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Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 24072354     EISSN : 24770612     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/psr
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Aims Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR), an international, peer-reviewed, open access, and official journal from Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, aims to disseminate research results and findings in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices. Major area of interest is natural products in drug discovery and development. We also consider other areas related to pharmaceutical sciences and practices. PSR publishes content in English language to promote the sharing of knowledge to international scholars. PSR publish 5 types of articles: 1. Original article 2. Case report 3. Case series 4. Review article 5. Mini review article Scope Researches in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices which are covered by PSR are within these subject areas: - Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Pharmaceutical Technology - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Clinical Pharmacy - Pharmacology-Toxicology - Social and Administrative Pharmacy, including Pharmacoeconomy
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Articles 355 Documents
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Pengaruh Penggunaan Antikolinergik Terhadap Gangguan Fungsi Kognitif Pada Pasien Geriatri di Lombok Tengah, Indonesia Lupitaningrum, Dita Marina; Rahmawati, Fita
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 6, No. 1
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Geriatrics are more susceptible to the unwanted effects of drugs, such as potential cognitive impairment effects of anticholinergic drugs. This study aims to determine the effect of anticholinergic drug use on cognitive reduction in Central Lombok geriatric patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted by tracing a medical history and interview result using a Six-item Cognitive Impairment Tests (6-CIT) questionnaire to measure cognitive function. The sample size was 503 geriatric patients with 213 patients as users and 290 patients as non-users. Anticholinergic loads were determined in each patient using Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS). The data of the study were analyzed using Chi-square to see the effect of anticholinergic drug use on cognitive function reduction. A total of 168 patients (78.9%) used a single anticholinergic drug. Most of anticholinergic used were level 1 (95.8%). Patients who had a total anticholinergic load of 1 were 156 people (73.2%). In the user group, 191 patients (38%) experienced cognitive reduction. The most common disease experienced by drug user was circulatory system disease (50.9%) and the most widely used drug was furosemide (45.4%). Chi-square analysis showed that anticholinergic drug had significant effect on geriatrics impairment of cognitive function (OR 2.361; CI95% 1.399-3.983; P=0.002). The use of anticholinergic drugs had an effect on cognitive reduction in geriatric patient.
The Effectivity of Losartan Tablet for Decreasing Fibrotic Tissue Formation in Gastrocnemius Muscle Injury Grade I of Rabbits Priono, Boby Harul; Rasyid, Hermawan; Ismiarto, Yoyos; Ramdan, Ahmad
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 6, No. 1
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Muscle injuries among athletes require a complete recovery to be able to function optimally as before. However, in spite of implementing the management with PRICE (Protection, Rest, Immobilization, Compression and Elevation), during the recovery processes, fibrotic tissue will be formed, which is an unwanted non-functional muscle. Losartan is a blood pressure-lowering drug which has the inhibitory effect of inhibitory effect of TGF-? cytokines (fibrotic tissue regulators). TGF-? is the key to fibrotic formation and differentiation. Losartan has an effect on decreasing the TGF-? production and it may affect the fibrotic tissue. This research is conducted by an experimental comparative method on the rabbit as study objects. Based on Federer formula sampling, twenty samples totally occurred. The random sampling method is adopted for comparing fibrotic tissue in two different groups (control group and losartan group). Losartan is administered orally. There were significant differences in the proportion of fibrotic tissue between the sample groups. The losartan group showed that the level of fibrotic intensity, distribution, and H-score was decreased compared to the control group. Moreover, the result of Mann Whitney statistic test, for determining the H-score for both groups, showed that p is less than 0.05 (p<0.05), which implies that this research is statistically significant. This research proves that giving Losartan tablets brings a significant impact in reducing the formation of muscle fibrosis in muscle injury grade 1 in gastrocnemius rabbits.
Formulasi Sediaan Losio Ekstrak Etanol Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) Sebagai Penumbuh Rambut Terhadap Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar Luliana, Sri; Desnita, Rise; Sehro,
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 6, No. 1
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Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) is a plant used to promote hair growth. In this research, ethanolic extract of P.niruri was formulated into lotion because it was more evenly distributed and non sticky in use compared to cream and gel. The aims of this research is to determine the hair growth activity of the ethanolic extract of P.niruri and the effect of using menthol 1% as an enhancer in lotion formulation. In this research two formula were being tested where Formula I (F1) without menthol 1% and Formula II (F2) with menthol 1%. The 5% of extract was being used in the formulation. The lotion was applied to the rats skin and the hair length was measured on day 7, 14 and 21, while the hair weight was measured on day 21. The results showed that the average hair length on F2 (12.68 3.13 mm) was longer than the F1 (11.21 2.58 mm) although there was no significant difference between both formulas. The average hair weight on F2 (23.00 10.74 mg) was greater that the F1 which was only 15.83 6.11 mg. Both formulas have a longer hair growth activity compared to normal controls (10.74 0.86 mm). It can be concluded that the lotion of ethanolic extract of P. niruri could promote hair growth in white wistar rats and the addition of 1% menthol as an enhancer gave better hair growth activity in F2 group.
Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) dengan Metode Difusi Cakram Octaviani, Melzi; Fadhli, Haiyul; Yuneistya, Erenda
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 6, No. 1
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Shallots (Allium cepa L.) are generally used as cooking ingredients by the community. The part of the shallot widely used is only a part of the tuber, while the outer shell of the shallot is thrown away because it is only considered as wastes. Based on phytochemical screening results, extract of shallot peels contains phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids that can inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The purpose of this research is to know the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of shallot peels against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram positive bacteria, Salmonella thypi and Eschericia coli as Gram negative bacteria and also antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The study was performed using disc diffusion method with the variation of concentration of ethanol extract of the peels of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125% and 1.5625% w/v, respectively, the positive control of chloramphenicol for bacteria, the positive control of nystatin for fungi and the negative control of DMSO. The diameter of the inhibition zone formed on the activity assay of ethanol extract of the shallot peels against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella thypi and Eschericia coli at the concentration of 50% was 11.75 mm, 16.03 mm, 9.42 mm and 7.77 mm, respectively. The inhibition zone formed on the activity assay of ethanol extract of the shallot peels against Trichophyton mentagrophytes at the concentration of 50% was 18.53 mm. As conclusion, ethanol extract of the shallot peels could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella thypi, Escherichia coli and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Antioxidant and Elastase Inhibitor Potential of Petals and Receptacle of Rose Flower (Rosa damascena) Mawarni, Evi; Ginting, Chrismis Novalinda; Chiuman, Linda; Girsang, Ermi; Handayani, Rr. Anisa Siwianti; Widowati, Wahyu
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 2
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Abstract

Free radicals can cause damage to cells or tissues, autoimmune diseases, degenerative diseases, or cancer. Therefore, the body needs important substances, namely antioxidants that can help protect the body by reducing negative effect from free radicals. Rose flower (Rosa damascena) has anthocyanin pigment which belongs to flavonoid group which has a function as antioxidant or free radical scavenger. This study aims to determine antioxidant and anti-elastase potentials of rose petals and receptacles. The method used in this study was a qualitative phytochemical test to determine the compounds contained in the Rose Petal Extract (RPE) and Rose Receptacle Extract (RRE), ABTS ((2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid))-reducing assay to determine antioxidant activity, and antiaging test with anti-elastase assay. RPE and RRE contained flavonoids, phenols, tannins and alkaloids, but did not contain saponins. RPE contained triterpenoids and terpenoids, while RRE contained steroids, but did not contain terpenoids. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the ABTS reducing assay were 4.46 ± 0.34 μg/mL (RPE) and 15.49 ± 0.23 μg/mL (RRE), while the results of the anti-elastase assay were 17.51 ± 1.47 μg/mL (RPE) and 58.91 ± 2.31 μg/mL (RRE). Both RPE and RRE are potent antioxidant and anti-elastase, and RPE is more active than RRE in these assays.
Antifungal Activity of Polyscias scutellaria Fosberg Leaves Against Candida albicans Marcha Putri, Nada; Regita Putri, Jasmine; Elya, Berna; Adawiyah, Robiatul
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 3
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Polyscias scutellaria Fosberg is one of the indigenous plants from Indonesia that widely used as folk medicines for several illnesses. The leaves of P. scutellaria were previously studied as an antimicrobial agent. Nonetheless, this theory of antifungal activity has never been scientifically verified. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of P. scutellaria against Candida albicans. The leaves of P. scutellaria were macerated using an ethanol solvent. Then, the extract was evaporated and dissolved by 1% DMSO into different concentrations (100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, 400 μg/mL, 800 μg/mL, 1600 μg/mL, 3200 μg/mL, and 6400 μg/mL). Fluconazole, as a common antifungal treatment, was used as the positive control. The antifungal activity of P. sculletaria against Candida albicans was tested using well dilution and diffusion disc methods. Ethanol extract of P. scutellaria leaves showed antifungal activities against Candida albicans. It showed the minimum inhibitory concentration of above 6400 μg/mL and formed the inhibitory zone against Candida albicans. As a conclusion, ethanol extract of P. scutellaria has the potential to be used as an antifungal agent against Candida albicans.
Identification and Evaluation of Antibacterial Compounds from the Vibrio sp. associated with the Ascidian Pycnoclavella diminuta Dermawan, Abdurraafi’ Maududi; Julianti, Elin; Putra, Masteria Yunovilsa
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 6, No. 3
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This study aims to obtain secondary metabolites that have antibacterial activity from bacteria endophytic of ascidian Pycnoclavella diminuta collected from the coast of Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research was started with screening antibacterial activity of six bacteria isolated from P. diminuta. The active bacteria were selected for identification using standard biological molecular method and further fermentation to produce secondary metabolites. The isolation of secondary metabolites was conducted by various chromatography method and then selected fraction was based on the antibacterial activity from bioautography results. The result showed that the active isolate by coding M2.Tnk.Bt 5.10-3.2 was identified as Vibrio sp. The potential active fraction was further sub-fractionated by HPLC semi-preparative and each of these sub-fractions was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Eschericia coli, and Vibrio cholerae. The test results showed that all 17 sub-fractions were active against Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and B. cereus, and only one sub-fraction (SFr 2) showed antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. Whereas in Gram-negative bacteria, 2 sub-fractions (SFr 12 and SFr 13) showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and 12 sub-fractions active against V. cholerae. GC-MS analysis of the SFr 2 sub-fraction showed the presence of fifteen phytochemical constituents with a major compound Pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3- (2 methylpropyl).
Characterization of Secondary Metabolites Profile of Flavonoid from Salam Leaves (Eugenia polyantha) Using TLC and UVSpectrophotometry Syarifah, Anisa Lailatusy; Retnowati, Rurini; Soebiantoro,
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 6, No. 3
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The flavonoids derived from Eugenia polyantha leaves were characterized by rapid and low cost approach. The aim of this research is to characterize secondary metabolite profile of flavonoids in the n-butanol fraction of E. polyantha using thin layer chromatography and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The n-butanol fraction was separated by using silica gel 60 GF254 as the stationary phase; chloroform: ethanol: glacial acetic acid (9.4: 0.5: 0.1) as the mobile phase; and visualized by using UV light 366 nm. Five isolates were obtained from the separation, but there were only three isolates (Rf 0.26; 0.44; 0.77) respectively identified as flavonoid compounds. The characterization of the isolates by UV-Vis spectrophotometry showing that the ranges of λmax were 250-280 nm (band II) and 310-360 nm (band I), which indicate the existence of flavone compounds. Further characterization of the three isolate using the AlCl3 5%/HCl 6 M solution showed that the λmax shifted from band I to the higher wavelength (bathochromic). The λmax shift indicated the existences of ketone at C-4, hydroxyl group at C-5, and orthodihydroxyl at ring B. According to the maximum wavelength, the result of the characterization showed that the flavonoid compounds of the n-butanol were 5,3’,4’-trihydroxyflavone3-C-glycoside or 5,4’,5’-trihydroxyflavone-3-C-glycoside; 5,6,3’,4’-tetrahydroxyflavone or 5,6,4’,5’-tetrahydroxyflavone; and 5,3’,4’-trihydroxyflavone or 5,4’,5’-trihydroxyflavone.
Pengujian Mutu Sediaan Kapsul Minyak Hati Ikan Cucut Botol Dalam Beberapa Produk yang Beredar di Pasaran Wijaya, Triyadi Hendra; Kartawinata, Tutus Gusdinar; Nugrahani, Ilma
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 6, No. 3
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National standard agency of Indonesia has set the quality standard of shark liver oil through the Indonesian national standard which consists of sensory test, moisture content, free fatty acid as well as squalene concentration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate quality of shark liver oil capsule on market. As many as 6 samples were tested for the quality in accordance to SNI through organoleptic test (< 7), moisture content (max 0.3%), free fatty acid content (max 1.5%) and squalene concentration (min 70%). The results showed that the level of squalene in all samples do not meet the standard requirement, however all samples meet the free fatty acid content requirements. One sample does not fit the standard criteria in the term of organoleptic test and moisture content.
Evaluation of Category I of Anti-tuberculosis Therapy in Intensive Phase Pulmonary TB by Conversion of Acid-Fast Bacilli Sputum Putra, Oki Nugraha; Damayanti, Amitasari; Nurrahman, Nani Wijayanti Dyah; Devi, Tsania; Aluf, Wildatul
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 6, No. 3
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Acid fast bacilli (AFB) sputum microscopy is used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) and to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis drugs in TB eradication program. The AFB sputum microscopy should be performed before treatment, two months after intensive phase and four months after advance phase treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sputum conversion rate of AFB in pulmonary TB patients who received category I of antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs. Evaluation of sputum conversion was perfomed before initation of anti TB drugs and at the end of the intensive phase. This cohort prospective study was done from February to May, 2018. Nine pulmonary TB patients fulfilled the criteria during the study. This AFB sputum microscopy was evaluated by using Ziehl Neelsen and read by means of International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) scale. Nine sputum smear positive were followed for two months. After two months (end of the intensive phase), the smear conversion rate was 100%. All patients received standard dose of anti-TB drugs in fix dose combination (FDC). It can be concluded that the sputum conversion of AFP in pulmonary TB patients who received category I of anti-TB was success at the second month of intensive phase.

Page 16 of 36 | Total Record : 355

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