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All Journal Dentika Dental Journal Journal of Dentistry Indonesia Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Jurnal Kreativitas PKM Jurnal Material Kedokteran Gigi Jurnal AKAL: Abdimas dan Kearifan Lokal Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Terpadu JURNAL ABDI MASYARAKAT INDONESIA (JAMIN) Jurnal Abdimas Kesehatan Terpadu Sriwijaya Journal of Dentistry JMMR (Jurnal Medicoeticolegal dan Manajemen Rumah Sakit) Sonde (Sound of Dentistry) SDJ
Joko Kusnoto
Department Of Orthodontics, Faculty Of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti
Humanities Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Efficacy of Probiotics, Cetylpyridinium Chloride, and Enzymes Toothpaste Formulations Against Periodontal Pathogens in Fixed Orthodontic Patients: A Review Michelle; Joko Kusnoto; Harryanto Wijaya
Sriwijaya Journal of Dentistry Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Dentistry
Publisher : Dentistry Study Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya 

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/yvwn2814

Abstract

Introduction: Fixed orthodontic appliances complicate oral hygiene and promote biofilm accumulation, increasing the risk of periodontal disease. Toothpaste formulations with antimicrobial properties such as Lactobacillus paracasei probiotics, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and amyloglucosidase–glucose oxidase enzymes are commonly used to manage oral biofilm and control pathogenic bacteria. However, the extent of their effectiveness against periodontal pathogens in orthodontic patients remains unclear. Purpose: This review aims to map and summarize the current evidence on the efficacy of various toothpaste formulations in reducing periodontal pathogens among patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) was conducted to identify relevant studies published from 2015 to 2025. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively, focusing on types of formulations, study outcomes, and microbial targets. Results: Formulations containing antimicrobial agents such as probiotics, enzymes, and cetylpyridinium chloride showed variable effects on specific periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Each mechanism antimicrobial, probiotic, and enzymatic addresses different aspects of biofilm regulation. Conclusion: Toothpastes containing L. paracasei probiotics, CPC, and amyloglucosidase–glucose oxidase enzymes offer complementary ways to control periodontal pathogens in orthodontic patients. Combining these mechanisms may enhance biofilm control and microbial balance, though further research is needed to confirm their long-term benefits.
The Effect of Probiotic on Oral Health in Children : A Systematic Literature Review Alyah Heriandi; Joko Kusnoto; Armelia Sari Widyarman
Sriwijaya Journal of Dentistry Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Dentistry
Publisher : Dentistry Study Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya 

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/sjd.v7i1.97

Abstract

Introduction: Oral health problems, particularly dental caries, continue to be a significant global health challenge for children. Caries leads to pain, infection, impaired nutrition, and affects overall well-being. Probiotics, live microorganisms with potential health benefits, have emerged as a preventive measure in pediatric dentistry, particularly in managing oral microbiota. Purpose: This review evaluates the impact of probiotics on oral health in children, focusing on caries prevention, microbiota composition, plaque, gingival health, and salivary parameters. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and quasi-experimental studies published between 2010 and 2025. Data was synthesized qualitatively to identify trends and outcomes across various probiotic interventions.  Results: Studies generally show that probiotics reduce cariogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans, improve plaque control, and enhance gingival health. However, long-term benefits for caries prevention remain inconsistent. The effectiveness of probiotics varies by strain, dosage, and delivery method. Conclusion: Probiotics hold promise as adjunctive agents in pediatric oral health care but are not a substitute for traditional oral hygiene practices. Further research, particularly long-term studies with standardized protocols, is essential to establish clear guidelines for their use in preventing caries in children.
Chewing Gum, Acetaminophen, and Green Tea Effect in Reducing Pain After Orthodontic Appliance Placement Elvina Elvina; Joko Kusnoto; Himawan Halim; Boedi Oetomo Roeslan
Scientific Dental Journal VOLUME 2, ISSUE 2, MAY 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/sdj.v2i2.2530

Abstract

Background: Pain is a common problem encountered after fixed orthodontic appliance placement. Pain from orthodontic treatment can come from ischemia, inflammation, and edema in the periodontal ligaments that were depressed. Objectives: To determine whether there are differences in the pain reduction associated with chewing gum, taking acetaminophen, and gargling green tea after fixed orthodontic appliance placement. Methods: This study is a quasi-experiment with a controlled randomized post-treatment approach using 40 subjects. The subjects were consecutively selected and then randomly assigned into four equal groups: a group assigned to chewing gum, a group assigned to take acetaminophen, a group assigned to gargle green tea, and a control group. The level of pain was measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). A one-way ANOVA test was used to analyse differences between the groups. Results: The VAS scores of the chewing gum and acetaminophen groups were lower than the green tea and control groups. At 24 hours after fixed orthodontic appliance placement, only the chewing gum group reported a decrease in the amount of pain experienced. Overall, the chewing gum group reported the lowest pain scores compared to other groups. However, there was no overall statistically significant difference between the chewing gum and acetaminophen group (p>0.05). Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of pain reduction experienced by the green tea group and the control group (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in the amount of pain reduction reported between the chewing gum or acetaminophen groups and the green tea group (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between chewing gum and taking acetaminophen in the amount of pain reduction experienced after fixed orthodontic appliance placement, but gargling with green tea was found to be significantly less effective in reducing pain. Because it has fewer side effects, chewing gum may be a more preferable alternative to taking acetaminophen to reduce pain after fixed orthodontic appliance placement.
Co-Authors Adi Hidayat Adi Hidayat Adzra Fadla Taqia Alyah Heriandi Andayani, Lia H Andayani, Lia Hapsari Arianne Dwimega Ariyani, Annisaa Putri Armelia Sari Widyarman Asyurati Asia Boedi Oetomo Roeslan Boedi Oetomo Roeslan Budi Kusnoto Cindy Dewi Ranggaini Dominica Dian Saraswati Sumantri Elline, Elline Elvina Elvina Faadiyah Nisa Fajar Hamonangan Nasution Febri Fahmawati Goalbertus, Goalbertus Hanarni Kubelinda Hapsari Andayani, Lia Harryanto Wijaya Haryanto, Sarah Tiara Heriandi, Alyah Hernindya Dwifulqi Himawan Halim Himawan Halim Himawan Halim Holie Fransiski Indah Fitriani Indrayadi Gunardi, Indrayadi Irawati Gandadinata Irawati Gandadinata Janti Sudiono Jessica, Sarah Johni Halim Juliawati, Mita Kirana Damayanti, Nasywa Kusnadi, Stephanie Justine Kusnoto, Budi Lia Hapsari Andayani Maitimu, Fergie Christin Maureen A. Wongso Meiny Faudah Amin Melanie Sadono Djamil, Melanie Sadono Michelle Michelle Nicolas Brian Simanjuntak Nugroho, Didi Octarina Octarina Octarina Olivia Piona Sahelangi Rahmi Amtha Rahmi Amtha Ratnasari, Dina Richentya Feiby Salim Riko Nofrizal Roro Asyurati Asia, Raden Rosalina Tjandrawinata Rosmalinda Suryani Sarah Jessica Sarah Tiara Haryanto Sasqia Faadilah Andikoputri Soesanto, Sheila Sonya Grecila Susilo Sumantri, Dominica Dian Saraswati Sundjoyo, Mikha Tanusetiawan, Steffi Vanessa Yovanka Widyarman, Armelia Sari Wita Anggraini Yayuk Yuliarsi Yohana Yusra Yovanka, Vanessa