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Studi Optimasi Peningkatan Kekuatan Bending Komposit Berpenguat Serat Nanas-Nanasan (Bromeliaceae) Kontinu Searah Rahman, Muh Budi Nur; Suwanda, Totok; Diharjo, Kuncoro
Semesta Teknika Vol 11, No 2 (2008): NOVEMBER 2008
Publisher : Semesta Teknika

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The objectives of this research are to observe the bending strength composite with bromeliaceae fiber with variations of alkali treatment duration, variations of fiber fraction volume and to observe the broken section characteristics. Materials used are bromilicea fiber, resin polyester, NaOH alkali and distilled water. The composite made with printing press methods. Dimensions of specimens and bending testing methods is done by to the standard ASTM D790 (bending test). Variables in this research are fiber fraction volume in the amount of 20-50% and the soaking times in alkali treatment are 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. Visualization of the broken section is shown in the macro picture. Highest bending strength and bending tensile occur in the composite with bromeliaceae fiber for 6-hour alkali treatment of 218.06 MPa and at the amount of 4.39% in fraction volume of 34.96%. Highest bending modulus occurs with 4 hours alkali treatment of 5.92% GPa. Composite with bromeliaceae fiber without alkali treatment has broken section characteristics fiber pull out, but the composite with alkali treatment has less fiber pull out characteristics.

Perbandingan Kekerasan dan Kekuatan Tekan Paduan Cu â Sn 6% Hasil Proses Metalurgi Serbuk dan Sand Casting Suwanda, Totok; Rahman, Muh Budi Nur; Ramdani, Deny Fajrur
Semesta Teknika Vol 11, No 2 (2008): NOVEMBER 2008
Publisher : Semesta Teknika

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Metal production by sand casting and powder metallurgy indicates the advantage of metal process technology. Bearing materials must have hardness and compressive strength properties to withstand wear and pressure load. Material porosity provides the space for lubricant. The lubrication will decrease the friction and keep temperature low. Low friction and low temperature will increase the life time of bearing. The goal of this research is to compare the hardness, compressive strength, macrostructure and microstructure between Cu-Sn 6% alloy produced by sand casting and by powder metallurgy. During sand casting process, the metal was melted in the furnace and then poured in to the sand mold, whilst in the powder metallurgy process; the metal powder was compacted in the metal mould and then heated to a temperature below its melting point (sintering process). In this research, the powder was compacted at 200 MPa and then sintered at 800Â° C for 45 minutes. The observation of the microstructure showed that the Cu-Sn 6% Â alloy produced by powder metallurgy possessed more porositythan produced by sand casting. The sand casting process produced the Cu-Sn 6% alloy with Brinell Hardness Number (BHN) of 47.97 kgf/mm2 and compressive strength of 680.8 MPa. The powder metallurgy process produced the Cu-Sn 6% alloy with Brinell Hardness Number (BHN) of 27.08 kgf/mm2 and compressive strength of 944.4 MPa.

PENGARUH DIAMETER STEEL BALL SHOT PEENING TERHADAP KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN, WETTABILITY DAN LAJU KOROSI PADA STAINLESS STEEL AISI 304 Sunardi, Sunardi; Nugroho, Aris Widyo; Julianto, Achmad Zamhari
JMPM : Jurnal Material Dan Proses Manufaktur Vol 1, No 2 (2017): DESEMBER 2017
Publisher : JMPM : Jurnal Material Dan Proses Manufaktur

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Stainless steel (SS) 304 is material commonly used in biomedical applications, because this material is corrosion resistant, easyly obtained, relatively light, easyly formed and low price. However, its corrosion rate tend to be higher compared to the biomedical materials. Thus, it needs surface treatment to overcome its weakness. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of shot peening on surface roughness, wettability and corrosion rate in Synthetic Body Fluid (SBF) of SS-304 material. The samples are circular shapes of 14 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness of SS-304 materials. The shot peening was conducted with nozzle distance of 100 mm, spraying pressure of 6 bar, spraying time of 10 minutes, and and shooting angle of 90Âº. Steel ball diameter being used are 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, and the properties being characterized are surface rougness, wettability and corrosion resistance. The results shows that the shot peening can increase the surface roughness from 0.868 Î¼m Â± 0.056 Î¼m for the raw material up to 2.248 Î¼m Â± 0.481 Î¼m for shoot-peenned material using steel ball diameter of 0.7 mm. The corrosion resistance decreases from 55.83 Â± 2.44 mpy for the raw material to 113.15 Â± 7.51 mpy for the shoot-peenned material using steel ball diameter of 0.4 mm, and the increase surface hardness was found being 276 %, . In addition, wettability test indicates that sample surface after being shot peenned treatment to be hydrophilic.

Pembuatan Aluminium Berpori dengan metode Metalurgi Serbuk Berbahan Amonium Hidrogen Karbonat ((NH4)HCO3) sebagai Space Holder beserta Karakterisasinya Nugroho, Aris Widyo; Iswanto, Iswanto
Semesta Teknika Vol 21, No 2 (2018): NOVEMBER 2018
Publisher : Semesta Teknika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.212220

The reseacrh on fabrication of porous aluminum using powder metallurgy technique with amonium hidrogen karbonat as space holder has been carried out. The space holder powder with various space holder mass fraction of 20%,30%, 40% and 50% in 5 gram of total mass and the aluminum powder were put into a can for mixing process. Afterward the mixed powder was compacted at 300 kg/cm2 to obtain the green body. Density of the green body was then determined by measuring its dimension and the mass. Following this, the green body was put in a furnace and heated up to 200oC with holding time of 60 minutes for space holder removal. The second heating up was carried out up to 650oC with holding time of 60 minutes for sintering process and the furnace was then switched off for cooling. Porosity of the sintered porous aluminum was calculated and its microstructure was examined using an optical microscop. The compressive strength of the porous material was evaluated using universal testing machine. The result show that the porosity increases with an increase of the mass fraction in the range of 56-74% with the compressive strength in opposite way. The strength was found in the range of 1.2-15.7 MPa. All specimens show a typical britlle materials.

Perancangan Injection Blowing Tools dengan Line Slider untuk Mesin Blow Molding dengan Kapasitas Volume 300 Ml Ikhsan, Subkhan Nur; Budiyantoro, Cahyo; Suwanda, Totok; Nugroho, Adi
JMPM : Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur Vol 2, No 1 (2018): JUNI 2018
Publisher : JMPM : Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur

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Blow molding machine is a machine that used to produced plastic bottle with injection air system to blowing the soft preform (±100℃) at 7 bar pressure of air. They are two main components in injection blowing tools i.e, injection tools to distribute the high pressure air from compressor to the bottle preform and the line sliders to make a mold cavity can moving when the injection process ongoing and finished. To build the injection blowing tools, they are several main material that use, on the line sliders use the main material of low carbon steel type A36 ( 0,25% - 0,29% C) with strip and plate with force of 360 Ksi ( 250 MPa ), and the injection tools use the main material of Aluminium-alloy 4032 (Al, Si 12,5%, Mg, Cu, Ni) because it easy to make an model or profil with reasonable price. The main material on the shafts holder injector and blow pin use stainless steel 304 with max force of 515 MPa. The process to joint between the components are applying the welding model with fillet type and average on high of the neck weld 3 mm and use electrodes of RD-260 which E6013 electrode class with maximum strength 60 Ksi and use the bolt and nuts which average from material of SS 304 with size M6 - M16. In the process injection, the ratio of large development due to the process injection ( BUR ) is 4 with the size of a bottle preform long 99 mm thick 2 mm and diameter 26 mm.

Karakterisasi Permukaan Pada Aluminium Anodized-Dyed dengan Pewarna Alami Kunyit Muslim, Ahmad; Nugroho, Aris Widyo
JMPM : Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur Vol 2, No 1 (2018): JUNI 2018
Publisher : JMPM : Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur

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Dyeing on anodizing process can be done with chemical or natural dyes. Indonesia has a variety of useful plants as a natural dye, one of which is turmeric. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of turmeric dye concentration variation on color brightness, macro structure, surface roughness, oxide layer thickness and wear rate on aluminum anodizing result. Aluminum plate with 1.5 mm thick was cut with size of 50 x 30 mm. The plate was performed anodizing process with 2 amperes of current, 12 volt of voltage for 30 minutes. Dyeing was carried out using commercially available turmeric powder. The dyeing process used variations in concentration of 10, 20 and 30 gram per liter of water at temperature of 90-97 ° C for 30 minutes. The coloring results were tested for color brightness by image analysis software, macro structure test and oxide layer thickness using optical microscope and surface roughness test using roughness tester and wear test with Ogoshi method. Test results showed the effect of turmeric concentration variation concentration on color brightness, macro structure, surface roughness and wear rate. The highest color brightness (RGB) is obtained on a variation of turmeric concentration of 10 gram / liter. The surface macro structure showed the existence of homogeneous pores. The most uniform colored staining is obtained on the variation of turmeric concentration of 30 grams / liter. Whilst the highest surface roughness was found on aluminum which had been anodized with variation of turmeric concentration of 30 gram / liter with the value of 1,344 μm, its wear value presents the lowest of 2.07 x 10-10 mm2 / kg. The concentration variation of the dye solution did not affect the thickness of the resulting oxide layer.

Improving the tensile properties of 3D printed PLA by optimizing the processing parameter Nugroho, Aris Widyo; Budiantoro, Cahyo
JEMMME (Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering) Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Low-cost desktop 3D printing is now dominated by free and open source self-replicating rapid prototype. However, optimum printing process parameters have not been provided by the manufacturer, since there are several process parameters that need to be optimized to obtain acceptable dimension error and strength properties. This paper aims to present the optimum process parameters for the 3D printing process of Polylactic Acid (PLA) part using Taguchi Method. A specimen standard of ASTM D638 Type IV made of biodegradable polymer, PLA, has been used as a tensile strength test to represent printed part quality. Four printing process parameters: temperatures, extrusion width, infill density and infill pattern have been optimized using Taguchi Methods. Test was carried out to find the highest tensile strength based on the optimum parameter setting and validated them with experiment. The result shows that the tensile strength response was predominantly influenced by infill density followed by nozzle temperature, infill pattern and extrusion width. The optimum level setting was obtained at 75% of infill density (C3), 215oC of nozzle temperature (A3), honeycomb infill (D1) and 0.3 mm of extrusion width (B1). At optimized parameters the tensile strength PLA parts significantly was found of 30.52 MPa at a confidence interval of 95%.

Pengaruh Feed Rate dan Kecepatan Putar Pin Tool Friction Stir Welding (FSW) terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Kekerasan Aluminium 5052 Rahman, Muhammad Budi Nur; Nugroho, Aris Widyo; Wardhana, Bayu Satriya
JMPM : Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur Vol 2, No 2 (2018): DESEMBER 2018
Publisher : JMPM : Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur

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AbstrakFriction Stir Welding (FSW) adalah proses pengelasan yang memanfaatkan alat bundar yang menimpa dua potong pelat yang akan disambung. Hasil pengelasan dipengaruhi oleh input panas yang dihasilkan antara alat pin dan bahan las. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh laju umpan dan rotasi alat pin FSW terhadap sifat mekanik Aluminium 5052. Lembaran logam dihubungkan dengan metode FSW dengan variasi laju umpan 20, 60, 120 , 180 mm/menit dan rotasi pin tool 1500, 2500, 360 rpm menggunakan holder cylinder tool pin dengan panjang 22mm dan 4mm. Pengujian mekanis yang dilakukan adalah uji tarik, uji kekerasan Vickers mikro dan pengamatan struktur mikro menggunakan mikroskop optik dan SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin cepat laju umpan, kekuatan tarik semakin rendah, tetapi regangan tarik meningkat. Pada laju umpan 600 mm/menit, kekuatan tarik diperoleh 187 MPa dengan regangan 12,4% dan laju umpan 180 mm/menit kuat tarik 103 MPa dengan regangan 3,17%. Rotasi lebih cepat dari alat pin, kekuatan tarik meningkat, koneksi solid dan menyatu, dan pada 1500 rpm kekuatan tarik dari 112 MPa menjadi 207 MPa pada 3600 rpm. Semakin besar laju umpan dan rotasi alat pin, nilai kekerasan meningkat di mana tingkat umpan 20 mm/menit kekerasan 44,8 VHN menjadi 86,4 VHN pada laju umpan 120 mm/menit, sedangkan alat putaran pin 1500 Kekerasan rpm 51,3 VHN menjadi 69,6 VHN pada 3.600 rpm. AbstractFriction Stir Welding (FSW) is a welding process that utilizes a round tool that impinges on the two pieces of pelates that will be spliced. Welding results are influenced by heat input which is generated between the pin tool with the material of the weld. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of feed rate and rotation of the pin tool of the FSW on mechanical properties of Aluminum 5052. Metal Sheet connected with the method of the FSW with the variation of the feed rate 20, 60, 120, 180 mm/minute and rotation of the pin tool 1500, 2500, 360 rpm using the holder cylinder 22mm long pin tool 4mm. Mechanical testing carried out are tensile test, hardness test micro Vickers and microstructure observation using optical microscope and SEM. The results showed that the faster the feed rate then the tensile strength more low however, the tensile strain increased. At feed rate of 600 mm/minute tensile strength obtained 187 MPa with a strain of 12.4% and a feed rate of 180 mm/minute tensile strength of 103 MPa with a strain of 3.17%. The Faster rotation of the pin tool, the tensile strength increases, the connection is solid and fused, where at 1500 rpm tensile strength of 112 MPa to 207 MPa at 3600 rpm. The greater the feed rate and rotation of the pin tool then the value of hardness is increasing where the feed rate of 20 mm/minute hardness by 44.8 VHN to 86.4 VHN at a feed rate of 120 mm/minute, while the round pin tool 1500 rpm hardness of 51.3 VHN become 69,6 VHN at 3600 rpm

SIFAT TARIK DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO SAMBUNGAN LAS GESEK TAK SEJENIS BAJA-TEMBAGA Romadhan, Ady Ryan; Nugroho, Aris Widyo; Suwanda, Totok; Wilza, Romi
JMPM : Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur Vol 3, No 1 (2019): JUNI 2019
Publisher : JMPM : Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmpm.3133

AbstrakTembaga dikenal memilki keunggulan sifat fisis sehingga sering diaplikasikan bersamaan dengan baja menggunakan teknik brazing yang membutuhkan filler. Friction welding memberikan alternatif penyambungan tak sejenis tanpa filler dan asap. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek tekanan gesek terhadap sifat mekanis sambungan las gesek pada sambungan dissimilar baja-tembaga. Silinder tembaga dan baja dibubut menjadi bentuk setengah bagian dari benda uji standar JIS Z 2201. Proses pengelasan dilakukan pada putaran 1000 rpm dengan variasi tekanan gesek sebesar 30, 35, dan 40 MPa dengan tekanan tempa 80 MPa. Waktu gesek dan waktu tempa masing-masing 5 detik. Hasil penyambungan masing-masing diamati struktur mikro, kekerasan dan sifat tariknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan meningkatnya tekanan gesek maka daerah TMAZ melebar. Struktur mikro berbutir halus teramati di bagian baja, sedangkan di daerah tembaga, orientasi butir berubah memanjang searah dengan permukaan sambungan. Pada daerah termomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) dan welding center zone (WCZ) kekerasan masing-masing logam turun seiring dengan kenaikan tekanan gesek. Lebar daerah TMAZ yang cukup membuat kekuatan tarik tertinggi diperoleh dari spesimen dengan variasi 35 MPa sebesar 89 MPa. Metode las ini dapat digunakan untuk penyambungan logam tak sejenis baja-tembaga dengan memperhitungkan luasan daerah TMAZ. AbstractCopper is often used along with steel due to it excellence properties by using brazing technique. Friction welding technique offers an alternative technique for joining dissimilar metal without fillers and smoke. This research purpose is to study the effect of the friction pressure on the mechanical properties of steel-cooper friction welded joints. Copper and steel bars were turned into half the shape of the specimen according to JIS Z 2201. The welding process was carried out at a speed of 1000 rpm with the friction pressures of 30, 35, and 40 MPa under an upset stress of 80 MPa for 5 seconds of friction time and upset time. The results showed that with increasing friction pressure the TMAZ area was widened in fine grained microstructure for the steel region. Whereas in the copper region, the orientation of elongated grains inline with the direction of the joining surface. In the TMAZ and WCZ areas the hardness of each metal decreases with increasing friction pressure. The sufficient width of the TMAZ results in the highest tensile strength of 89 MPa. It was obtained from the specimens with friction pressure of 35 MPa. This welding method is potentially used for dissimilar steel-copper joint by considering the area of the TMAZ region.Keywords: Friction welding, dissimilar metals joint, pressure friction, TMAZ

SIFAT TARIK DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO SAMBUNGAN LAS GESEK TAK SEJENIS BAJA-TEMBAGA Romadhan, Ady Ryan; Nugroho, Aris Widyo; Suwanda, Totok; Wilza, Romi
JMPM : Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur Vol 3, No 1 (2019): JUNI 2019
Publisher : JMPM : Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmpm.3133

AbstrakTembaga dikenal memilki keunggulan sifat fisis sehingga sering diaplikasikan bersamaan dengan baja menggunakan teknik brazing yang membutuhkan filler. Friction welding memberikan alternatif penyambungan tak sejenis tanpa filler dan asap. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek tekanan gesek terhadap sifat mekanis sambungan las gesek pada sambungan dissimilar baja-tembaga. Silinder tembaga dan baja dibubut menjadi bentuk setengah bagian dari benda uji standar JIS Z 2201. Proses pengelasan dilakukan pada putaran 1000 rpm dengan variasi tekanan gesek sebesar 30, 35, dan 40 MPa dengan tekanan tempa 80 MPa. Waktu gesek dan waktu tempa masing-masing 5 detik. Hasil penyambungan masing-masing diamati struktur mikro, kekerasan dan sifat tariknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan meningkatnya tekanan gesek maka daerah TMAZ melebar. Struktur mikro berbutir halus teramati di bagian baja, sedangkan di daerah tembaga, orientasi butir berubah memanjang searah dengan permukaan sambungan. Pada daerah termomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) dan welding center zone (WCZ) kekerasan masing-masing logam turun seiring dengan kenaikan tekanan gesek. Lebar daerah TMAZ yang cukup membuat kekuatan tarik tertinggi diperoleh dari spesimen dengan variasi 35 MPa sebesar 89 MPa. Metode las ini dapat digunakan untuk penyambungan logam tak sejenis baja-tembaga dengan memperhitungkan luasan daerah TMAZ. AbstractCopper is often used along with steel due to it excellence properties by using brazing technique. Friction welding technique offers an alternative technique for joining dissimilar metal without fillers and smoke. This research purpose is to study the effect of the friction pressure on the mechanical properties of steel-cooper friction welded joints. Copper and steel bars were turned into half the shape of the specimen according to JIS Z 2201. The welding process was carried out at a speed of 1000 rpm with the friction pressures of 30, 35, and 40 MPa under an upset stress of 80 MPa for 5 seconds of friction time and upset time. The results showed that with increasing friction pressure the TMAZ area was widened in fine grained microstructure for the steel region. Whereas in the copper region, the orientation of elongated grains inline with the direction of the joining surface. In the TMAZ and WCZ areas the hardness of each metal decreases with increasing friction pressure. The sufficient width of the TMAZ results in the highest tensile strength of 89 MPa. It was obtained from the specimens with friction pressure of 35 MPa. This welding method is potentially used for dissimilar steel-copper joint by considering the area of the TMAZ region.Keywords: Friction welding, dissimilar metals joint, pressure friction, TMAZ

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