Dharma I Wayan Arthana I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Rideng I Wayan Wesna Astara I Wayan Wirya Sastrawan I. A. Wulan Prawesti I. B. Komang Suarka Indah Permatasari Indah Permatasari Intan Permata Sari Johannes Ibrahim Kosasih Jon Samuel Sonbay Karma, Ni Made Sukaryati Kartana, I Wayan Ketut Ngastawa Klaustra Adhi Permana Klaustra Adhi Permana Klaustra Adhi Permana Luh Putu Sudini M. Ngurah Arya Yogie Krsna M. Ngurah Yogie Khrsna Made Ayu Wangi Utari Suryatika Made Dwija Pramana Made Ratih Pradnyantari Manuel Pinto Mirela Maria Ribeiro Guterres Muhammad Ihsan Mulyawati, Kade Richa Ni Gek Ayu Septi Nohanaa Ni Gek Ayu Septi Nohanaa Ni Gusti Ketut Sri Astiti Ni Kadek Putri Julia Dewi Ni Ketut Puput Cahyaningsih Ni Komang Ayu Darmayanti Ni Luh Made Mahendra Wati Ni Luh Made Mahendrawati Ni Luh Sandiani NI MADE ANGGITA SASTY YUDIADEWI Ni Made Faniasih Ni Putu Ayu Sutarini Dewi NM Jaya Senastri NM Jaya Senastri Oka Sugiadnyana, I Made Putu Gede Satya Wiguna Putu Kharisa Putu Suryani . Ramot H.P Limbong Ria Trisnomurti Rica Zakia Angelina Sanjaya, I Gusti Agus Maha Putra Senastri, Ni Made Jaya Serly Septiana Panca Putri Soares, Cesaltina Angela Styawati, Ni Komang Arini Sugiartha, I Nyoman Gede Sujana, I Nyoman Suryani, Luh Putu Trisnomurti, Ria Widiati, Ida Ayu Putu Wiguna, Putu Gede Satya Yohanes I Wayan Suryadi Yohanes I Wayan Suryadi