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PERKEMBANGAN MENTAL BAYI DAN ANAK INDONESIA: HASIL SEANUTS INDONESIA Basuki Budiman; Nurmeida S Syarief; Moesijanti Soekatri
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 36, No 2 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v36i2.143

Status gizi ibu hamil mempunyai dampak perkembangan neuropsikologik pada bayi yang dilahirkan. Penyimpangan perkembangan (fisik dan mental) dapat diidentifikasi pada awal kehidupan. South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) adalah penelitian gizi klinik multi-center di empat negara pada bayi dan anak (0,5-12,9 tahun). Negara yang berpartisipasi adalah Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand dan Vietnam. Data psikologi untuk mengetahui perkembangan mental anak, termasuk aspek yang dikumpulkan. Pengukuran perkembangan anak menggunakan metode Denver Development Screening Test (DDST). Desain penelitian telah dijelaskan oleh Sandjaja, dkk. dalam artikel yang dimuat pada jurnal ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak Indonesia berusia balita yang dideteksi mengalami penyimpangan perkembangan (all four) sebesar 21,6 persen. Secara rinci penyimpangan perkembangan motorik kasar sebesar 11,5 persen; kemandirian (personal-social), adaptif-motor halus dan bahasa masing-masing 14,5; 11,8; dan 15,8 persen. Proporsi penyimpangan perkembangan pada bayi (0,5-0,9 tahun) terdeteksi paling besar (45,8%) dan secara keseluruhan penyimpangan yang terjadi pada keterampilan berbahasa (bicara) dan perkembangan kemandirian. Secara agregat (pool), hubungan antara penyimpangan neuropsikologik (all four) dan postur tubuh tidak ditemukan. Namun demikian, pada kelompok umur 1,0-2,9 tahun, hubungan tersebut ditemukan, sebaliknya hubungan ini tidak ditemukan pada kelompok umur lain. Pola asuh yang tidak optimal (bahasa, kemandirian) merupakan faktor risiko penyimpangan negatif perkembangan anak.ABSTRACTMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIAN INFANTS AND CHILDREN: RESULTS OF SEANUTS INDONESIAMaternal nutrition during gestation has consequences on mental development of the offspring. The physical and mental disorders can be identified in early life. South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) is a multicenter nutrition study on children aged 0.5 to 12.9 years in which measurement of mental development is also included. The aim of this paper was to describe mental development of Indonesian children 0.5-5.9 years old. Denver Development Screening Test (DDST) was used to identify the deviation of development. Child’s height was measured to reflect posture. Detailed study design was described by Sandjaja, et al earlier in this issue. The results revealed that total suspected of late all four development was 21.6 percent, including 11.5, 14.5, 11.8, and 15.8 percent for gross-motor development, personal social, adaptation-fine motor, and language skill, respectively. Infants were the most often detected as severe suspected of late developments (45.8%), especially for language and personal social skill. Unadjusted data revealed that there were no associations found between neuropsychological deviation (all four) and posture. When it was adjusted, a significant difference was found only in 1.0-2.9 years old group. We concluded that parenting stimulation as be shown in language skill and personal-social were important risk factors. Keyword: mental development, DDST, posture, multi-center study

STATUS IODIUM DI INDONESIA SAAT INI: PERLUNYA PENAJAMAN SASARAN Basuki Budiman
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 35, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v35i1.118

Konsekuensi defisiensi iodium selama kehamilan terhadap gangguan neuropsikologi pada bayi yang dilahirkan telah banyak dipublikasikan dan telah diterima oleh sebagian besar masyarakat ilmiah.Pemerintah Indonesia mempunyai sejarah yang panjang dalam menanggulangi gangguan akibat kekurangan iodium (GAKI). Memanfaatkan teknologi yang berkembang pada saatnya, profilaksi berupa suntikan intra muskuler minyak beriodium dan kapsul minyak beriodium untuk program jangka pendek; dan fortifikasi iodium dalam garam konsumsi untuk program jangka panjang. Upaya tersebut berhasil menurunkan prevalensi gondok yang dihadapi sejak tahun 1980-an hingga saat ini. Namun demikian, efek masalah konsumsi berlebih juga muncul. Di beberapa daerah dilaporkan telah ditemukan penderita hipertiroid. Konsekuensi hipertiroidisme adalah penyakit jatung koroner (PJK), penyakit autoimun dan kanker.Kata kunci: GAKI, garam beriodium, hipertiroidism

AKURASI ALAT DETEKSI SODIUM DALAM URIN SECARA OTOMATIS DENGAN METODE ELECTRODA SELEKSI ION KERING Basuki Budiman; Kartika Pela; Aya Yuriesta Arifin; Ferbriani Ferbriani; Amalia Safitri; Dwi Anggraini; Rinda Ayu Dewi; Athena Anwar
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 41, No 1 (2018): Maret 2018
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v41i1.240

Inductively Couple Plasma (ICP) is a standard method to detect urinary sodium. However, the urinary sodium analysis method has a limitation in which the process to free sodium from molecules is not digest thoroughly. Ionic Selected Electrode (ISE) method is the better option. A New authomatic instrument Na-K-Cl automatic digital analyser that is “Spotchem EL 1520” using ISE method (dry ISE) was developed but the application to detect urinary sodium has not yet done. The purpose of this trial was to test the accuracy of the instrument in detecting urinary sodium. A number of 100 people aged 20-64 years participated in the trial by collecting around 50 mL fresh urine. Urinary sodium was analysed by ICP method in chemical laboratory and by ISE method using the digital analyser instrument. A number of 6 out of 100 urine sample did not meet a minimum volume requirement to be analysed by ICP method but it was able to be analysed using ISE method. The instrument was able to detect urinary sodium more than 132 (SD:77,81) mmol/L compared to Laboratory ICP method 79.38 (SD: 47,50) mmol/L. The Sensitivity of the instrument to detect sodium in urine was 97.6% (95% CI : 87.1-99.9%) and the Specivicity was 58 % (95% CI: 44.7-71.9). The trial also analysed urinary creatinine with aution instrument. A number of 10 urine sample was analysed by private clinical laboratory as quality control. Aution is semi quantitave digital analyser and the result was inline with quantitative (controlled sample). The automatic digital analyser can be used as alternative for conventional analyses of urinary sodium.ABSTRAKMetode deteksi konsentrasi sodium dapat dilakukan dengan metode ICP atau ISE. Saat ini telah dikembangkan alat deteksi sodium metode ISE kering yang dapat diterapkan pada sampel serum maupun urin. Uji coba alat dilakukan di laboratorium terpadu Badan Litbang Kesehatan di Bogor. Sebanyak 100 orang partisipan terlibat dalam uji coba. Partisipan adalah penduduk di sekitar kantor dan honorer penelitian kohor tumbuh kembang di Bogor. Partisipan diminta specimen urin di laboratorium dan diperiksa kadarnya pada hari itu juga. Dua alat yang diuji coba adalah Na-K-Cl digital analyzer, (Spotchem EL 1520, arkray dengan metode ISE kering) dan creatinine aution, semi kuantitatif (arkray). Keduanya menggunakan urin sebagai specimen. Uji coba dimulai dengan pemeriksaan deteksi kreatinin karena pemeriksaan harus kurang dari 24 jam. Sebanyak 50 sampel diperiksa berurutan tanpa jeda, kemudian diteruskan 50 spesimen lainnya. Kesepakatan supervisor, diperiksakan 10 specimen diperiksa di laboratorium swasta yang ada di Bogor sebagai pembanding. Ujicoba alat Na-K-Cl analyzer dengan 100 specimen urin dilakukan tanpa jeda. Pembanding hasil periksa alat ini adalah pemeriksaan urin metode ICP di laboratorium terpadu dan dikerjakan oleh analis kimia yang berpengalaman. Dari segi proses, kedua alat tidak ditemukan masalah saat ujicoba. Kedua alat ini digunakan untuk memeriksa 25 spesimen per hari. Hasil kadar kreatinin setelah dibandingkan dengan hasil periksa di laboratorium swasta secara grafik bagus walaupun dengan nilai absolut berbeda. Uji statistik menunjukkan Se 97,6 dan Sp 58. Hasil deteksi dengan alat ini lebih sensitive dibandingkan dengan laboratorium.Kata kunci: Inductively Couple Plasma ( ICP), Ionic Selected Electrode (ISE), sodium urin

TINGKAT KOGNISI ANAK INDONESIA BERUSIA 5,5-12,0 TAHUN: HASIL SEANUTS DI INDONESIA Nurmeida S Syarief; Basuki Budiman; nFN Sandjaja
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 36, No 2 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v36i2.144

Perkembangan kognisi atau karakteristik mental dicirikan dengan perkembangan persepsi, memori, imajinasi, daya pikir, kecerdasan. Artikel ini menyajikan hasil SEANUTS tentang tingkat kognisi anak berusia 5,5-12,0 tahun secara deskriptif. Partisipan sebanyak 1368 menggambarkan populasi nasional yang diambil secara acak jamak bertingkat (two stage randomized cluster sampling). Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kognisi anak. Kelompok anak terdiri 5,5-7,9 tahun dan 8,0-12,0 tahun. Tingkat kognisi disajikan menurut postur tubuh. Postur dinilai dari skor Z pada indeks TB/U. Tingkat kognisi di bawah rerata pada anak kelompok berusia 5,5-7,9 tahun antara 16,0- 50,0 persen; dan kelompok berusia 8,0-12,0 tahun antara 25,7-69,6 persen. Secara keseluruhan, asosiasi antara kognisi dan postur tubuh tidak nyata pada anak berusia 5,5-7,9 tahun. Pada kelompok usia yang lebih tua tampak perbedaan yang signifikan baik di perkotaan maupun di perdesaan (p0,05). Namun demikian, hubungan itu diduga dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan tempat anak tumbuh termasuk stimulasi neuropsikologis dan status gizi baik mikro maupun makroABSTRACT COGNITIVE LEVEL OF CHILDREN 5.5-12.0 YEARS OLD: RESULT OF SEANUTS IN INDONESIA Cognitive or mental characteristic development includes development of perception, memory, imagination, intellectual skill and IQ. This article provides SEANUTS’ result especially on mental development of school children (5.5-12.0 years old). A nationally representative number of 1368 children involved in this study. Two-stage randomized cluster sampling was implied for deriving required participants. Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) was administered to measure cognition. Posture was represented by HAZ score. Results showed that proportion of level cognition was below average in the 5.5-7.9 year age group and in the 8.0-12.0 year age group between 16.0- 50.0 percent and 25.7-69.6 percent respectively. The association between cognition and posture at younger group was unclear while at older group, it seemed significantly different (p0.05) both in rural and urban. However, the significant association at lower cognition level were influenced by environment where chlidren grow including neuropsychological stimulation and nutritional status both micro- and macronutrient level. Keywords: cognition, posture, CPM, Indonesian children

PERANAN PROTEKTIF DAN NON-PROTECTIF NITRIC OXIDEs(NOs) PADA RESPON IMUN Basuki Budiman
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 31, No 2 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v31i2.54

THE ROLE OF PROTECTIVE AND NON-PROTECTIVE NITRIC OXIDES (NOs) IN IMMUNE RESPONSNitric oxides (NO), included in this term are radical NO., (ionic) NO-, NO, NO2, NO2-, NO3-, N2O3,N2O4, S-nitrosothiols, peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and nitrisyl-metal complex. NOs are radical substances which have characteristic both protective and non-protective immunity due to unable to distinguish pathogen DNA or host DNA. NO is by_product of arginine metabolism. NO plays roles in muscle relaxation to prevent platelets aggregation, as intra cell neurotransmitter, mediated macrophage of tumor cell and bacteria. The activity is under controlled by NO-synthetase (NOS) which has three isomers, namely NOS1 or neural NOS (nNOS), NOS2 or inducible NOS (iNOS) and NOS3 or endothelial NOS (eNOS). The role of iNOS/NO in immune system could be as a protective and non-protective which work simultaneously and depend on the immune system equilibrium. The function of iNOS/NO is as regulator and effector. As regulator the function includes change of lymphocyte from proliferation and modulated cytokine response. As effector the function includes necrosis and immnunoprotective activities. The main target of NO 2 toxicity is lungs but depends on the concentration of toxicity and duration of exposure to the targetKeywords: arginine, immonology, NOS, nitric oxide, protective

GANGGUAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN DEFISIT BERAT BADAN PADA BALITA DI PERKOTAAN DAN PEDESAAN Sri Muljati; Dwi Hapsari; Basuki Budiman
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 28, No 2 (2005): September 2005
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v28i2.22

GROWTH FAILURE AND BODY WEIGHT DEFICIT OF UNDERFIVE CHILDREN IN URBAN AND RURAL AREASThe prevalence of malnutrition in Indonesia in 2003 is 19 percents; three percents of them are severe malnutrition. Study on the age beginning deviation of growth failure and the extent of the deficit in body weight of underfive children in Indonesia is scarce. We analysed 1694 records of children underfive year old from National Household Survey (SKRT) having complete data in weight, height and age. The study revealed that 42.9% children underfives suffered from growth failure, in which the magnitude was greater in rural than urban e.i. 53.8% and 46.2% respectively growth failure started. In the age 4 months, infant begins deficit his her body weight and the peak of the deficit is infant in six months e.i 21.05%. This analysis supports international finding that deviation in growth failure begin at 4 month for Indonesian children should be consideredKeywords: under five year children, growth

EFEK STATUS TIROKSINEMIA MATERNALTERHADAP TONUS DAN REFLEK BAYI: Studi kohor di daerah endemik deficiency iodium Basuki Budiman
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 32, No 2 (2009): September 2009
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v32i2.72

THE EFFECT MATERNAL THYROXINEMIA TO MUSCLE TONES AND REFLEXES OF THE NEW BORN: A Cohort study in endemic iodine deficiencyStudies have shown that iodine deficiency during pregnancy has adverse effects on braindevelopment of the new born and some period thereafter. However, study on the effect ofthyroxinemia during trimester II to muscle tones and primitive reflexes of the infant in human isscarce. The objective of the study is to determine the association of the thyroxinemia during secondtrimester of pregnancy on neuropsychomotor development of new born. Enrollment of participants,namely pregnant mothers start in trimester II and measured periodically every month until delivered.The mothers were examined their health. Neurological examination of new born was also conductedevery month until 24 months old. The study revealed that maternal thyroxinemia during trimester IIsignificantly associated with muscle tones and primitive reflexes of new born (OR: 5.61 (2,32-13.52)p=0,000), however maternal TSH, EIU and Hb did not show the relationship. The neonatal TSH andmaternal goiter showed the relationship significantly OR: 2,25 (1,12-4,56) p=0,025 and OR 2,84 (1,56-5,20) p=0,001 respectively, but not for reflex of leg abduction dan foot dorsilation of the new born.The effect seem to continue along with the increasing infant’s age.Keywords: maternal thyroxinemia, primitive reflex, TSH, UIE, Hb, Odd Ratio

RIWAYAT KONSUMSI MAKANAN PENDERITA STROK YANG MASUK RUMAH SAKIT Basuki Budiman; M. Karyana; Sri Muljati
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 37 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v37i2.4013.101-108

ABSTRACTStroke is one of main contributing diseases to global death as well as in Indonesia. One of risk factors for stroke is food pattern while the post stroke food pattern affect on later survival. This study provided the food pattern of hospitalized stroke patient. Data were derived from Indonesia stroke registry 2011-2012 which covered 3999 patients from 17 main hospitals in Sumatera, Java, Bali and West Nusa Tenggara. Diagnosis of stroke followed ICD_X. A number 3401 out of 3999 patients were analyzed for the food pattern with complete data. Patients were interviewed for their food consumption using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method and then the result scored in five groups’ i.e. every day was scored by 30.4; if consumed 4-6 days in a week was scored 21.7; and 2-3 days and 1-3 in a week were scored by 8,70 and 2,40 respectively. Scored 1 for food consumption 1-2 or never consumed at all in last 3 months. Different pattern of frequency distribution of food consumption adjusted by gender failed to detect the different food pattern, but when the pattern adjusted by ethnic and food group and ever happened in previous stroke, the differences were found. Hemorrhagic stroke patients especially 65 years or over whom consumed high sweetened, salty, fatty and high content cholesterol more frequent than ischemic one. An in-depth study should be conducted to confirm the result.Keywords : food frequency, stroke registry, food patternABSTRAKStrok merupakan penyumbang kematian utama di dunia dan juga di Indonesia. Pola konsumsi makanan dipercaya sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya strok. Pola makanan pasca strok berpengaruh terhadap kemunculan strok berikutnya. Makalah ini menyajikan riwayat pola konsumsi makanan penderita strok yang masuk rumah sakit. Data penderita strok diperoleh dari registri strok tahun 2011-2012 dari 17 rumah sakit Sumatera, Jawa, Bali dan Nusa Tenggara Barat. Sebanyak 3999 penderita didiagnosis mengikuti definisi strok ICD_X, namun sebanyak 3401 yang mempunyai data konsumsi makanan. Pola konsumsi diperoleh dengan wawancara dan menggunakan metode food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Makanan dikelompokkan dalam sembilan jenis kelompok bahan makanan. Frekuensi makan dalam sebulan disandi 30,4 jika jenis makanan tertentu dikonsumsi setiap hari. Selanjutnya 21,7 jika 4-6 hari/minggu; 8,70 jika 2-3 hari/minggu; 2,40 jika 1-3 hari/minggu; 1 jika 1-2 hari/3 bulan atau tidak pernah. Distribusi konsumsi dianalisis menurut jenis kelamin, etnis, umur dan jenis strok. Pola distribusi frekuensi konsumsi sembilan kelompok makanan menurut gender ditemukan tidak berbeda, Namun menurut etnis, jenis dan riwayat strok berulang ditemukan berbeda. Penderita strok hemoragik terutama yang berusia 65 tahun atau lebih mengonsumsi lebih sering makanan dan minuman manis, asin, berlemak dan makanan mengandung kolesterol tinggi daripada penderita strok iskemik. Penelitian lebih mendalam diperlukan untuk konfirmasi pola makanan ini. [Penel Gizi Makan 2014, 37(2): 101-108]Kata kunci: frekuensi makan, registri strok, pola konsumsi

PENGARUH PENDAPATAN DAN BESAR RUMAHTANGGA TERHADAP PREVALENSI RUMAHTANGGA DEFISIT ENERGI DI INDONESIA (MENURUT DATA SUSENAS 1984) Iman Sumarno; Djumadias Abunain; Basuki Budiman
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) JILID 10 (1987)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v0i0.1990.

PENGARUH PENDAPATAN DAN BESAR RUMAHTANGGA TERHADAP PREVALENSI RUMAHTANGGA DEFISIT ENERGI DI INDONESIA (MENURUT DATA SUSENAS 1984)

PENYEBARAN DAN PEMBAURAN INOVASI GIZI MELALUI KEGIATAN UPGK DI PEDESAAN JAWA BARAT Djoko Susanto; Basuki Budiman; Muhammad Enoch; Tjetjep S. Hidayat
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) JILID 9 (1986)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v0i0.1973.

Kegiatan Usaha Perbaikan Gizi Keluarga (UPGK) di Pos Pelayanan Terpadu (Posyandu) dapat dipandang sebagai upaya pembaruan perilaku (konsumsi) yang bertujuan agar lambat laun ibu-ibbu anak balita atas bantuan para kader memiliki kemampuan mandiri dalam memelihara dan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan dan gizi anak balita serta keluarga mereka. Upaya ini akan mempunyai arti positif jika pada sistem sosial masyarakat bertumbuh dan berkembang proses belajar dan pembaruan perilaku yang mengarah pada tindakan masing-masing keluarga untuk hidup lebih sehat dibanding keadaan sebelumnya. Pencapaian keadaan seperti ini tidak lepas dari fungsi dan peranan para pembina serta kader yang terlibat dalam kegiatan tersebut selaku sumber dan penyalur pesan-pesan inovasi gizi. Kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan program belum mencapai sasaran sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Dalam tulisan ini dikemukakan beberapa faktor penyebab ketidakberhasilan pencapaian sasaran program UPGK, khususnya di Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat, dimana identifikasi masalah dilakukan. kemampuan ekonomi keluarga dan tingkat pendidikan ibu anak balita yang relatif rendah menjadi kendala utama yang mempengaruhi kadar pengetahuan gizi mereka. Para kader dihadapkan pada masalah kurang mengikuti penataran, cakupan wilayah kerja yang terlalu luas, ketidakjelasan keterikatan mereka dalam kegiatan, dan sistem imbalan, suasana yang kurang memadai di Posyandu sebagai tempat penyuluhan gizi bagi ibu-ibu peserta kegiatan UPGK, keterbatasan kesempatan, dana dan sarana untuk kegiatan kunjungan rumah. Petugas gizi selaku pembina kegiatan di Posyandu menghadapi keterbatasan sarana transportasi, disamping tugas rutin yang cukup banyak menyita perhatian dan waktu.

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