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ANKILOSTOMIASIS PENYAKIT TROPIS TERABAIKAN: TINJAUANLITERATUR TENTANG EPIDEMIOLOGI, MANIFESTASI KLINIS,DIAGNOSIS, DAN STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN Irawati, Nur Bebi Ulfah; Hermawati, Luluk; Hilizza Awalina Zulfa; Prameswari , Yuda Nabella; Damayanti , Putri; Furqoni , Abdul Hadi
JURNAL BIOSENSE Vol 8 No 4 (2025): Edisi Oktober 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, Jalan Ikan Tongkol No 01, Telp (0333) 421593, 428592 Banyuwangi 68416

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/biosense.v8i4.5721

Abstract

Ankilostomiasis merupakan penyakit parasitik yang disebabkan oleh cacing Ancylostoma duodenal dan Necator americanus, dan tergolong sebagai salah satu penyakit tropis terabaikan (Neglected Tropical Diseases, NTDs). Penyakit ini endemik di wilayah tropis dan subtropis, terutama di daerah dengan sanitasi lingkungan buruk dan kebiasaan tidak menggunakan alas kaki. Meskipun dapat ditangani dengan obat anthelmintik seperti albendazol dan mebendazol, reinfeksi sering terjadi karena akar masalah lingkungan dan sosial belum terselesaikan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara komprehensif literatur ilmiah terkini mengenai agen penyebab, siklus hidup, epidemiologi, manifestasi klinis,diagnosis, serta strategi pencegahan dan pengendalian ankilostomiasis. Penelitian ini merupakan systematic literature review yang mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis literatur tahun 2014–2025 mengenai ankilostomiasis pada manusia, meliputi agen penyebab, siklushidup, prevalensi, manifestasi klinis, metode diagnosis, serta strategi pencegahan dan pengendalian, dengan seleksi artikel dilakukan berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA. Ankilostomiasis berkontribusi signifikan terhadap beban penyakit kronis melalui dampak seperti anemia defisiensi besi, gangguan tumbuh kembang anak, dan penurunan kapasitas produktif masyarakat. Diagnosis dini masih menjadi tantangan karena gejala yang tidak spesifik, sementara upaya pengendalian memerlukan intervensi lintas sektor, termasuk edukasi perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, perbaikan sanitasi, serta program deworming massal. Pengendalian ankilostomiasis tidak dapat mengandalkan terapi farmakologis semata, tetapi harus disertai dengan pendekatan lingkungan dan sosial yang menyeluruh. Strategi terpadu sangat diperlukan untuk menurunkan prevalensi dan memutus siklus penularan, terutama diwilayah endemis.
Problem-Based Learning Dan Pengembangan Higher-Order Thinking Skills Pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran: Tinjauan Literatur Wulansari, Ekawati Rini; Fidusia, Amanah Eva; Agustianti, Erika; Asma’ul Husna, Firda; Darifah, Siti; Trisnasari , erni; Hermawati, Luluk
Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Arfah BHMS Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63980/eduvasi.v1i3.93

Abstract

Modern medical education emphasizes not only the mastery of medical knowledge but also the development of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), including critical thinking, problem solving, and self-directed learning (SDL). To achieve these learning outcomes, Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has become one of the most widely implemented instructional strategies in medical curricula worldwide. This literature-based study aims to systematically examine the contribution of PBL in medical education to the enhancement of students’ HOTS. The Methods was using A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the keywords “Problem-Based Learning,” “Medical Education,” “Higher-Order Thinking Skills,” “Critical Thinking,” “Problem solving,” and “Self-Directed Learning.” Inclusion criteria consisted of publications from 2015–2025, empirical research, systematic reviews, or literature reviews within the field of medical education. The Results are The findings indicate that PBL in medical education significantly improves critical thinking by fostering analytical and evaluative skills, enhances problem-solving ability through authentic clinical case scenarios, and supports self-directed learning by promoting learner autonomy in identifying study needs and accessing scientific evidence. The success of PBL depends on the quality of case scenarios, the role of tutors as facilitators, and the readiness of students to engage actively in the learning process. The Conclusion is Evidence from the literature highlights that Problem-Based Learning plays a pivotal role in developing higher-order thinking skills among medical students. Integrating PBL systematically into medical curricula—supported by adequate learning resources and trained facilitators—strengthens lifelong learning competencies and prepares students to face the complex challenges of modern healthcare.
Touch Dna Dalam Penerapan Ilmu Forensik: Tinjauan Literatur Adhayati, Baety; Hermawati, Luluk; Furqoni, Abdul Hadi
Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 12, No 5 (2025): Volume 12 Nomor 5
Publisher : Prodi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/jikk.v12i5.20611

Abstract

DNA berasal dari sel-sel epitel yang tertinggal akibat kontak fisik minimal, telah menjadi komponen penting dalam ilmu forensik modern. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah secara sistematis aspek fundamental dan aplikatif dari Touch DNA, termasuk asal-usul biologis, metode pengumpulan, teknik analisis, serta tantangan interpretatif yang dihadapi dalam praktik forensik. Literatur dikumpulkan melalui penelusuran sistematis pada basis data elektronik PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar, dengan menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci yang relevan. Seleksi artikel dilakukan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan, untuk memastikan kualitas metodologis dan relevansi tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun analisis STR memungkinkan identifikasi DNA dengan jumlah sampel minimal, keberhasilan ekstraksi dan interpretasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor seperti jenis permukaan, durasi dan tekanan sentuhan, serta kondisi lingkungan. Teknik pengumpulan seperti pengusapan basah dan angkat perekat terbukti krusial dalam memaksimalkan perolehan DNA. Selain itu, keberadaan DNA campuran, risiko kontaminasi, dan transfer sekunder menjadi tantangan utama dalam validitas hasil. Pendekatan berbasis probabilistik dalam interpretasi genotipe kini semakin banyak diadopsi untuk mengatasi kompleksitas ini.
RESISTENSI INSEKTISIDA PADA AEDES AEGYPTI: MEKANISME BIOLOGIS DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENGENDALIAN DENGUE Irawati, Nur Bebi Ulfah; Hermawati, Luluk; Awalina Zulfa, Hilizza; Fitrina Nasution, Silvia
Medika Tadulako: Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/mtj.v10i2.1977

Abstract

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global dengan Aedes aegypti sebagai vektor utama penularan. Penggunaan insektisida kimia masih menjadi strategi utama dalam pengendalian vektor, namun efektivitasnya semakin menurun akibat berkembangnya resistensi terhadap insektisida. Artikel ini merupakan tinjauan literatur terhadap 36 studi yang dipublikasikan pada 2015–2025 untuk mengeksplorasi mekanisme resistensi Ae. aegypti dan implikasinya terhadap pengendalian dengue. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa resistensi berkembang melalui mekanisme metabolik, target-site (mutasi pada gen VGSC dan ace-1) yang dapat menimbulkan fenomena knockdown resistance (kdr), sementara peningkatan aktivitas enzim metabolik seperti esterases, glutation-S-transferase, dan sitokrom P450 berperan dalam detoksifikasi insektisida, penetrasi kutikula, serta resistensi perilaku nyamuk. Paparan jangka panjang terhadap insektisida juga dapat memicu ekspresi gen baru terkait struktur kutikula, metabolisme energi, dan protease, yang turut memperkuat resistensi. Faktor manusia, lingkungan, dan biologi nyamuk turut mempercepat proses seleksi resistensi. Resistensi yang meluas terbukti menurunkan efektivitas fogging, larvasida, dan insektisida rumah tangga, sehingga meningkatkan risiko penularan dengue. Sebagai respon, pendekatan alternatif seperti rotasi insektisida, penggunaan bioinsektisida, teknologi genetik, serta surveilans resistensi adaptif dinilai penting untuk memperkuat Integrated Vector Management (IVM). Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa resistensi insektisida bukan sekadar isu biologis, melainkan tantangan multidimensional yang menuntut strategi pengendalian terpadu dan berkelanjutan guna menekan insidensi dengue.
Clinical Interpretation of Urinalysis for Early Detection of Kidney Disorders: A Narrative Review Adinda Puspita Dewi; Selfie Selfie; Baety Adhayati; Yuda Nabella Prameswari; Lola Febriana Dewi; Luluk Hermawati
International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science Vol 4 No 12 (2025)
Publisher : Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59278/cbs.v4i12.79

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue with a steadily increasing prevalence and often remains asymptomatic in its early stages. This silent progression contributes to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. Urinalysis is a simple, inexpensive, and noninvasive examination that remains relevant as an early screening tool to detect renal abnormalities before clinical manifestations appear. Methods: This narrative review summarizes the latest scientific evidence regarding the diagnostic value of urinalysis in the early detection of kidney disorders by highlighting the physical, chemical, and microscopic parameters of urine. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2020 and 2025 with the keywords urinalysis, kidney disease, early detection, uACR, and eGFR. Only English- or Indonesian-language articles relevant to the topic and containing empirical data were included. Results: Urinalysis has been shown to provide early indicators of proteinuria, hematuria, and pathological casts that reflect glomerular and tubular injury. Integration of urinalysis results with uACR and eGFR measurements, as recommended by KDIGO 2024, improves diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification. Additionally, automated digital microscopy and emerging biomarkers such as NGAL and KIM-1 show substantial potential in strengthening early detection capabilities. Discussion and Clinical Implications: Urinalysis not only serves as a screening tool but also holds prognostic value in guiding follow-up and clinical management of high-risk individuals. Proper interpretation of urinalysis findings can assist clinicians in determining the need for further assessment, initiating earlier interventions, and optimizing prevention of CKD progression. Conclusion: Urinalysis remains an essential basic examination for the early detection of kidney impairment. Its integrated application with modern laboratory parameters can enhance diagnostic effectiveness, accelerate clinical intervention, and reduce the global burden of chronic kidney disease.
Skrining Tekanan Darah Sebagai Langkah Preventif Komplikasi Hipertensi Pada Masyarakat Desa Kasemen, Provinsi Banten: Blood Pressure Screening as a Preventive Effort to Reduce Hypertension Complications in Kasemen Village Community, Banten Province Adhayati, Baety; Prameswari, Yuda Nabella; Hermawati, Luluk; Wulansari, Ekawati Rini; Zulfa, Hilizza Awalina; Putri, Neshya Ruriana
PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 10 No. 12 (2025): PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/pengabdianmu.v10i12.10337

Abstract

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension continues to rise, particularly among the productive and elderly populations. This community service activity aims to conduct early detection and provide education on hypertension through blood pressure screening in Kasemen Village, Serang City, Banten Province. The method employed is a participatory approach involving faculty members and medical students from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at UNTIRTA. A total of 247 village residents participated in this activity, and from 230 valid data, it was found that 51.30% of respondents had hypertension. The highest proportion of hypertension was observed among the elderly group (71.6%) and men (80%). In addition to blood pressure measurement, education on the importance of regular blood pressure monitoring and healthy lifestyle changes was also provided to raise community awareness. The results of this activity demonstrate that community-based screening, combined with health education, is an effective strategy for preventing and controlling hypertension, while also serving as a field-based learning opportunity for medical students.
Upaya Preventif Masalah Malnutrisi melalui Evaluasi Status Gizi Lansia di UPTD Sosial Banten Trisnasari, Erni; Sulthany, Ade Ichwan; Darifah, Siti; Pratiwisitha, Maytia; Wulansari, Ekawati Rini; Hermawati, Luluk
Jurnal Mandala Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Mandala Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Progran Studi Farmasi Universitas Mandala Waluya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35311/jmpm.v6i2.690

Abstract

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi status gizi lansia dan meningkatkan literasi gizi sebagai upaya preventif terhadap risiko malnutrisi. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di UPTD Perlindungan Sosial Provinsi Banten dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif melalui pengukuran antropometri dan edukasi gizi interaktif. Tinggi badan lansia diestimasi menggunakan dua metode, yaitu panjang rentang lengan dan tinggi lutut, yang hasilnya digunakan untuk menghitung Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Dari 13 lansia yang diperiksa, 4 orang (30,8%) tergolong Underweight, 4 orang (30,8%) normal, dan 5 orang (38,4%) mengalami kelebihan berat badan, dengan klasifikasi IMT yang identik dari kedua metode estimasi tinggi badan. Sesi edukasi literasi gizi menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman peserta terhadap pentingnya konsumsi makanan bergizi seimbang. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa metode estimasi tinggi badan tersebut valid digunakan dalam penilaian status gizi lansia, dan bahwa edukasi gizi berperan penting dalam mendorong kesadaran gizi lansia sebagai bagian dari strategi promotif dan preventif di lingkungan lembaga sosial.
Optimalisasi Waktu Fiksasi Menggunakan Formalin 10% Pada Ginjal, Hepar, dan Pankreas Tikus Sprague Dawley Untuk Pewarnaan Haematoxylin-Eosin Alwi, Muhammad Azharan; Rachmawati, Nurlaely Mida; Ariany, Devy; Hermawati, Luluk; Zulfa, Hilizza Awalina
Calvaria Medical Journal Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Edisi Desember 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services (LPPM) of University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30742/kp751w77

Abstract

Background: Histotechnology is a series of procedures used to prepare histological specimens for microscopic analysis. One of the critical steps in this process is fixation, which serves to preserve tissue structure and prevent changes in shape or size. However, excessive fixation duration may lead to over-hardening of tissues, resulting in reduced quality of histological observations. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of two week formalin 10% fixation period on histological quality of kidney, liver, and pancreas tissues. Methods: After a 14-day adaptation period, male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized, necropsied, and their kidney, liver, and pancreas were fixed in 10% formalin. Histotechnical procedures included graded alcohol dehydration, toluene clearing, paraffin embedding, 6 µm sectioning, and HE staining. Preparations were observed using an Olympus BX41 microscope at magnifications of 4x–40x. Results: Two-week fixation caused structural damage to the kidney, liver, and pancreas. Damage observed included glomeruli and tubules in the kidney, the portal triad structure in the liver, and the Langerhans islet cells in the pancreas. Statistical results (if any) should be included here. Conclusions: Fixation for two weeks did not produce adequate histological preparations, and therefore, it is not recommended as a reference for developing histotechnology SOPs in related laboratories.
Penyakit Akibat Kerja Tuberkulosis Paru pada Petugas Kebersihan di Laboratorium Rumah Sakit Darifah, Siti; Roslina, Sri; Wibowo, David; Hermawati, Luluk; Zukhra, Shelly ; Irawati, Nur Bebi Ulfah
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2025): JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol. 12.2 (2025)
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.v12i2.960

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis (TB) paru masih menjadi masalah kesehatan kerja terutama pada tenaga medis maupun non-medis yang bekerja di fasilitas kesehatan. Paparan droplet mengandung Mycobacterium tuberculosis dapat meningkatkan risiko infeksi, khususnya pada petugas kebersihan yang bekerja di area laboratorium. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kasus TB paru dan efusi pleura sebagai penyakit akibat kerja pada seorang petugas kebersihan laboratorium rumah sakit serta menilai faktor risiko pekerjaan yang berkontribusi terhadap penularan. Ilustrasi Kasus: Pasien laki-laki berusia 41 tahun dengan riwayat pekerjaan sebagai petugas kebersihan yang telah bekerja selama 10 tahun di rumah sakit di bagian laboratorium rumah sakit termasuk membersihkan chamber sampel dahak, terpapar droplet yang mengandung M. tuberculosis. Gejala klinis meliputi batuk berdahak, sesak napas, demam, dan penurunan berat badan. Hasil TCM menunjukkan MTB Detected Very Low tanpa resistensi rifampisin. Pasien diterapi dengan regimen 4 FDC (rifampisin, isoniazid, pirazinamid, etambutol) dengan respons baik Diskusi: Riwayat paparan rutin terhadap aerosol yang berasal dari sampel dahak pasien TB di lingkungan kerja menjadi faktor risiko utama infeksi pada petugas kebersihan. Diagnosis penyakit akibat kerja ditegakkan berdasarkan hubungan temporal antara paparan dan timbulnya penyakit sesuai pedoman penilaian penyakit akibat kerja. Kurangnya penggunaan alat pelindung diri dan pengawasan lingkungan turut memperbesar risiko transmisi.
Preliminary Study on Long Fixation in Histological Preparations of Internal Organs of Sprague Dawley Rats Prahanarendra, Galang; Ariany, Devy; Rachmawati, Nurlaely Mida; Hermawati , Luluk; Putri, Ghea Farmaning Thias
International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science Vol 4 No 12 (2025)
Publisher : Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59278/cbs.v4i12.77

Abstract

Histotechnology is a series of processes ranging from tissue handling to the preparation of slides that can be observed under a microscope. One crucial stage in this process is fixation, which serves to preserve the structure and morphology of the tissue as close as possible to its original physiological state. However, prolonged fixation duration may lead to tissue hardening, dissolution, and structural damage. This study aims to obtain supporting data for the development of a standard operating procedure (SOP) in histotechnology that can be applied in the animal house and histology laboratories of the Faculty of Medicine, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta. The results showed that fixation for three weeks caused morphological damage to the kidney, liver, and pancreas of Sprague Dawley rats. The findings included tissue perforation in all three organs, endothelial nuclear damage in the kidney, central vein wall damage in the liver, and cellular disintegration in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that a fixation duration of three weeks does not produce optimal histological images and therefore cannot be used as a reference for establishing a standard histotechnology SOP in the laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta.