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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 940 Documents
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Tea Polyphenol-Assisted Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle-Boron-Doped Diamond Nanoparticles for Theophylline Electrochemical Detection Jiwanti, Prastika Krisma; Tsalsabilla, Adira Ainun; Gunawan, Angellita Wijaya; Wafiroh, Siti; Kalimanjaro, Mohammad; Tomisaki, Mai
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 30, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Drug theophylline is a bronchodilator used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but precise monitoring is required to avoid side effects. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with a composite of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles and boron-doped diamond nanoparticles using tea polyphenols (Ag-BDDTP/SPE) for detecting theophylline. Formation of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, which showed a localized surface plasmon resonance peak at ~450 nm. Transmission electron microscopy revealed polydisperse nanoparticles with an average diameter of 39.94 nm. During the electrochemical detection of theophylline, square-wave voltammetry (SWV) was employed to evaluate signal-to-background (S/B) ratio, linearity, detection limits, selectivity, reproducibility, and recovery. The Ag-BDDTP/SPE electrode had an S/B value of 2.93, higher than BDDTP/SPE (1.65) and bare SPE (1.54). The detection and quantification limits were 1.043 and 3.478 μM, respectively, with a linear range of 30–100 μM. Selectivity tests confirmed tolerance against potential interferents, including D-glucose, ammonium sulfate, and urea. Precision analysis yielded a %RSD value of 0.92%. Accuracy testing with artificial urine showed good recovery values of 101.65% for Ag-BDDTP/SPE and 90.36% for BDDTP/SPE. In conclusion, the Ag-BDDTP/SPE electrode demonstrated greater sensitivity and accuracy than unmodified electrodes, highlighting its potential for reliable theophylline monitoring in clinical applications.
Determination of Latitude and Longitude using Solar Radiation Simulation Idrees, Atif; Sadiq, Naeem; Hassan, Syed A.
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 30, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Solar radiation is an important energy source needed by the Earth and its inhabitants. Solar radiation is divided into three components: direct beam solar radiation (BSR), diffuse solar radiation (DSR), and global solar radiation (GSR). The solar flux received at different locations on Earth depends on geographic coordinates, particularly latitude and longitude, as well as the reference meridian used for solar time calculations. In this study, we developed a solar radiation simulator in a spreadsheet incorporating spin buttons. The simulator can simulate all three types of solar radiation. The spin buttons control and vary the values of latitude and longitude until the simulated values closely match the recorded values. Direct solar radiation measurements were obtained from the Pakistan Meteorological Department for validation, and the simulator successfully generated comparable results. This approach provides a practical and low-cost tool for researchers, educators, and practitioners to analyze solar radiation patterns and support solar energy planning.
In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Calcined Chicken Eggshell Powder as an Antibacterial Agent Against Staphylococcus aureus Kurniawan, Hadi; IH, Hariyanto; Nugraha, Fajar; Nurbaeti, Siti Nani; Fajriaty, Inarah; Kurniawan, Ardi; Difa, Ridho Maulana
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 30, No. 2
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Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a major Gram-positive pathogen that is increasingly resistant to antibiotics, significantly contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-related deaths. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the antibacterial activity of calcined chicken eggshell powder (CCEP), a waste-derived material rich in calcium compounds. CCEP was prepared by calcining eggshell powder at 900 °C for 3 hours. Its antibacterial potential was evaluated using in vitro assays, including agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution, as well as in silico molecular docking against penicillin-binding protein 4 (PBP4, PDB ID: 3HUM). The in vitro results showed that a 20% (w/v) CCEP solution in glycerol produced the largest inhibition zone, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 1,562.5 µg/mL, suggesting weak antibacterial activity, likely limited by poor solubility. The docking of calcium diglyceroxide from CCEP and glycerol produced a binding affinity of -5.9 kcal/mol, forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with PBP4 active site residues. Spearman correlation analysis showed a strong negative correlation (rs = -0.943, p < 0.001) between the docking affinities and inhibition zone diameters. These results suggest that CCEP exhibit antibacterial activity through both physicochemical and molecular-level mechanisms but require optimization to improve its solubility.
Phenomenological Dynamical Mean-Field Theory of Temperature-Dependent Optical Conductivity and Metal-Insulator Transition in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 Satiawati, Listiana; Cahaya, Adam Badra; Hasdeo, Eddwi Hesky; Majidi, Muhammad Aziz; Sulaksono, Anto; Rusydi, Andrivo
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 30, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

As an extension of our previous theoretical study, we perform temperature-dependent optical conductivity calculations on La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 over a wide photon-energy range up to ∼22 eV, aiming to capture the metal–insulator transition while preserving the general temperature-dependent profile at higher photon energies. The system is modeled with simple Mn–O coordination via the tight-binding method, where some hopping integrals are considered functions of magnetization. Upon incorporating the static Jahn–Teller effect with Coulomb–Hubbard and magnetic exchange interactions, with the exception of a quantitative difference in the calculated of  K versus the experimental value (260 K) and discrepancies in the mid-energy regime, the results reproduce the qualitative temperature-dependent optical conductivity trends, especially for the low- and high-energy regimes, as observed in the experimental data. This qualitative agreement is achieved by setting the magnetization-dependent hopping parameters for the Mn–O hopping parameters,  and , as , with  eV,  eV,  eV,  eV,  eV, and  eV. The results underscore the importance of correlation effects arising from the interplay of the lattice, charge, and magnetic degrees of freedom in determining the overall profile of the temperature-dependent optical response of manganite, connecting the physics of the high-energy optical response and the transport properties at the dc limit.
Performance of a Fertilizer Sludge Contaminated with Heavy Metals Collected from Two Wastewater Treatment Plants on (Lactuca Sativa) Belkhedim, Leila lila; Tahri, Yamina
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 30, No. 2
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Abstract

The improper management of sewage sludge poses a significant global risk to environmental and public health. In this study, the valorization of sludge as an organic fertilizer for lettuce cultivation was evaluated, offering a sustainable waste-to-resource solution. Sludge from two wastewater treatment plants (Mazouna and El Kerma) were collected between 2019 and 2021. Comprehensive physicochemical analysis was conducted to determine its nutrient value and contaminant levels. In addition, the efficacy and safety of the fertilizer were assessed by measuring lettuce growth and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in plant tissues. The analyzed sludge, with an organic matter content of 9.91%–83% and dry matter content of 31%–77%, is considered a suitable soil amendment to improve structure and water retention.  The levels of organic and metallic micro-pollutants were trace and below regulatory (AFNOR) thresholds.  Results showed that sludge application can enhance plant dry biomass in the leaves and roofs. Although sludge can increase plant’s uptake of heavy metals, leading to accumulation in aerial tissues, all concentrations remained within safe regulatory limits. These promising results advocate for the agricultural valorization of sewage sludge to improve yields. Integrating this practice into a circular bio-economy can reduce waste volume and mitigate environmental impact.
Multiplex PCR Assay to Distinguish Porcine and Non-Porcine Meats in Processed Foods using Specific Primers from NADH Dehydrogenase and ATP Synthase Gene Nugroho, Kristianto; Prihaningsih, Amalia; Terryana, Rerenstradika Tizar; Volkandari, Slamet Diah; Mastur, Mastur; Lestari, Puji
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 30, No. 2
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Abstract

Food safety issues, such as food adulteration between halal and non-halal meats, are among the most serious problems in Muslim countries like Indonesia. Food adulteration produces a mixture of products that cannot be detected visually by customers, and it could lead to several social and health problems. The availability of a detection method that can disti-nguish between porcine and non-porcine meats is very important, particularly one that can be utilized in small-scale labo-ratories. The aim of this study was to design and optimize species-specific primers that could distinguish between porcine and non-porcine meats in processed foods by utilizing NADH Dehydrogenase and ATP Synthase genes through simplex and multiplex PCR assays. The results showed that DNA from all processed meats including bovine, chicken, and porcine was effectively amplified using the NADH Dehydrogenase and ATP Synthase primers designed in this study. The amp-licon bands produced were clear, visible, and of the targeted size both in simplex and multiplex PCR assays compared to the primers from other studies. The limitation of this study was the presence of non-specific bands detected with bovine NADH Dehydrogenase and porcine ATP Synthase primers. However, the presence of non-specific bands could overall be tolerated since the main targeted band was still clearly visible. The presence of these primers is expected to potentially support halal food authentication efforts, particularly in small scale laboratories located in remote regions in Indonesia
LaFe0.925Ti0.075O3 Perovskite Coated with Ethyl Cellulose: A High-Stability, Low-Hysteresis Platform for Advanced Humidity Sensing Fataba Alaih, Akhmad Futukhillah; Triyono, Djoko; Rafsanjani, Rifqi Almusawi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 30, No. 2
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Humidity sensors are pivotal in numerous sectors, such as environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and health-care. This study presents the fabrication and detailed evaluation of an advanced humidity sensor using ethyl cellulose (EC)-coated LaFe0.925Ti0.075O3 (LFTO) perovskite nanoparticles synthesized via the sol-gel method. The LFTO nanopar-ticles exhibited a mesoporous structure with an enhanced surface area, which significantly improved their moisture adsorption capabilities. The innovative application of EC coating addresses critical substrate adhesion issues, enhancing mechanical stability without compromising sensor sensitivity. Comprehensive performance evaluations revealed minimal hysteresis (
Microplastic Analysis in Fish Larvae (Family: Gonostomatidae and Myctophidae) from the Banggai Sea, Indonesia Kholis, Noer; Ardito, Luqman Ilyas; Hakim, Luqmanul; Syahailatua, Augy; Atmadipoera, Agus Saleh; Zuraida, Rina; Tuan Anuar, Tuan Nurul Sabiqah; Patria, Mufti Petala
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 30, No. 2
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Microplastic pollution is recognized as a threat to marine ecosystems, yet its impacts on early life stages of mesopelagic fishes remain poorly understood. This study investigated the occurrence and characteristics of microplastic ingestion in fish larvae of the families Myctophidae and Gonostomatidae from the Banggai Sea, Indonesia. Morphometric measurements and microplastic content were analyzed in 40 larvae (20 per family). Gonostomatidae larvae, despite being smaller in total length, exhibited significantly larger mouth widths and ingested more microplastic particles (mean = 3.90 ± 0.72 particles) than Myctophidae (mean = 3.40 ± 0.38 particles). Correlation analysis showed no significant relationships between morphometric traits and microplastic abundance. Transparent and purple particles dominated ingestion profiles, while red and black particles were detected only in Myctophidae. Fiber-shaped particles composed predominantly of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were the most abundant in both taxa. Statistical analyses (Mann–Whitney U, chi-square, and correspondence analysis) revealed significant differences in particle color composition between families (χ² = 23.73, p = 0.001; Cramér’s V = 0.403) but not in particle shape. These findings highlight that species-specific traits may influence microplastic exposure during early developmental stages, providing new insights into pollution pathways affecting oceanic food webs in the Indo-Pacific deep-sea environment.
Ecological Patterns of Culture-Recoverable Entomopathogenic Fungi from the Maize Rhizosphere across Three Elevation Zones in West Java, Indonesia Rizkie, Lilian; Anggraeni, Tjandra; Aryantha, I Nyoman Pugeg; Susanto, Agus
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 30, No. 2
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Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are important components of soil ecosystems and may support sustainable pest management in agricultural systems. This study characterized culture-recoverable EPF in maize (Zea mays L.) rhizospheric soils collected from 45 points across three elevation zones in West Java, Indonesia, using a spatially nested sampling design. Fungi were isolated by insect baiting with Tenebrio molitor larvae and direct soil plating. The isolates recovered were assigned to genera based on colony morphology and microscopic characteristics. Four EPF genera— Verticillium, Paecilomyces, Beauveria, and Metarhizium—were detected, with 34/45 samples (75.6%) positive for at least one recoverable EPF. Recovery outcomes, genus richness, and assemblage composition varied among sampling locations. Jaccard-based principal coordinates analysis of EPF-positive samples indicated that compositional differentiation was more evident among locations sampled than broader elevation-zone groupings. Soil surface temperature and relative humidity were the environmental variables with the strongest fit within the ordination space, suggesting that local microclimatic conditions co-varied with culture-recoverable EPF assemblage patterns. Overall, this study provides a baseline ecological characterization of culture-recoverable, morphology-based EPF patterns in tropical maize rhizospheric soils.
In Silico and Toxicological Evaluation of Crescentia Cujete Aqueous Extract: Potential Anticancer Activity Against Breast Cancer Martha, Rahma Diyan; Fatimah, Fatimah; Wibowo, Syahputra; Kusuma Wardhani, Bantari Wisynu; Siregar, Josephine Elizabeth; Novita Coutrier, Elisabeth Farah; Fitrianita, Alfia; Pramono, Andri Pramesyanti; Nainggolan, Ita Margaretha; Nugraha, Yudhi; Danar, Danar; Abiyyu, Naufal; Unsunnidhal, Lalu; Khairullah, Aswin Rafif; Ansori, Arif Nur Muhammad; Parbuntari, Hesty; Widodo, Wimbuh Tri
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 30, No. 2
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Majapahit plant (Crescentia cujete), commonly found in Indonesia, has not been extensively explored for its medicinal properties. Given that many cancer treatments are derived from plants, this study aimed to examine the effects of plants on cancer chemical composition of the C. cujete fruit pulp extract, identify its primary compounds, and assess its potential as an antioxidant, anticancer agent, particularly for breast cancer. An insilico approach was used to evaluate the toxicity and interactions, of the compounds with cancer biomarker proteins, in addition to an in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) for BSLT, toxicity screening using six concentrations of the extract (100, 200, 300, 400, and 600 ppm). The extract was obtained by boiling the fruit pulp in distilled water. Compound analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identified approximately 110 compounds, with kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (3.29%) and hesperidin (3.19%) being the most abundant. Toxicity analysis using ProTox 3.0 revealed that kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside exhibited toxicity to the kidney, heart, and lungs, with probabilities of 0.68, 0.82, and 0.51, respectively. Hesperidin was toxic to the kidney and lungs, with probabilities of 0.76 and 0.66. Molecular docking studies with the X-ray spectrometer BRCA1 (P38398 - BRCA1_HUMAN) and BRCA2 (P51587–BRCA2_HUMAN) proteins showed that kaempferol-3- O-rhamnoside formed stable interactions with both proteins, with binding affinities of −7.0 kcal/mol for BRCA1 and -8.1 kcal/mol for BRCA2. Similarly, hesperidin demonstrated stable binding interactions with BRCA1 (binding affinity) of −7.7 kcal/mol) and BRCA2 (binding affinity of −9.0 kcal/mol). The LC50 value for the C. cujete fruit pulp extract was calculated as follows: determined to be 546 ppm (95% CI: 498.3–592.1 ppm), indicating that the extract is toxic and holds potential as an anticancer agent. While individual compounds exhibited organ-specific toxicity, the overall extract was nontoxic, suggesting its potential for further anticancer research. Future studies should focus on additional toxicity testing using cell cultures and mammalian models.

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