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Improved Indoor Localization Mechanism for Automated Guided Robots Using Bluetooth Beacons Irsyadi, Fakih; Hendry, Jans; Saputro, Joko Slamet; Sasongko, Aji Bambang; Gumay, Muhammad Harrys
Journal of Electrical, Electronic, Information, and Communication Technology Vol 7, No 1 (2025): JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC, INFORMATION, AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jeeict.7.1.100928

Abstract

Robot localization is essential for successful navigation, particularly in indoor environments where Global Positioning System (GPS) devices are ineffective. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons provide a promising solution by transmitting 2.4GHz signals that can be interpreted by nearby robots. The trilateration method, utilizing Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values from BLE beacons at predefined locations, enables position estimation. However, RSSI values are highly susceptible to fluctuations and environmental interference, leading to significant errors. This research addresses these challenges by developing a low-cost beacon device using an ESP32 microcontroller and implementing a Kalman filter to minimize RSSI fluctuations. A curve fitting method is applied to convert filtered RSSI data into distance estimates, offering improved accuracy compared to the path loss model. The trilateration approach determines the robot’s position based on three dominant BLE beacons, selected for their signal strength. Results demonstrate that the proposed localization system is effective, with the integration of the Kalman filter and beacon selection mechanism significantly enhancing positional accuracy. This study contributes to the advancement of indoor localization by providing a robust and cost-efficient system suitable for autonomous mobile robot navigation.
Developing Wide Flexible Robust PWM Driver by Flip Flop For Supporting The SMPS Technology Sujono, Augustinus; Adriyanto, Feri; Maghfiroh, Hari; Saputro, Joko Slamet; Ramelan, Agus
Journal of Electrical, Electronic, Information, and Communication Technology Vol 2, No 1 (2020): JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC, INFORMATION, AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jeeict.2.1.41352

Abstract

The limitation of the operational area of the PWM signal generator provided by the microprocessor or chip, give the opportunity to develop flip flop technology that has been widely used in digital technology as a latch, counter, register, memory and so on, will  be able to be developed into a PWM driver. Flip flop technology has developed and is able to reach a very wide operational area regarding voltage and frequency variations. So in this research flip flop technology was developed as a PWM signal driver and the results were better, involving the ability to vary voltage from 6 to 60 Volts, frequencies from 2 to 81 kHz and duty cycles of 10 -75%. Furthermore, if a component with higher capability is selected, it will be able to operate in very low to very high operating areas, exceeding the capabilities of the microprocessor or chip.