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Retnaningsih Retnaningsih
Departemen Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen Fakultas Ekologi Manusia Institut Pertanian Bogor
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Glioblastoma dengan Deep Vein Thrombosis pada pasien COVID-19: Sebuah Laporan Kasus Tugasworo, Dodik; Kurnianto, Aditya; Retnaningsih, Retnaningsih; Andhitara, Yovita; Ardhini, Rahmi; Priambada, Dody; Daynuri, Daynuri
Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1A (2020): Med Hosp
Publisher : RSUP Dr. Kariadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (695.084 KB) | DOI: 10.36408/mhjcm.v7i1A.468

Abstract

Latar belakang: Glioblastoma (GBM) berhubungan dengan peningkatan hiperkoagulabilitas dan peningkatan risiko dari venous thromboembolism (VTE) (termasuk Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)). VTE merupakan komplikasi kardiovaskular atau respirasi yang sering ditemukan pada pasien-pasien yang dirawat inap karena COVID-19. Hubungan mengenai VTE pada kasus GBM dan COVID-19 belum pernah dibahas sebelumnya. Laporan kasus ini akan membahas tentang seorang wanita usia 55 tahun dengan GBM dan DVT dengan hasil PCR SARS-CoV-2 positif yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. Kariadi. Laporan kasus: Wanita 55 tahun datang ke rumah sakit dengan nyeri kepala dan nyeri serta bengkak pada tungkai kanan. Pada pemeriksaan laboratorium didapatkan INR 0.92, D-Dimer kuantitatif 46540 ug/L, dan titer fibrinogen kuantitatif 234 mg/dL. Dari USG vena doppler tungkai kanan didapatkan gambaran DVT sepanjang vena tungkai kanan, pada pemeriksaan MRI kepala dan biopsi tumor sesuai dengan gambaran GBM, hasil pemeriksaan foto rontgen thoraks terjadi perburukan gambaran paru, serta pemeriksaan PCR SARS-CoV-2 positif. Pembahasan: Pada pasien ini, kondisi GBM dapat menyebabkan adanya kondisi hiperkoagulabilitas akibat neoangiogenesis, mutase onkogenik, dan aktivitas kronik kaskade koagulasi. Selain itu, infeksi dan inflamasi yang berat berkontribusi dalam berkembangnya DVT, seperti yang ditemukan pada pasien dengan COVID-19 yang parah. Pada pasien rawat inap dengan COVID-19, prevalensi DVT tinggi dan biasanya memiliki outcome yang buruk. Istilah COVID-19 associated coagulopathy (CAC) digunakan untuk menggambarkan perubahan koagulasi pada pasien yang terinfeksi COVID. Simpulan: Peningkatan risiko DVT pada pasien dengan glioblastoma dan infeksi COVID-19 disebabkan hiperkoagulabilitas dan koagulopati akibat sel tumor dan virus SARS-CoV-2. Kata Kunci: glioblastoma, DVT, COVID-19 Introduction: GBM is associated with increased of hypercoagulability and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) (include Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)). VTE is a cardiovascular or respiratory complication that is often found in patients with COVID-19. The relationship of VTE in GBM and COVID-19 has not been discussed before. This case report will discuss a 55-year-old woman with GBM and DVT with a positive SARS-CoV-2 treated at Dr. Kariadi Hospital. Case presentation: A 55-year-old woman came to the hospital with cephalgia, pain and redness in the right leg. On laboratory examination, it was obtained INR 0.92, quantitative D-Dimer 46540 ug/L, and quantitative fibrinogen titer 234 mg/dL. Venous doppler USG of right leg showed the imaging of DVT along the venous system in right leg. Head MRI and tumor biopsy showed the imaging of GBM, on the chest X-ray examination showed the deterioration of the lung damage, and positive SARS-CoV-2 with PCR examination. Discusssion: GBM can cause hypercoagulability due to neoangiogenesis, oncogenic mutation, and chronic coagulation cascade activity. In addition, severe infection and inflammation contribute to the development of DVT, as found in patients with severe COVID-19. In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the prevalence of DVT is high and usually has a poor outcome. The term COVID-19 associated coagulopathy (CAC) is used to describe changes in coagulation in patients infected with COVID-19. Conclusion: Increased risk of DVT in GBM and COVID-19 is because of hypercoagulability and coagulopathy due to tumor cells and SARS-CoV-2 virus. Keywords: glioblastoma, DVT, COVID-19
Ensefalitis pada Infeksi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur Retnaningsih, Retnaningsih; Kurnianto, Aditya; Tugasworo, Dodik `; Andhitara, Yovita; Ardhini, Rahmi; Satrioaji, Hari Wahono; Budiman, Jethro
Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1A (2020): Med Hosp
Publisher : RSUP Dr. Kariadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (848.045 KB) | DOI: 10.36408/mhjcm.v7i1A.483

Abstract

Latar belakang: Infeksi Corona Virus Disesase 2019 (COVID-19) pertama kali terdeteksi pada Desember 2019 di Cina dan telah menyebar dengan cepat ke seluruh dunia. World Health Organization (WHO) baru-baru ini mengumumkan COVID-19 merupakan pandemi dunia dengan lebih dari 180.000 kasus dilaporkan hingga saat ini. Manifestasi neurologis dari COVID-19 berkaitan dengan penyakit serebrovaskular akut, gangguan kesadaran, dan kasus ensefalopati nekrotik hemoragik akut. Tujuan dari tinjauan literatur ini adalah mengkaji secara teori berdasarkan literatur tentang hubungan ensefalitis dan infeksi COVID-19. Metode: Review literatur Pembahasan: Ensefalitis dapat menyertai penyakit virus, seperti pada infeksi COVID-19. Ensefalitis virus mempengaruhi anak-anak, dewasa muda, atau pasien lanjut usia. Virus severe acute resporatory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dapat masuk ke sistem saraf pusat melalui nervus olfaktorius. Simpulan: Diagnosis ensefalitis COVID-19 dapat ditegakkan dengan anamnesis; pemeriksaan fisik; dan pemeriksaan penunjang berupa laboratorium darah, CT scan kepala, MRI serebral, EEG, analisa cairan serebrospinal, dan pemeriksaan PCR SARS-CoV-2 dari cairan serebrospinal. Kata Kunci: COVID-19, ensefalitis, neurologi Background: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection was first detected in December 2019 in China and has spread rapidly throughout the world. World Health Organization recently announced COVID-19 is a world pandemic with more than 180,000 reported cases. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 were an acute cerebrovascular disease, impaired consciousness, and acute hemorrhagic necrotic encephalopathy. The aim of this literature review is to analyse theoretically based on literature about encephalitis in COVID-19.Methods: A literature reviewDiscussion: Encephalitis can accompany viral diseases, such as COVID-19. Viral encephalitis affects children, young adults, or elderly patients. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the central nervous system via the olfactory nerve.Conclusion: Covid-19 encephalitis can be detected by anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting examination: blood laboratory finding, head CT scan, cerebral MRI, EEG, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and PCR test of SARS-CoV-2 by CSF. Keywords: COVID-19, encephalitis, neurology
The Outcome of Surgical and Radiotherapy in Central Neurocytoma: A Case Report: The Outcome of Surgical and Radiotherapy in Central Neurocytoma: A Case Report Ardhini, Rahmi; Tsaniadi Prihastomo, Krisna; Firli Bramantyo, Dion; Tugasworo, Dodik; Retnaningsih, Retnaningsih; Andhitara, Yovita Andhitara; Kurnianto, Aditya Kurnianto; Budiman, Jethro
Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9 No. 3 (2022): Med Hosp
Publisher : RSUP Dr. Kariadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36408/mhjcm.v9i3.554

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Central neurocytoma (CN) is an infrequent and non-malignant neuro-epithelial tumor. CN is mostly found in lateral ventricle and may generate obstructive hydrocephalus. Surgical-radiation can increase patient survival and prognosis. This case report presented a rare case about 30-year-old female with CN. CASE PRESENTATION: 30-year-old female came to the hospital with severe headache and vomiting. Brain MRI showed a heterogeneous mass in right lateral ventricle causing obstructive hydrocephalus. The patient undergone partial resection. CN confirmed from histopathological analysis. Afterward, patient received 54 Gy conventional radiotherapy. 3 months after radiation, patient remain asymptomatic and no neurological deficit. Brain MRI evaluation showed slightly reduction of tumor mass (from 4,09 x 3,01 x 4,13 cm before radiation to 4,00 x 3,86 x 3,63 cm after radiation). DISCUSSION: This case report was consistent clinically, radiologically, and histopathologically with intraventricular CN. Headache and vomiting in patient due to the raised intracranial pressure from tumor mass and obstructive hydrocephalus. Headache is a significant and most frequent symptom in intraventricular tumors, may be caused by traction or compression of the pain-sensitive structures such as meningen and intracranial vasculature. Optimal management of CN still remains controversial due to their rarity. However, surgical management with gross total resection is the gold standard of treatment modality, associated with good prognosis and longer progression-free survival. CONCLUSION: Based on clinical characteristic, radiographic finding and histopathological features; this case was consistent with CN of the lateral ventricle. Surgical as the treatment option followed by radiation has led to good clinical outcome in this patient. KEYWORDS: central neurocytoma, hydrocephalus, neuro-epethelial tumor, radiotherapy
Serial Case: Infarct Stroke In Covid 19 Patients Retnaningsih, Retnaningsih; Tamad, Fatiha Sri Utami; Tugasworo, Dodik; Andhitara, Yovita; Ardhini, Rahmi; Kurnianto, Aditya
Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2023): Med Hosp
Publisher : RSUP Dr. Kariadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36408/mhjcm.v10i1.744

Abstract

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to cause various neurological symptoms including stroke. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes the release of cytokines, proinflammatory chemokines, immune system activation, coagulopathy, endothelium, vasculitis, hypoxia, renin-angiotensin system imbalance, and cardiovascular complications, all of which can contribute to stroke. Purpose: Describe the incidence of stroke with different conditions in COVID 19 Cases: There were two cases of stroke infarct in a COVID-19 patient who was admitted to our hospital. Both were treated with a diagnosis of stroke infarct with previous COVID-19 symptoms, the results of laboratory examinations revealed an increase in inflammatory markers in both patients and had been given appropriate treatment according to each patient's condition. But at the end of the treatment one patient died and the other patient went home with clinical improvement. Discussion: The incidence of stroke infarct in this case is thought to be due to several factors, namely the presence of comorbidities in the patient, microvascular thrombus due to the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), activation of complement which causes thrombogenesis and vasculopathy, formation of antiphospholipid antibodies so that protein c is reduced, the formation of microparticles causes platelet hyperactivation. and increased tissue factor (TF) resulting in hypercoagulation. Adequate therapy in controlling inflammation due to COVID 19 has shown clinical improvement in stroke infarct patients. Conclusion: There are 2 cases of stroke infarction in patients with covid 19 who have comorbidities. The first case with COVID advanced stages experienced a worsening of the condition despite being given appropriate therapy. The second case with COVID middle stages experienced an improvement in the condition after the viral inflammatory factors were controlled and the comorbidity was well controlled.
Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Carotid Intima Medial Thickness Progression in Post Ischemic Stroke Patient: Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Carotid Intima Medial Thickness Progression in Post Ischemic Stroke Patient Kurnianto, Aditya; Retnaningsih, Retnaningsih; Tugasworo, Dodik; Andhitara, Yovita; Ardhini, Rahmi; Budiman, Jethro
Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022): Med Hosp
Publisher : RSUP Dr. Kariadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (362.471 KB) | DOI: 10.36408/mhjcm.v9i2.750

Abstract

Background : Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is believed to associate with cholesterol level, a risk factor of ischemic stroke. CIMT (carotid intima-media thickness) can be used to determine the degree of atherosclerosis. Increased CIMT may predict ischemic stroke recurrence. This study aimed to determine association between increased CIMT in post ischemic stroke patients and APOE genotype. Methods : This was an epidemiological prospective study involving 71 post ischemic stroke patients (1 month from onset), admitted from 2012 to 2013. CIMT was examined with carotid duplex ultrasound at 1st, 6th, and 12nd month after stroke onset. APOE gene polymorphism was examined using HRM (high-resolution melting) which is a simple method, accurate, and sensitive for genotyping. Results : We found 5 APOE gene variation categories, i.e. E2E3, E2E4, E3E3, E3E4, and E4E4. The most common allele was E3 and genotype groups E3E3 was the majority of the population. E2E4 allele had the highest CIMT level among others, in the 1st month, 6th month, and 12nd month after stroke, with no association with hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. E3E3 allele was most often associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Conclusion : The results showed that APOE genotype E2E4 may independently constitute risk factor for atherosclerosis progression (CIMT) in post ischemic stroke patients. While the E3E3 genotype was often associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Our results suggest that APOE E4 was not an important risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in post ischemic stroke patient.
Analisis Variasi Genetik Gen Angiotensinogen M235T pada Penderita Stroke Iskemik di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Kariadi, Semarang secara Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polimorfism (PCR- RFLP) Tugasworo, Dodik; Retnaningsih, Retnaningsih; Kurnianto, Aditya; Suryadi, Suryadi; Rahmawati, Dani; Rahmayanti, Rahmayanti; Budiman, Jethro
Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2023): Med Hosp
Publisher : RSUP Dr. Kariadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36408/mhjcm.v10i1.833

Abstract

Background: Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in the world. The incidence of ischemic stroke is influenced by genetic factors, environmental factors and their interactions. Genetic variation of the Angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T gene is associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which are risk factors for stroke. Objective: To examine the genetic variation of the Angiotensinogen M235T gene in patients with Ischemic Stroke treated at Dr. Kariadi General hospital, Semarang. Method: The subjects of the study were 72 ischemic stroke patients who were treated at the outpatient clinic of the Neurology Department Dr. Kariadi Semarang in January - December 2013. DNA extraction of research subjects was performed at the CEBIOR laboratory, Diponegoro National Hospital from January to March 2020. Amplification was performed with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Digestion of PCR products was using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results: Out of 72 samples, the AGT M235T CT were found in 37 samples (51.4%), the AGT M235T TT gene was found in 35 samples (48.6%) and no samples showed the AGT M235T CC. Conclusion: There are 3 types of genetic variants of the AGT M235T gene, including the AGT M235T CT, the AGT M235T TT and the AGT M235T CC. Among the three types of variants, the variant of the AGT M235T CT gene is the most common variant found in ischemic stroke patients treated at the Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang.
The Wistar Rat Parietal Lobe Cell And Pain Perception Changes After Frequent Of Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Wave Expose Tamad, Fatiha Sri Utami; Budisulistyo, Trianggoro; Husni, Amin; Retnaningsih, Retnaningsih; Suryawati, Herlina; Suryadi, Suryadi
Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023): Med Hosp
Publisher : RSUP Dr. Kariadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36408/mhjcm.v10i2.884

Abstract

Background: The increasing number of mobile phone users raises concerns about the effects. Mobile phone electromagnetic wave radiation harms pain perception due to granular cell changes in the cerebral parietal cortex. Objective: To determine the effect of exposure to electromagnetic waves mobile phone on pain perception due to changes in the granular cells of the cerebral parietal cortex Wistar rats. Methods: Experimental research using randomized posttest with control group design. Samples were 28 rats divided into 4 groups. The control group was not exposed, the treatment group was exposed to 2100 MHz electromagnetic waves for 2 hours/day with a distance of 3 cm for 15 days in treatment group 1, for 30 days in treatment group 2, and 45 days in treatment group 3. Measurement of pain onset using the hot method. Changes in pain threshold were taken from the difference in pain onset after exposure to before exposure. Granular cell changes in the cerebral parietal cortex were assessed from the total score with the provisions of normal cells (sumx0), hydropic degenerated cells (sumx1), and necrotic cells (sumx2). Results: The longer the exposure to mobile phones, the higher the pain threshold and the cerebral parietal cortex granular cell damage score. There was a significant difference in pain threshold and changes in cerebral parietal cortex granular cells between groups (p=0.000). There was a significant relationship between changes in the parietal cerebral cortex granular cells and pain threshold in Wistar rats exposed to electromagnetic waves (p=0.000). Conclusion: Exposure to mobile phone electromagnetic waves affects pain perception due to changes in the granular cells of the cerebral parietal cortex in wistar rats.
Correlation between Blood Vitamin D Levels and Lipid Profiles in Post-Ischemic Stroke Patients Jaeri, Santoso; Retnaningsih, Retnaningsih; Husni, Amin; Maharani, Nani; Anjani, Gemala
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 24, No 2 (2024): July
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/mmjkk.v24i2.22202

Abstract

Dyslipidemia and vitamin D deficiency are the predisposing factors for stroke. It is also established that vitamin D contributes to cholesterol metabolisms. Unfortunately, there is no evidence regarding the correlation between blood vitamin D levels and lipid profiles in patients with post-ischemic stroke. Herewith, the authors determine the correlation between blood vitamin D levels and lipid profiles among patients with post-ischemic stroke. A cross-sectional approach among 40 patients with post-ischemic stroke was obtained consecutively. Demographic characteristics, as well as the history of other diseases and 24 24-hour recall diet, were recorded. Then, the measurement of blood vitamin D levels and lipid profiles, such as total, LDL, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, were performed. Their correlations were determined using the Spearman correlation test. Among 40 subjects, no significant correlation was revealed between blood vitamin D levels and the serum total, LDL, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides levels (p=0.898, 0.560, 0.361, and 0.622 respectively, and r=0.021, -0.095, 0.080, and 0.080 respectively). To summarize, there is no significant correlation between blood vitamin D levels and all lipid profiles in patients with post-ischemic stroke.
CORRELATION OF TNF-ALFA INFLAMMATION BIOMARKER LEVELS WITH THE INDONESIAN VERSION OF MONTREAL COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT (MOCA-INA) SCORES IN LAKUNAR ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS Hamdani, Faishol; Hartono, Jimmy Eko Budi; Tugasworo, Dodik; Retnaningsih, Retnaningsih; Suryawati, Herlina; Puspitawati, Arinta
Seroja Husada: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 1 No. 5 (2024): Seroja Husada: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat
Publisher : Seroja Husada: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background: Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is responsible for modulation the immune system. TNF-α is another important mediator involved in stroke pathophysiology. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a major cause of lacunar ischemic stroke. In stroke there is an increase in TNF-α levels where post-stroke neuroanatomic damage can cause cognitive impairment. Objective: Proving the relationship between TNF-α serum levels on the day 3 of onset and the Moca Ina score on the day 7 of onset, day 30, and the difference in MoCa-INA scores and analyzing the relationship of risk factors cognitive function in lacunar ischemic stroke patients. Methods: An analytical observational study with a prospective cohort approach. Subjects were first-time lacunar ischemic stroke with blood sampling on the day 3 of onset to evaluate TNF-α levels. Cognitive function was examined by the MoCa-INA score which was evaluated on day 7 and day 30. Eta correlation test to connect TNF-α levels with MoCa-INA scores. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes used between the MoCa-INA score and other confounding factors. Results: There was a strong correlation between TNF-α levels on day 3 of onset and MoCA-INA on day 7 (ƞ= 0.972), a very strong correlation was found between TNF-α levels on day 3 of onset and MoCA-INA on day 30 (ƞ= 1,000), and there was a strong correlation between TNF-α levels on day 3 of onset and the difference between MoCA-INA (ƞ=0.905). there is a confounding variable diabetes mellitus that affects the 7th day of MoCA-INA. In the sub-analysis study, the mean serum TNF-α level on cognitive impairment on day 30 was higher than on day 7 with the most dominant domains being visuospatial and executive. Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between serum TNF-α levels and MoCa-INA scores in lacunar ischemic stroke patients, and there is one confounding variable of diabetes mellitus that affects the MoCa-INA score on the 7th day of examination.
Optimizing Brain-Computer Interfaces for Methampetamine Use Disorder through Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) and Transcranial Doppler Analysis: Article Review Caroline, Maria; Syahrul, Syahrul; Tugasworo, Dodik; Retnaningsih, Retnaningsih; Juswanto, Gerard
Jurnal Health Sains Vol. 5 No. 9 (2024): Journal Health Sains
Publisher : Syntax Corporation Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/jhs.v5i9.1372

Abstract

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a system that allows a person to control external devices using only their brain activity. It works by translating brain signals into commands that can be understood by a computer. Several lines of evidence demonstrated the deleterious effect of methamphetamine (MA) on neurological and psychological functions. The use of amphetamines, such as MA, is associated with cerebrovascular complications such as cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) ,hemorrhage, hypoxic damage and vasculitis. Interestingly, while changes to cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to acute amphetamine exposure have been reported. Transcranial Color Doppler (TCCD) is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses ultrasound waves to measure blood flow velocity in the major arteries of the brain, specifically within the circle of Willis. The research paper you referenced explores the use of TCCD as a potential measurement modality for BCIs. Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) is a powerful tool for understanding brain function qEEG can reveal specific brain wave patterns associated with drug addiction, potentially providing insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and relapse risk in Methamphetamine User Disorder (MUD). There is growing research interest in using Transcranial dopller as a measurement modality for BCIs.Here are some of the key considerations for using Transcranial doppler in BCIs: Mental Tasks, signal processing and classification, accuracy and reliability. Transcranial doppler provides information about blood flow in specific arteries but lacks detailed spatial information about brain activity. These patterns could vary depending on the type of drug, the severity of addiction, and individual differences. Transcranial doppler in measuring middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocity parameters (peak systolic velocity (PSV) and mean flow velocity (MFV)). qEEG can help researchers investigate the complex interplay between addiction and other brain disorders, like depression or anxiety. Characteristic qEEG in drugs addiction Increased Theta (4-8 Hz) and delta (1-4 Hz) brain waves are often associated with sleep and relaxation. However, research has shown that individuals with drug addiction may have increased theta and delta activity, particularly in the frontal and temporal regions of the brain. Altered Beta (13-30 Hz) brain waves are generally associated with wakefulness, alertness, and cognitive processing. Studies have observed both increases and decreases in beta activity in individuals with drug addiction, depending on the type of drug, the stage of addiction, and the specific brain regions being examined. The results of this research have important practical implications for building an diagnostic and functional assement with a better understanding of an using technology.
Co-Authors Afina, Siti Agung, Locoporta Aisy, Rihadatul Al Mutanafisa, Tasneem Amin Husni Andhitara, Yovita Andhitara, Yovita Andhitara Anjani, Gemala Ardhini, Rahmi Arifin Triyanto Asep Taryana Budisulistyo, Trianggoro Caroline, Maria Daynuri, Daynuri Diah Retno Wahyuningrum Dodik Tugasworo Dwi Febryanto Endang Gumbira Sa’id Erni Hernawati Purwaningsih, Erni Hernawati Fadila Ramadini Febriantina Dewi Firli Bramantyo, Dion Fitri Octaviana Fitria Handayani Hajijah, Rengganis Novyanti Hamdani, Faishol Hartono, Jimmy Eko Budi Jaeri, Santoso Jethro Budiman, Jethro Juswanto, Gerard Kurnianto, Aditya Kurnianto, Aditya Kurnianto Lia Yuliana Martha Irene Kartasurya Muh Firman Yudiatma Nana Rochana, Nana Nani Maharani Noni Widiawatie Nuraini Nuraini Pasmanasari, Elta Diah Priambada, Dody Purba, Jan Sudir Puspitawati, Arinta Putri, Ayulia Karisma Putri, Nadya Yona Eka Rahmawati, Dani Rahmayanti Rahmayanti RIA ANGGRAINI Saiful Ridlo Satrioaji, Hari Wahono Sofro, Muchlis AU Achsan Udji Suryadi Suryadi Suryawati, Herlina Syahrul Syahrul Tamad, Fatiha Sri Utami Tri Rahayu, Fitriani Tri Subekti Trisnaningtyas, Wenny Tsaniadi Prihastomo, Krisna Tugasworo, Dodik ` W.H, Nugrahaningsih Wahyuni, Ribut Nurul Tri Widaryanti, Widya Bella Yuridis, Melani Sukma