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All Journal Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian (JDP) Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Bernas JASc (Journal of Agribusiness Sciences) Pendas : Jurnah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Jurnal Pertanian Agros JURNAL AGROHITA JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI JURNAL PERTANIAN JURNAL AGRICA JCRS (Journal of Community Research and Service) Agroteknika Jurnal Ilmiah Padma Sri Kreshna Jurnal Agrium Best Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology) Jurnal Agro Estate Jurnal Riset Perkebunan (JRP) Journal of Agriculture (JoA) Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Jurnal Abdimas Maduma Jurnal Ilmiah Agritas Jurnal Agro Estate OKTAL : Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Sains Jurnal Agro Fabrica IRA Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan Jurnal Pertanian Agros
Hari Gunawan
Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia
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Journal : JURNAL AGRICA

 1 
Observasi Unsur Cuaca Terhadap Morfologi Buah Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) Di Dataran Tinggi Eros Anggara Lubis; Hari Gunawan
JURNAL AGRICA Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL AGRICA
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/agrica.v19i1.17638

Abstract

This study aims to conduct in-depth observations on how the morphological characteristics of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) fruit growing in highland ecosystems are influenced by weather factors. This study was conducted at the Bah Birung Ulu Plantation in North Sumatra, at an altitude of between 660 and 1,100 meters above sea level (masl). This study used an observational descriptive approach by conducting direct observations of three productive sample trees in Afdeling 3. Weather elements (daily temperature, rainfall, and humidity) and fruit morphology (mesocarp, endocarp, and kernel thickness, as well as fruit set). The results showed that the average temperature at the location ranged between 20.4°C and 22.7°C, which is far below the optimal standard for oil palm growth, which is 24-28°C. With high air humidity of 83–89% and annual rainfall of 3,591 mm, the physical dimensions of the fruit were less than optimal. The measurement results showed that the average mesocarp thickness was only 13.56 mm to 14.76 mm, indicating that low temperatures in the highlands slow down fruit flesh metabolism and oil biosynthesis processes. However, a fruit set value of 81% was found in all sample trees, indicating that the pollination process was still running well above the 75% threshold.[li1.1][h1.2] This study found that extreme low temperatures and high humidity physically limit fruit morphological development but do not significantly reduce the pollination success of bunches.
OBSERVASI POPULASI SERANGGA PENYERBUK KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust) PADA KETINGGIAN TEMPAT YANG BERBEDA Simarmata, Muhammad Arif Fakhri; Gunawan, Hari
JURNAL AGRICA Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL AGRICA
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/agrica.v19i1.17661

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the population of the pollinator insect Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust at different altitudes, the factors influencing it, and its relationship to oil palm fruit set. The study was conducted at two locations with different altitudes: 12 meters above sea level (Tanah Itam Ulu Plantation) and 715 meters above sea level (Bah Birung Ulu Plantation), from September to November 2025. The method used was descriptive quantitative, with primary data collected through direct observation of the insect population on anthesis male flowers, and secondary data collected from weather factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall). The results showed that the population of E. kamerunicus per hectare was higher at 12 meters above sea level, at 119,262 individuals/ha, compared to 70,692 individuals/ha at 715 meters above sea level. This difference was influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall, as well as biotic factors such as the number of male flowers blooming and the number of spikelets per bunch. Environmental conditions at lower elevations, with higher temperatures (31°C), lower humidity (79%), and lower rainfall, favor the activity and development of pollinating insect populations. Conversely, at higher elevations, with lower temperatures (22.1°C), high humidity (85%), and high rainfall, insect activity tends to be inhibited. Fruit set rates also showed a difference, reaching 87% at 12 meters above sea level and 79% at 715 meters above sea level. This indicates that the E. kamerunicus population influences the success of pollination and fruit set in oil palms. The higher the pollinating insect population, the higher the fruit set rate.
Co-Authors Abdi kusuma Abu Yazid, Abu Akbar Syam Ramadhan Akbar, Muhammad Lucky Sohibul Aritonang, Muhammad Iqbal Aulia, Mhd. Iqbal Aziz, Alfin bayu saputra Beriasi Fransisko Sinaga Bobi Agustian Celine Louise Adelia Purba Dedi Andika Dedi Andrial Siregar Dewi Fitriana Dicky Aryandika Diky Anggara Dyo Fauzan Eka Bobby Febrianto Eka Bobby Febrianto, Eka Bobby Eko Susanto Eros Anggara Lubis Fahlevi, Azwi Reza Faiq Raihan Zaky Siregar Faishol Jundi Abaidah Fanzani, Kelvin Aditya Givin Glenasfi Sinulingga Giyanto Guntoro Guntoro, Guntoro Hasibuan, Henry Budi Ihsan Taulani Iman Ghozali Inayatul Qur’ani Ingrid Ovie Yosephine Jhon F Parhorasan Jhon F. Parhorasan Juanda, Aulia Julfan Efendi Kani, Almunazza Khoiri, Rafi Al Kusuma, Satria E Kusuma Lesmana, Radika Dwi Lubis, Fadli Akbar Lumbanraja, Rafhael Albertus M. Alfarizi M. Farhan Harahap Mahyunis Maisarah Makhrani Sari Ginting Manullang, Raymond Marzuti Isra Megawati Siahaan Megawati Siahaan Meilano, Dimas Muhammad Rizky Andrian Muhammad Yusuf Dibisono Muzakki Muzakki, Muzakki Nona Valentine Sirait Nur Hidayah O Y sitompul, Inggrid Oktafian Sihaloho Oloando, Oloando Ovie Yosephine, Ingrid Pada Mulia Raja Pardimin Pasaribu, David Agustio Purjianto Purjianto Putri Ramadhani, Putri Putri, Intan Aulia Putri, Riska Adelina Rafly Fachrezy Rahadi Rahmad Kurniawan Rahmad Ridwan Rama Adrian Rassid Dwi A Matondang Ridho Saputra Rizky Anugerah Rosmayati Rosmayati Sajaratud Dur Sakiah Sakiah Siahaan, Fathir Alif Sianturi, Ruben Simanullang, Putra Sakti Simanullang, Rolas Simarmata, Alex Paul Hendry Simarmata, Muhammad Arif Fakhri Sinaga , Ferdi Sinaga, Immanuel Sudrajat, Ign Suprih Suparto Wijoyo SUSANAH Syarifah Yusra T. Sabrina Tuty Ningsih Wahyu Setya Ratri Wahyu Setya Ratri, Wahyu Setya Wahyuni, Seri Walmadri, Walmadri WARDATUL HUSNA IRHAM Wike Kusumastuti Winardi, Rafael Remit Yetty Dwi Lestari Zakwan, Zakwan