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Studi sejarah perang sebagai basis pengembangan doktrin pertahanan Indonesia: Analisis teoretis dan perbandingan global Grahadi, Animus; Zulfikar, Akhmad; Widjayanto , Joni
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v9i12026p43-52

Historical study of warfare as a basis for the development of Indonesia’s defense doctrine: A theoretical analysis and global comparison The study of war history in defense studies is often viewed as a descriptive narrative or a supplement to historiography, so its role in shaping modern defense doctrine has not yet been actively explored. This article analyzes how historical war experience can serve as a source of strategic learning in the development of Indonesia’s defense doctrine. The research uses a qualitative approach, drawing on a literature review and comparing Indonesia’s experiences with those of other countries. The findings show that war history functions not only as a record of events but also as a strategic testing ground that helps identify patterns of doctrinal adaptation to shifts in threats. In the Indonesian context, the experience of the War of Independence not only gave rise to the concept of Total Defense but also shaped a defense logic rooted in community involvement, which remains relevant for addressing hybrid and asymmetric threats. This study highlights that integrating the philosophical, cultural, and practical dimensions of war history strengthens the conceptual basis for developing a national defense doctrine that is flexible and context sensitive. Studi sejarah perang dalam kajian pertahanan kerap ditempatkan sebagai narasi deskriptif atau pelengkap historiografi, sehingga kontribusinya terhadap perumusan doktrin pertahanan kontemporer belum dikaji secara konseptual. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana sejarah perang dapat diposisikan sebagai sumber pembelajaran strategis dalam pengembangan doktrin pertahanan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis literatur dan perbandingan historis antara pengalaman Indonesia dan beberapa negara lain. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sejarah perang berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai rekaman peristiwa, tetapi sebagai laboratorium strategis yang memungkinkan identifikasi pola adaptasi doktrin terhadap perubahan karakter ancaman. Dalam konteks Indonesia, pengalaman Perang Kemerdekaan tidak sekadar melahirkan konsep Pertahanan Semesta, tetapi juga membentuk logika pertahanan berbasis keterlibatan masyarakat yang relevan untuk menghadapi ancaman hibrida dan asimetris. Studi ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi dimensi filosofis, kultural, dan praktis dalam sejarah perang memperkaya landasan konseptual pengembangan doktrin pertahanan nasional yang adaptif dan kontekstual.

Strategi pengembangan potensi Situ Cileunca sebagai destinasi wisata di Pangalengan Sidqiyah, Chamiyatus; Hardi, Ahmad Rustama; Kurniadewi, Elisa; Putri, Sifana Nur Amelia; Ratunadhani, Agiva; Pradhifa, Aranaila Cayenne
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v8i22025p330-339

Strategy for developing the potential of Situ Cileunca as a tourism destination in Pangalengan This research aims to identify the tourism potential in Warnasari Village, Pangalengan District, and to formulate effective development strategies to establish Situ Cileunca as a premier tourist destination. The research approach employs a descriptive qualitative using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), field observations, interviews, and document studies. SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) is used to formulate strategies for developing Situ Cileunca as a tourist destination. The results indicate that Situ Cileunca possesses attractive natural and cultural potential, supported by strong community engagement. However, challenges remain in infrastructure, lack of promotional strategies, and tourism management. Based on these findings, this research proposes development strategies for Situ Cileunca as a tourist destination, including: (1) improvement of tourism infrastructure and facilities, (2) development of nature and culture-based tourist attractions, (3) empowerment of local communities in tourism management, (4) strengthening partnerships between the government, private sector, and communities, and (5) enhancement of tourism promotion through digital media. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi wisata di Desa Warnasari, Kecamatan Pangalengan, serta merumuskan strategi pengembangan yang efektif untuk menjadikan Situ Cileunca sebagai destinasi wisata unggulan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal), observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis SWOT (kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, ancaman) digunakan untuk merumuskan strategi pengembangan Situ Cileunca sebagai destinasi wisata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Situ Cileunca memiliki potensi alam dan budaya yang menarik serta dukungan masyarakat, tetapi masih menghadapi tantangan dalam segi infrastruktur, strategi promosi, serta pengelolaan manajemen sektor wisata. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini mengusulkan strategi pengembangan Situ Cileunca sebagai destinasi wisata meliputi: (1) peningkatan infrastruktur dan fasilitas wisata, (2) pengembangan atraksi wisata berbasis alam dan budaya, (3) pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal dalam pengelolaan wisata, (4) penguatan kemitraan antara pemerintah, swasta, dan masyarakat, serta (5) peningkatan promosi wisata melalui media digital.

Strengthening Indonesia's defense capability through AI-driven decision-making Djansena, Alradix; Supriyadi, Asep Adang; Kartiningsih, Yuli; Yusman, Faisal; Saleh, Basuki Rahmad
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v8i22025p361-377

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Fourth Industrial Revolution has redefined the dynamics of modern military systems, especially in areas such as strategic decision-making, threat anticipation, and cybersecurity. While global powers like the United States, China, and the European Union have institutionalized AI within their defense doctrines, Indonesia is still in the developmental phase. This is particularly concerning given the intensifying security landscape and digital threats requiring an agile and intelligent defense framework. This study applies a qualitative methodology by integrating document-based analysis with cross-country comparative evaluation. It investigates how AI has been embedded into the defense architectures of leading countries and assesses the relevance and adaptability of these strategies for Indonesia’s national security needs. AI technologies benefit defense systems, such as real-time decision support, automated logistics, and enhanced situational awareness through machine learning algorithms. Nonetheless, several challenges remain, including ethical issues, algorithmic bias, cyber vulnerabilities, Indonesia’s limited digital infrastructure, and AI-specialized human capital. The U.S. emphasizes explainable AI (XAI) and operational integrity, China focuses on rapid militarization of AI, while the EU promotes regulation, ethics, and collaborative defense. Indonesia must accelerate the transformation of its defense policies by cultivating a national AI ecosystem, reinforcing its cybersecurity architecture, ensuring transparent and ethical governance, and prioritizing capacity building for AI professionals. A synergistic collaboration among the government, academic institutions, and defense industries is crucial to align AI deployment with Indonesia’s national security goals. This research introduces a conceptual framework for AI policy reform tailored to Indonesia's geopolitical and technological context, offering an integrated model for ethical, scalable, and strategic AI implementation in the defense sector.

Pengembangan blue economy melalui branding inovasi kuliner hasil laut di Pantai Konang Kabupaten Trenggalek Sumarmi, Sumarmi; Windayu, Cinde Ririh; Supriyanto, Agung; Arif, Mohamad; Rachmadian, Robby Hilmi; Ismail, Alice Sabrina
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v8i22025p398-406

Developing the blue economy through seafood culinary innovation branding at Konang Beach, Trenggalek Regency One of the beaches with significant potential in Trenggalek Regency is Konang Beach, particularly its marine resources in the form of fish. The local fishing community practices a form of indigenous knowledge known as jaring seret (beach-seine netting). However, Konang Beach’s processed fish products are not yet widely known as culinary specialties or souvenirs associated with coastal tourism in Trenggalek Regency. This community service program aims to develop the Blue Economy by branding innovations in seafood-based cuisine to promote Konang Beach in Nglebeng Village, Trenggalek Regency. The method used involves identifying Konang Beach’s marine resource potential, which is then developed into culinary and souvenir products marketed to visitors. Visual data; photos and videos of seafood culinary products; are showcased virtually through an interactive web platform on Marine-Based Culinary Innovation, facilitating broader promotion to the general public. The results indicate that Konang Beach tourism managers and the Nglebeng Village apparatus have improved their capacity in managing and promoting Blue Economy tourism through the branding of innovative seafood-based culinary products. Salah satu pantai yang memiliki potensi besar di Kabupaten Trenggalek adalah Pantai Konang terutama potensi hasil laut berupa ikan. Masyarakat nelayan mempunyai kearifan lokal yaitu jaring seret. Hasil olahan ikan yang dimiliki Pantai Konang tersebut belum begitu popular atau terkenal sebagai kuliner dan oleh-oleh wisata pantai di Kabupaten Trenggalek. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini yaitu mengembangkan blue economy melalui branding inovasi kuliner hasil laut untuk mempromosikan Pantai Konang di Desa Nglebeng Kabupaten Trenggalek. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut yaitu mengidentifikasi potensi hasil laut yang dimiliki Pantai Konang. Potensi-potensi tersebut diolah menjadi produk kuliner dan suvenir yang dipasarkan kepada wisatawan. Data visual berupa foto dan video produk kuliner hasil laut disajikan secara virtual melalui platform web interaktif Inovasi Kuliner Hasil Laut. Hal ini akan memudahkan promosi karena dapat menjangkau khalayak umum secara luas. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa pengelola wisata Pantai Konang dan perangkat Desa Nglebeng memiliki kemampuan meningkat dalam manajemen pengelolaan dan promosi wisata blue economi melalui branding inovasi kuliner hasil laut.

Strategi manajemen krisis ITB atas isu pinjaman online di akun @ITBfess (X) Shadrina, Alyani Nur; Priyatna, Centurion Chandratama; Yustikasari, Yustikasari
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v8i22025p407-414

ITB’s crisis management strategy regarding the online loan issue on @ITBfess (X) The crisis experienced by ITB due to content of pinjaman online (pinjol) on the menfess social media account x @itbfess, in January 2024, has affected various aspects of education and public communication. Public dissatisfaction with the university's response, which was deemed non-transparent, triggered a crisis of trust and social protests. This study aims to analyze the crisis management strategy of the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) in maintaining the company's reputation during the crisis. The method used is a qualitative descriptive case study approach. Data were collected through interviews with two key informants and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The results show that ITB applies a combination of Situational Crisis Communication (SCCT) and Image Restoration Theory (IRT) in each phase of the crisis (pre-crisis, crisis, and post-crisis). Direct response strategies and solution provision are part of the effort to maintain public trust. These findings provide a theoretical contribution to the literature on vulnerable crisis management and demonstrate the importance of responsive and contextual communication in reputation mitigation. Krisis yang dialami ITB akibat akibat konten pinjaman online (pinjol) pada akun menfess sosial media x @itbfess, pada Januari 2024, telah mempengaruhi berbagai aspek pendidikan dan komunikasi masyarakat. Ketidakpuasan publik terhadap respons universitas yang dinilai tidak transparan memicu krisis kepercayaan dan protes sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi manajemen krisis Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) dalam menjaga reputasi perusahaan selama amsa krisis tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan dua informan kunci dan dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ITB menerapkan kombinasi teori Situational Crisis Communication (SCCT) dan Image Restoration Theory (IRT) pada tiap fase krisis (pra-krisis, krisis, pasca-krisis). Strategi respons langsung,serta pemberian solusi merupakan bagian dari upaya untuk mempertahankan kepercayaan publik. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi teoritis terhadap literatur manajemen krisis yang rentan dan menunjukkan pentingnya komunikasi responsif dan kontekstual dalam mitigasi reputasi.

COMBINED EFFECT OF GENDER AND INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES ON LEARNERS’ ACADEMIC ATTAINMENT IN LITERARY APPRECIATION Assimonye, Augusta Chiedu
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v7i2p308-313

The study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design involving intact classes assigned to experimental and control groups. Conducted in Anambra State, Nigeria, the study focused on improving Literature-in-English achievement among SSII students using the Reciprocal Peer Tutoring (RPT) strategy compared to the conventional method. A sample of 65 students (43 females, 22 males) was drawn from two co-educational schools. Data were collected using the validated and reliable 20-item Literature-in-English Achievement and Retention Test (LART). Trained teachers administered pretests, six-week lessons, posttests, and retention tests. Data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, and ANCOVA at a 0.05 significance level. The results in Table (1) show that male students had pretest and posttest mean scores of (51.44) and (52.81) with standard deviations of (9.33) and (10.39), while female students had (50.65) and (51.47) with standard deviations of (9.68) and (10.22). The mean gain for males was (1.37) compared to females’ (0.82), indicating slightly better performance for males under the conventional method. Table (2) shows an ANCOVA result with F(1,63) = (3.564), p = (0.114) > 0.05, confirming no significant interaction effect between gender and teaching method on students’ achievement in literary appreciation. Gender did not influence posttest performance. The study concluded that the RPT strategy enhances students’ performance regardless of gender. It recommended that teachers adopt learner-centered strategies such as RPT to improve engagement and achievement in literary appreciation.

Perang total dan mobilisasi sumber daya nasional dalam Perang Dunia II: Pembelajaran strategis bagi ketahanan nasional Indonesia Widjayanto, Joni; Susetyo, Eko; Ghazalie, Ghazalie; Leonardo, Vande
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v8i22025p441-451

Total war and the mobilization of national resources during World War II: Strategic insights for Indonesia’s national resilience This study highlights the importance of transforming Indonesia's national resilience in the face of contemporary threats such as cyberattacks, disinformation, ecological disasters, and geopolitical dynamics. Employing a qualitative approach with an intrinsic case study design, data were collected through policy analysis, interviews, and participatory observation. The findings reveal institutional fragmentation, weak intersectoral coordination, limited public participation, and threat literacy. The study proposes a conceptual model of national resilience comprising five dimensions: institutional structure, sectoral integration, adaptive capacity, public awareness, and geopolitical orientation. It emphasizes that without synergy among these elements, the resilience system remains vulnerable. Therefore, a new paradigm is needed more adaptive and participatory focusing on institutional reform, community empowerment, and a sharper geopolitical strategy in the Indo-Pacific region. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya transformasi ketahanan nasional Indonesia dalam menghadapi ancaman kontemporer seperti serangan siber, disinformasi, bencana ekologis, dan dinamika geopolitik. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus intrinsik, data dikumpulkan melalui analisis kebijakan, wawancara, dan observasi partisipatif. Hasil menunjukkan adanya fragmentasi kelembagaan, lemahnya koordinasi antar sektor, serta minimnya partisipasi masyarakat dan literasi ancaman. Studi ini mengembangkan model konseptual ketahanan nasional yang terdiri atas lima dimensi: struktur kelembagaan, integrasi sektor, kapasitas adaptif, kesadaran masyarakat, dan orientasi geopolitik. Ditekankan bahwa tanpa sinergi antar elemen tersebut, sistem ketahanan akan tetap rentan. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan paradigma baru yang lebih adaptif dan partisipatif, dengan fokus pada reformasi institusional, penguatan peran masyarakat, dan strategi geopolitik yang lebih tajam di kawasan Indo-Pasifik.

National defense and public policy in border governance: A strategic security perspective Suadnyana, I Nyoman; Supriyadi, Asep Adang; Irwanto, Bambang; Aritonang, Sovian; Ghazalie, Ghazalie
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v8i22025p461-474

Indonesia’s border areas play a vital role in safeguarding national sovereignty and stability, particularly in facing cross-border security challenges such as smuggling, human trafficking, piracy, and overlapping territorial claims. This research aims to analyze national security strategies in border area management through a public policy approach. Using a descriptive qualitative method based on literature review, the study explores various strategies including military strengthening, defense diplomacy, the use of advanced technologies such as satellites, drones, and artificial intelligence, as well as the integration of economic and social policies in border regions. The findings reveal that effective border management requires a multidimensional approach involving synergy between the defense sector, local governments, civil society, and international cooperation. Investment in surveillance infrastructure, institutional reform, and the development of border economic zones are essential to build a resilient and sustainable security system. This study recommends a collaborative, strategically adaptive policy framework that responds to global geopolitical dynamics to protect Indonesia’s sovereignty and promote the welfare of communities in border areas.

Analysis of the need to create a model of Muara Takus Temple using the green history approach as a medium for learning history Rizki Ananda Hasibuan; Yanuar Al-fiqri; Bunari, Bunari; Yuliantoro, Yuliantoro
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v9i12026p18-33

This study aims to conduct a needs analysis for developing a Muara Takus Temple model based on the Green History approach as an innovative medium for history learning. The research employed a qualitative descriptive design with a case study approach conducted at SMAN 12 Pekanbaru. Participants consisted of 1 history teacher and 32 eleventh-grade students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation analysis, and were analyzed using an interactive model involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through triangulation of sources and techniques. The findings reveal three main results. First, existing history learning practices are still dominated by lecture-based methods with limited use of interactive media, resulting in low student engagement and superficial understanding of local historical content. Second, both teachers and students expressed a strong need for visual, contextual, and environmentally oriented learning media, particularly for complex historical topics such as Muara Takus Temple. Third, the proposed model made from recycled materials has the potential to enhance students’ conceptual understanding, learning motivation, and environmental awareness, although challenges related to technical production and teacher readiness remain significant. This study concludes that the development of a Green History–based temple model is pedagogically relevant and urgently needed, as it integrates historical understanding with sustainability values. The study recommends systematic development, teacher training, and institutional support to ensure effective and sustainable implementation in history learning.

Pengaruh kepemimpinan transaksional, disiplin kerja, dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada BBPJN Jatim-Bali Wilayah III Firdausi, Fitri; Suroso, Adi; Sedyastuti, Kristina
Jurnal Praksis dan Dedikasi Sosial Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um022v9i12026p61-68

The influence of transactional leadership, work discipline, and work motivation on employee performance at BBPJN East Java–Bali Region III In the context of bureaucratic transformation and increasing demands for public sector accountability, improving employee performance has become a strategic issue, particularly within project-based infrastructure technical organizations. This study aims to analyze the influence of transactional leadership, work discipline, and work motivation on employee performance at the National Road Implementation Agency (BBPJN) East Java–Bali Region III. The study employed a quantitative approach with a causal associative design. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression and bootstrapping techniques to address potential violations of classical assumptions. The study population consisted of 59 permanent employees in the PPK 3.6 units, all of whom were selected as respondents through total sampling. The results indicate that, simultaneously, the independent variables significantly affect employee performance, with F (3,55) = 63.527; p < 0.001; and Adjusted R² = 0.764. Partially, only work motivation has a positive and significant effect, while transactional leadership and work discipline show no significant effect. The novelty of this study lies in testing the transactional leadership model within the context of a government infrastructure project-based technical organization characterized by experienced human resources and a structured work system. The findings reveal that intrinsic motivation is the dominant factor in improving employee performance. The implications of this study emphasize that strengthening work motivation should become a priority in human resource management strategies. In addition, leadership approaches and work discipline policies need to be adjusted to the characteristics of technical organizations to enhance employee performance effectively. Dalam konteks transformasi birokrasi dan tuntutan akuntabilitas sektor publik, peningkatan kinerja aparatur menjadi isu strategis, khususnya pada organisasi teknis berbasis proyek infrastruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kepemimpinan transaksional, disiplin kerja, dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Balai Besar Pelaksana Jalan Nasional (BBPJN) Jatim-Bali Wilayah III. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain asosiatif kausal. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi linear berganda dan bootstrapping untuk mengatasi potensi pelanggaran asumsi klasik. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 59 pegawai tetap pada unit PPK 3.6 yang seluruhnya dijadikan responden melalui total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan nilai F(3,55) = 63,527; p < 0,001; dan Adjusted R² = 0,764. Secara parsial, hanya motivasi kerja yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, sedangkan kepemimpinan transaksional dan disiplin kerja tidak signifikan. Novelty penelitian ini terletak pada pengujian model kepemimpinan transaksional dalam konteks organisasi teknis berbasis proyek infrastruktur pemerintah dengan karakteristik SDM berpengalaman dan sistem kerja terstruktur. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa motivasi intrinsik merupakan faktor dominan peningkatan kinerja pegawai. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan penguatan motivasi kerja menjadi prioritas strategi manajemen SDM. Selain itu, pendekatan kepemimpinan dan disiplin kerja perlu disesuaikan dengan karakteristik organisasi teknis demi efektivitas peningkatan kinerja pegawai.

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Betty Masruroh

Contact Email
jpds.journal@um.ac.id

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+6285733562345

Journal Mail Official
jpds.journal@um.ac.id

Editorial Address
Semarang St. No 5, Malang, Indonesia

Location
Kota malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Betty Masruroh

Contact Email jpds.journal@um.ac.id

Phone +6285733562345

Journal Mail Official jpds.journal@um.ac.id

Editorial Address Semarang St. No 5, Malang, Indonesia

Location Kota malang, Jawa timur INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Betty Masruroh

Contact Email
jpds.journal@um.ac.id

Phone
+6285733562345

Journal Mail Official
jpds.journal@um.ac.id

Editorial Address
Semarang St. No 5, Malang, Indonesia

Location
Kota malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA