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THE ANTIBIOTICS SENSITIVITY TEST ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS FROM CHRONIC APICAL ABSCESS Malinda, Yuti; Prisinda, Diani
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 9, No 1 (2022): July 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Background: Prophylactic antibiotics are required as part of root canal therapy for patient with chronic apical abscess. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are the most common bacteria found in root canals with chronic apical abscess. Resistance to amoxicillin, clindamycin and vancomycin has been increasing year after year, necessitating the use of a sensitivity test. The goal of this research was to determine the sensitivity of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus from root canals with chronic apical abscess to amoxicillin, clindamycin, and vancomycin to make scientific antibiotic selections.Method: Six isolates of Staphylococcus and one Streptococcus from root canals with chronic apical abscess were identified by Remel RapID and tested to 10 g amoxicillin, 2 g clindamycin, and 30 g vancomycin using Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion sensitivity test. The diameter inhibition zone was measured and interpreted according to the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) standard.Result: Three of six Staphylococcus are resistant, one of six are intermediate, and two are sensitive to amoxicillin. While the Streptococcus is sensitive to amoxicillin. In contrast, all Staphylococcus and the Streptococcus are resistant to clindamycin. Whilst four of six Staphylococcus are resistant, two are intermediate, and the Streptococcus is resistant to vancomycin.Conclusion: Staphylococcus sensitivity to amoxicillin and vancomycin are diverse even though resistant to clindamycin. In comparison, the Streptococcus sensitivity to clindamycin and vancomycin is resistant but sensitive to amoxicillin.

KNOWLEDGE ON INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL AMONG STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN DENTAL HOSPITAL Paham, Aulia Narendra Mohamad; Malinda, Yuti; Setiawan, Ame Suciati
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 9, No 1 (2022): July 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Background: Dentist is one of the professions that are vulnerable to the transmission of infectious diseases there is hence it requires proper infection control. The educational hospital is responsible for carrying out infection control training that includes appropriate standard precautions for dental students before carrying out educational activities in the hospital so that students are ready to treat patients. This study aims to determine the knowledge of interns and residents at Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital on infection prevention and control.Method: This is a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach using data from the training section of Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital from August 2020 to February 2021. Determination of the number of samples taken using the Isaac and Michael formula and using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique.Result: The average value of interns and residents are the same, which is 71, seen also from the average percentage of those who answered correctly on the questionnaire which showed similar results between interns and residents. Conclusion: Knowledge on infection prevention and control among interns and residents are the same, with knowledge classified in the sufficient category.

Antifungal effectiveness of red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) against candida albicans ATCC 10231: Study experimental Salsabila, Syifa Ainun Fatiha; Setiawan, Ame Suciati; Malinda, Yuti
Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students Vol 9, No 3 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjdrs.v9i3.65556

ABSTRAKIntroduction: Oral candidiasis caused by Candida albicans is a common issue in dental medicine. Red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolics, which have potential antifungal properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effectiveness of red dragon fruit peel extract against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 in vitro. Methods: This experimental study employed the well diffusion method. The extract was tested in two volumes (20 µL and 100 µL) and five concentrations (50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%). Nystatin 100,000 IU/mL was used as a positive control, and 2.5% DMSO as a negative control. Microorganism identification was conducted using CHROMagar and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: No inhibition zones were observed in any of the extract treatments.. In contrast, Nystatin showed consistent inhibition zones with an average diameter above 17 mm, while DMSO showed no inhibitory effect. Morphological identification confirmed the test microorganism as Candida albicans. Conclusions: Red dragon fruit peel extract did not exhibit antifungal activity against Candida albicans in the well diffusion method. Further research is needed using different approaches and methodologies.KEY WORDS: candida albicans, red dragon fruit, antifungal, flavonoid, well diffusionEfektivitas antijamur ekstrak kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap candida albicans ATCC 10231: Studi eksperimentalABSTRACTPendahuluan: Kandidiasis oral akibat Candida albicans merupakan masalah umum di bidang kedokteran gigi. Kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid dan fenolik yang berpotensi sebagai antijamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak kulit buah naga merah terhadap Candida albicans ATCC 10231 secara in vitro. Metode: Studi eksperimental ini menggunakan metode difusi sumur (well diffusion). Ekstrak diuji dalam dua volume (20 µL dan 100 µL) dan lima konsentrasi (50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%). Nystatin 100.000 IU/mL digunakan sebagai kontrol positif, dan DMSO 2,5% sebagai kontrol negatif. Identifikasi mikroorganisme dilakukan melalui CHROMagar dan pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin. Hasil: Tidak menunjukan zona hambat pada seluruh perlakuan ekstrak. Sebaliknya, Nystatin menunjukkan zona hambat rerata di atas 17 mm, sementara DMSO tidak menunjukkan efek hambatan. Identifikasi morfologi mengkonfirmasi mikroorganisme uji sebagai Candida albicans. Simpulan: Ekstrak kulit buah naga merah tidak menunjukkan aktivitas antijamur terhadap Candida albicans dalam metode difusi sumur (well diffusion). Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan dengan pendekatan dan metode yang berbeda.KATA KUNCI: candida albicans, buah naga merah, antijamur, flavonoid, difusi sumur.

Antifungal efficacy of pomegranate aril extract against candida albicans ATCC 10231 in vitro: An experimental study Syafiq, Ikram; Setiawan, Ame Suciati; Malinda, Yuti
Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students Vol 9, No 3 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjdrs.v9i3.65436

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the herbal plants that is widely used as a traditional medicine and has been known to contain alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, punicalagin, phenolics and tannins that function as antifungals. Given the need for alternative antifungals with minimal side effects and the potential of pomegranate aril as significant antimicrobials and antifungals. This study aims to determine the inhibitory power of pomegranate aril extract against C. albicans which is a fungus that causes oral candidiasis. Methods: The antifungal activity test was carried out using the agar diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone. The average value of the measurement results was taken to see the effect of the concentration of pomegranate aril extract on the growth of C. albicans. Results: The results showed that pomegranate aril extract concentrations of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.12% did not produce an inhibition zone Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that pomegranate aril extract has no inhibitory power against C. albicans.KEY WORDS: Oral candidiasis, pomegranate aril extract, antifungal, C. albicans, inhibitory zone diameter.Efektivitas antijamur ekstrak aril buah delima terhadap jamur candida albicans ATCC 10231 secara in vitro: Studi eksperimentalABSTRAKPendahuluan: Delima (Punica granatum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman herbal yang banyak digunakan sebagai obat tradisional dan telah diketahui mengandung senyawa alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, punicalagin, fenolik dan tanin yang berfungsi sebagai antijamur. Mengingat adanya kebutuhan akan alternatif antijamur dengan efek samping minimal dan potensi aril buah delima sebagai antimikroba dan antijamur yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak aril buah delima terhadap C. albicans yang merupakan jamur penyebab oral candidiasis. Metode: Ekstrak aril buah delima diperoleh melalui maserasi kemudian diencerkan hingga mendapatkan konsentrasi 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, dan 3,12%. Uji aktivitas antijamur dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan cara mengukur diameter zona hambat. Hasil pengukuran diambil nilai reratanya untuk melihat pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak aril buah delima terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak aril buah delima konsentrasi 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% dan 3.12% tidak menghasilkan zona hambat. Simpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diperoleh simpulan bahwa ekstrak aril buah delima tidak memiliki daya hambat terhadap C. albicans.KATA KUNCI: Oral candidiasis, ekstrak aril buah delima, antijamur, C. albicans, diameter zona hambat.

THE ANTIBIOTICS SENSITIVITY TEST ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS FROM CHRONIC APICAL ABSCESS Malinda, Yuti; Prisinda, Diani
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 9, No 1 (2022): July 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/odj.9.1.130-137

Background: Prophylactic antibiotics are required as part of root canal therapy for patient with chronic apical abscess. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are the most common bacteria found in root canals with chronic apical abscess. Resistance to amoxicillin, clindamycin and vancomycin has been increasing year after year, necessitating the use of a sensitivity test. The goal of this research was to determine the sensitivity of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus from root canals with chronic apical abscess to amoxicillin, clindamycin, and vancomycin to make scientific antibiotic selections.Method: Six isolates of Staphylococcus and one Streptococcus from root canals with chronic apical abscess were identified by Remel RapID and tested to 10 g amoxicillin, 2 g clindamycin, and 30 g vancomycin using Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion sensitivity test. The diameter inhibition zone was measured and interpreted according to the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) standard.Result: Three of six Staphylococcus are resistant, one of six are intermediate, and two are sensitive to amoxicillin. While the Streptococcus is sensitive to amoxicillin. In contrast, all Staphylococcus and the Streptococcus are resistant to clindamycin. Whilst four of six Staphylococcus are resistant, two are intermediate, and the Streptococcus is resistant to vancomycin.Conclusion: Staphylococcus sensitivity to amoxicillin and vancomycin are diverse even though resistant to clindamycin. In comparison, the Streptococcus sensitivity to clindamycin and vancomycin is resistant but sensitive to amoxicillin.

KNOWLEDGE ON INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL AMONG STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN DENTAL HOSPITAL Paham, Aulia Narendra Mohamad; Malinda, Yuti; Setiawan, Ame Suciati
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 9, No 1 (2022): July 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/odj.9.1.100-109

Background: Dentist is one of the professions that are vulnerable to the transmission of infectious diseases there is hence it requires proper infection control. The educational hospital is responsible for carrying out infection control training that includes appropriate standard precautions for dental students before carrying out educational activities in the hospital so that students are ready to treat patients. This study aims to determine the knowledge of interns and residents at Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital on infection prevention and control.Method: This is a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach using data from the training section of Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital from August 2020 to February 2021. Determination of the number of samples taken using the Isaac and Michael formula and using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique.Result: The average value of interns and residents are the same, which is 71, seen also from the average percentage of those who answered correctly on the questionnaire which showed similar results between interns and residents. Conclusion: Knowledge on infection prevention and control among interns and residents are the same, with knowledge classified in the sufficient category.

Effectiveness of Calcium Hydroxide Against Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm in Dental Root Canals bilqis haifa nawari; Yuti Malinda; Diani Prisinda
Enrichment: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol. 2 No. 11 (2025): Enrichment: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/enrichment.v2i11.300

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is the most widely detected species associated with persistent endodontic infections because it has the ability to form biofilms. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide paste Calcigel® (Prevest DenPro, India) on E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) biofilms in root canals with exposure times of 14, 21, and 28 days. The type of research used was true experimental in vitro by randomly selecting samples of tooth roots on the 14th day of biofilm development and dividing them into six groups: use of Ca(OH)2 as intra-canal medicament for 14, 21, and 28 days, as well as positive control without treatment for 14, 21, and 28 days. Dentin chip suspensions were used for colony form ng units counting to estimates remaining E. faecalis counts. The effectiveness calculation obtained by comparing the test group with the control group at the same treatment duration, with the results of using Ca(OH)2 for 14 days showing a decrease in the number of E. faecalis 96.46%, the results of using Ca(OH)2 for 21 days was 95.20%, while the results of using Ca(OH)2 for 28 days was 94.59%. The results of testing the hypothesis with the ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide with exposure to 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days with a significance value of <0.452.

Physicochemical characteristics evaluation of commercial artificial saliva based on hydroxyethyl cellulose Pratiwi, Wening; Tjahajawati, Sri; Kuswandani, Faisal; Budiman, Arif; Malinda, Yuti
Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students Vol 10, No 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjdrs.v10i2.70045

ABSTRACT Introduction: Artificial saliva is used to manage xerostomia, a medical disorder primarily caused by impaired salivary gland function, by serving as a substitute for natural saliva. Because of its favorable viscosity and stability, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) is frequently used as a thickening agent and lubricant in artificial saliva. Artificial saliva should be evaluated for its physicochemical characteristics to ensure that the formulation closely mimics natural saliva. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of HEC-based artificial saliva commercially available in Indonesia. Methods: Based on market availability, two artificial saliva products in liquid formulations were obtained and analyzed. Sample 1 was an HEC-based formulation with a combination of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and methylparaben, whereas sample 2 was an HEC-based formulation with Aloe vera and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The physicochemical characteristics of the samples were evaluated based on chemical properties (pH and buffer capacity) and physical properties (viscosity, density, and surface tension). Results: The results showed that sample 1 had an average pH of 6.81±0.32, a buffer capacity of 0.288 mmol H+/L, a viscosity of 10.33 mPa.s, a density of 1.065 g/cm³, and a surface tension of 44.8 mN/m. Meanwhile, sample 2 had an average pH of 5.08±0.52, a buffer capacity of 0.158 mmol H+/L, a viscosity of 2.50 mPa.s, a density of 1.113 g/cm³, and a surface tension of 45.6 mN/m. Conclusion: This study found that sample 1 demonstrated chemical and physical characteristics more similar to natural saliva, whereas sample 2 had a lower pH, buffer capacity, and viscosity but a slightly higher density and surface tension.KEY WORDS: Hydroxyethyl cellulose, artificial saliva, saliva substitute, physicochemical characteristics.Evaluasi karakteristik fisikokimia air liur buatan komersial berbasis hidroksietil selulosa ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Air liur buatan digunakan untuk mengobati xerostomia, suatu gangguan medis yang terutama disebabkan oleh gangguan kelenjar ludah, dengan menggantikan air liur alami. Karena viskositas dan stabilitasnya yang menguntungkan, hidroksietil selulosa (HEC) sering digunakan sebagai pengental dan pelumas dalam air liur buatan. Air liur buatan perlu dievaluasi dari segi karakteristik fisikokimia untuk memastikan bahwa formulasi tersebut menyerupai air liur alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik fisikokimia air liur buatan berbasis HEC yang tersedia secara komersial di Indonesia. Metode: Berdasarkan ketersediaan di pasaran, dua air liur buatan dalam formulasi cair diperoleh dan dianalisis. Sampel 1 adalah formulasi berbasis HEC dengan kombinasi polietilen glikol (PEG) dan metilparaben, sedangkan sampel 2 adalah formulasi berbasis HEC dengan lidah buaya dan setilpiridinium klorida (CPC). Karakteristik fisikokimia sampel diukur, baik sifat kimia (pH, kapasitas buffer) maupun sifat fisik (viskositas, densitas, tegangan permukaan) dievaluasi. (3) Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampel 1 memiliki pH rerata 6,81±0,32, kapasitas buffer 0,288 mmol H+/L, viskositas 10,33 mPa.s, densitas 1,065 g/cm³, dan tegangan permukaan 44,8 mN/m. Sementara itu, sampel 2 memiliki pH rata-rata 5,08±0,52, kapasitas buffer 0,158 mmol H+/L, viskositas 2,50 mPa.s, densitas 1,113 g/cm³, dan tegangan permukaan 45,6 mN/m. (4) Simpulan: Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sampel 1 menunjukkan karakteristik kimia dan fisik yang lebih mirip dengan air liur alami, sedangkan sampel 2 memiliki pH, kapasitas buffer, dan viskositas yang lebih rendah tetapi densitas dan tegangan permukaan yang sedikit lebih tinggi.KATA KUNCI: Hidroksietil selulosa, air liur buatan, pengganti air liur, karakteristik fisikokimia.

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