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Journal : universal education journal of teaching and learning

Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking, and Creative (4Cs) in TVET: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Literature Review Taqwa, Muhammad Reyza Arief; Roozafzai, Zahra Sadat; Suhendi, Endi
Universal Education Jurnal Teaching and Learning Vol 3 No 1 (2026): January-March Edition
Publisher : Universal Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63081/uejtl.v3i1.94

Abstract

This article maps research trends, key contributors, and thematic structures of the 4Cs—communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity—within Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), while synthesizing experimental efforts to enhance these skills. It addresses a documented gap by combining bibliometric performance analysis and science mapping (RQ1–RQ6) with a systematic review of intervention studies (RQ7). A total of 3,246 documents were obtained, of which 1,655 documents were analyzed bibliometrically, and 32 documents were analyzed through a systematic literature review after screening and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria. The 4Cs–TVET research shows a continuous surge with “communication skills” as the driving theme and creativity relatively unexplored, indicating a thematic focus that still leans toward social competencies. In general, 4Cs–TVET research involves many researchers from various institutions and countries, showing that this research has become a global focus. However, the findings indicate that participation is concentrated in developed and middle-income countries, whereas least developed countries (LDCs) remain underrepresented in this research area. Experimental efforts to improve the 4Cs are spread across five approaches (technology/online, collaborative-interprofessional, gamification, project-based/active learning, simulation), but 56.25% target only one skill—collaboration being the most dominant—and only 6.25% integrate all 4Cs, indicating the need for more holistic intervention design.
Co-Authors A. Samsudin A. Suhandi Achmad Samsudin Adimayuda, Rizal Aditya, Raldy Afifah, Fia Ahmad Aminudin Amiruddin, Mohd Zaidi Bin Andhy Setiawan Andriani, Yayun Apriyansyah, Imam Asep Dedi Sutrisno Astuti, Itsna Rona Wahyu Cahya Prima, Eka Chairuna, Annisa Chandra, Didi Teguh Costu, Bayram D.S. Gustaman Danawan, Agus Dani Gustaman Syarif Diana Rochintaniawati Dwi Ayu Lestari dwi ayu lestari, dwi ayu Eka Cahya Prima Eko Handoyo Fauziah, Siti Arofah Fratiwi, Nuzulira Janeusse Hanifa, Husna Haryadi, Hendi Hegarna, Rona Heni Rusnayati Ibrohim, Maulana Ida Kaniawati Illahi, Beta Kurnia Indra Irawan Irni Sri Cahyanti Irvani, Asep Irvan Iyon Suyana Jamilah, Nur Asiah Kapıcı, Hasan Özgür L. Hasanah Lega Serano, Havez Rasya Lilik Hasanah Lina Aviyanti Marwah, Siti Aidah Mauludin, Taufik Syah Meldya, Nisa Kurniasih Morsal, Rahmi Aulia Em Muhammad Zakaria Mulvia, Rahmadhani Nawas, Abu Nurahman, Arip Nurhayati, Anisa Nurlaela, Ilma P. Sinaga Parlindungan Sinaga Parsaoran Siahaan Parulian Sinaga Putra, Andriyan Veisyal Seftiana R. Efendi Rahim, Handy Faishal Ramdhania, Lathifa Nur Rastiadi, Hasna Aisyah Reyza Arief Taqwa, Muhammad Roozafzai, Zahra Sadat Rosmayati, Lisna Rufi'i Safitri, Indah sari, Lasmita Selly Feranie Setyono, Hendri Siti Aisyah Siti Nurdianti Muhajir Supardiyono Supardiyono Suparman, Andreas Suwarma, I. R. Syarif Rokhmat Hidayat, Syarif Rokhmat Sya’roni, Imam TATI NURHAYATI Ufiq Faishol Ahlif Ulfah Ulfah Utami, Meilisyah Putri Vera, Rosi Waslaluddin MT Wawan Setiawan Widodo, Muhammad Winny Liliawati Yakiin, Wulandari Fithriyah Yogaswara Adiputra Yunita Yunita