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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 23561971     EISSN : 2406856X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Computer Science & IT Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi Indonesia (IJPST) adalah publikasi ilmiah pada seluruh aspek Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi. Jurnal ini diterbitkan 3 kali setahun untuk menyediakan forum bagi apoteker, dan profesional kesehatan lainnya untuk berbagi praktik terbaik, meningkatkan jaringan kerja dan pendekatan yang lebih kolaboratif dalam Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi.
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Articles 494 Documents
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Effectiveness Test of Spray Gel Hand Sanitizer with Carbomer 940 as a Preventive Product in Emergency Conditions Sutiswa, Shandra Isasi; Aji, Nur; Yulia, Nunung
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i2.45186

Abstract

Hand sanitizer is known for its ability to kill germs quickly due to its alcohol content, making it more effective than washing hands with soap and water. However, excessive use of alcoholbased sanitizers can cause skin irritation and dryness. Alcohol is polar and volatile, leading to rapid skin dryness and reduced effectiveness. To address this, gelling agents like Carbomer 940 are added to spray gel formulations. Carbomer 940 offers high stability and low toxicity, thereby enhancing the gel’s antibacterial properties. This study aims to develop an innovative spray gel hand sanitizer using Carbomer 940. The research method used was a pure experiment, evaluating the % inhibition of microbial growth on agar media. Results showed that the spray gel with 0.05% Carbomer 940 had superior effectiveness, with 60.77% inhibition, compared to the control group using the WHO formula, which achieved 33.11%. Additionally, the spray gel had a pH of 6.5 ± 0.2, a viscosity of 135.10, and an average spray weight of 0.027 ± 0.000 g, demonstrating optimal physical quality. In conclusion, the spray gel hand sanitizer with 0.05% Carbomer 940 was more effective at inhibiting microbial growth than the WHO standard formula.
Nanoemulsion of Nagasari (Mesua ferrea L.) Leaf and Its Activity Against Staphylococus aureus Suhesti, Tuti Sri; Muslimah, Annisa
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i2.49866

Abstract

Nagasari leaves (Mesua ferrea L.) contain special chemicals to fight S. aureus. Nanoparticle technology can improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of the phytochemicals found in herbal medicines. The nanoemulsion produces small particle sizes. It has a large surface area. This research aims to determine the physical stability of Nagasari leaf ethanol extract nanoemulsion (EDN) with variations of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as the oil phase during storage and its activity. Nanoemulsions were produced using 1%, 2%, and 3% VCO concentrations. The physical properties and stability of the preparations were characterised. The nanoemulsion was tested for activity against S. aureus. Chloramphenicol was used as a positive control. The results showed that the nanoemulsion containing 1% VCO produced the best physical properties: a particle size of 23.137 ± 7.63 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.203 ± 0.013, and a zeta potential of -18.9 ± 0.086. A VCO concentration of 1% produces good nanoemulsion stability. The F1 nanoemulsion exhibited an average inhibition zone diameter of 16.75 mm (strong), the EDN provided an inhibition zone diameter of 8.70 mm (medium), and the positive control exhibited an inhibition zone diameter of 24.30 mm (very strong).
The Development of Nano-mist Spray Propolis as Antioxidant Suryaman, Ine Suharyani; Sulastri, Lela; Rizikiyan, Yayan; Wathoni, Nasrul; Suhandi, Cecep; Noviani, Lusy; Rahmasari, Yuni
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i2.52433

Abstract

Propolis is a lipid-based compound from honeybees composed of plant wax, resin, and pollen. Due to its poor water solubility, its application is limited to lipid-based formulations with low bioavailability. This study aimed to develop a water-based propolis nano-mist spray with improved dispersion and evaluate its antioxidant activity. The nano-mist formulation was prepared using soy lecithin and Tween 80 in a phosphate buffer base. Evaluations included organoleptic characteristics, pH, particle size, zeta potential, and antioxidant activity by DPPH method. The propolis extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. The resulting spray showed a light brown color, a pH of 6.87 ± 0.03, particle size of 272.13 ± 4.25 nm, and zeta potential of -0.433 ± 0.35 mV. Antioxidant testing revealed moderate activity with an IC₅₀ value of 83.63 ± 11.88 ppm. This study supports the potential of nano-mist spray as a promising delivery system for propolis with antioxidant properties suitable for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.
Urea Reduction Ratio for CKD Stage 5 Hemodialysis Patients at Dr Pirngadi Hospital Medan Dasopang, Eva Sartika; Hasanah, Fenny; Handayani, Salmah; Daya, Verawati L.; Thaharah, Yelda R.; Sandika, Thalita
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i2.50702

Abstract

Stage 5 CKD is a severe form of kidney disease with a GFR value of <15 mL/min/1.73 m2. Haemodialysis is a replacement therapy that removes metabolic waste, including urea. The text discusses a study conducted at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital in Medan City to compare pre- and post-urea values and URR (urea reduction ratio) in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing haemodialysis. The study used retrospective data from CKD stage 5 patients with complete medical records and pre- and post-urea laboratory results. The results of the study revealed that the haemodialysis process was effective, with a significant difference in pre- and post-urea values (p<0.05). The average pre-urea value was 114.29 mg/dL, while the average post-haemodialysis urea value was 37.85 mg/dL. The URR was found to be 67.46%. However, it was concluded that adequate haemodialysis in stage 5 CKD patients at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital had not reached 100%.
Antioxidant Activity of Extract Combination from Moringa oleifera Leaves and Garcinia mangostana L. Pericarp Hartanti, Yesiska Kristina; Lukas, Diksa T.; Hardy, Junius
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12 (2025): Vol. 12 Suppl. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i0.59284

Abstract

Radical-related diseases can be mitigated through natural antioxidant therapies that help regulate the formation and accumulation of free radicals. The pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. and the leaves of Moringa oleifera are well-known for their antioxidant properties due to their high level of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolics, and xanthones. This study aimed to explore the antioxidant capabilities of these two herbal extract combinations. Using the maceration method with 96% ethanol, the extraction yields were 11.4% w/w for M. oleifera and 24.11% w/w for G. mangostana. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed differences in secondary metabolites, particularly steroids and triterpenes, between the two extracts. The antioxidant activity was categorized based on EC50 values, with crude G. mangostana showing very strong activity (<50 µg/mL) and M. oleifera classified as strong (50–100 µg/mL). Combinations of the extracts (2–10 ppm) produced very strong antioxidant activity but showed reduced efficacy compared to G. mangostana alone, suggesting antagonistic interactions based on combination index (IC) calculation. This study emphasizes the need for multiple antioxidant assays to evaluate diverse mechanisms and recommends further research to optimize synergistic effects in herbal extract combinations.
Preliminary Study of Physical and Chemical Stability of Polyherbal Suspensions by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Nining, Nining; Nursal, Fith Khaira
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i2.45338

Abstract

Allicin, the main bioactive compound in garlic, contributes to its pharmacological effects. Monitoring the physical and chemical stability of herbal preparations is essential for ensuring product quality. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of a polyherbal suspension containing garlic, lemon, red ginger, honey, and apple cider vinegar. The suspension was assessed for physical properties (pH, viscosity, specific gravity, and particle dispersion) and chemical stability, focusing on thiosulfinate (TS) content. Measurements were taken over a period of five weeks under three different storage temperatures. TS levels were analyzed spectrophotometrically. The suspension had a specific gravity of 1.114 ± 0.002 g/mL and a pH of 3.74 ± 0.03. Both storage time and temperature significantly influenced pH, viscosity, and TS content (p<0.05), though all remained within acceptable pharmaceutical limits. TS degradation followed second-order kinetics. The polyherbal suspension demonstrated good physical stability over a five-week period. However, TS levels declined over time at all storage temperatures, indicating a trend toward reduced chemical stability.
Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Grapeseed Oil Formulation Using Tween 20 And Cremophor Rh40 As Surfactant Andjani, Nathania Humaira; Wahyudi S, Made Dwi Pradipta; Somatirta, I Gede; Anggraini, Jessica Sanchez
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i2.49526

Abstract

Grape seeds (Vitis vinivera) oil is not only known to have antioxidant activity, but also known to have solubility and bioavailability problems. One way that can be used to overcome this problem is to formulate it into a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). SNEDDS is a system that consists of oil phase and surfactants mixture that will form nanoemulsions when stirred in water. The aim of the study was to optimize the oil phase and surfactant mixture composition, since it has been known to affect the SNEDDS characteristics. SNEDDS grapeseed oil was made with a mixture of surfactant tween 20 and cremophor RH40 which was optimized using the simplex lattice design approach with Design Expert 13.0.10. This study provided that the SNEDDS optimum formula consists of 5.73% grapeseed oil, 10% cremophor RH40, and 84.26% tween 20. The system could be emulsified in 5.32 seconds, with a transmittance of 99.435%, a droplet size of 13.5 nm, a PDI of 0.476, and a zeta potential of -21.0mV. Based on the stability test results, the resulting system was observed to be stable against dilution, freeze thaw, and centrifugation, which make the system acceptable as SNEDDS.
Serum Wajah Antioksidan dari Minyak Biji Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Tanjung, Yenni Puspita; Akmal, Tubagus; Kawu, Irene T.
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12 (2025): Vol. 12 Suppl. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i0.58822

Abstract

Minyak biji sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) merupakan salah satu sumber antioksidan alami, sehingga sangat cocok untuk digunakan sebagai anti-penuaan dini pada formulasi kosmetik, salah satunya serum wajah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan minyak biji sacha inchi dalam bentuk sediaan serum wajah dan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidannya. Serum wajah dibuat tiga formula dengan variasi konsentrasi minyak biji sacha inchi F1 (3%), F2 (4%), dan F3 (5%). Evaluasi sediaan meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji viskositas, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, dan uji aktivitas antioksidan. Analisis data statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan Shapiro Wilk, One Way ANOVA, dan Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa F1, F2, dan F3 memenuhi persyaratan evaluasi organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, dan daya lekat. Aktivitas antioksidan minyak biji sacha inchi dan serum wajah minyak biji sacha inchi termasuk dalam kategori sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 <50 ppm. Hasil analisis data statistik pada sediaan serum wajah minyak biji sacha inchi menunjukkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi minyak biji sacha inchi berpengaruh signifikan (p<0.05) pada uji viskositas tetapi tidak berpengaruh signifikan (p>0.05) pada uji pH, uji daya lekat, maupun uji daya sebar.
Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Biocellulose Sheet Mask Loaded Mulberry (Morus alba) Root Essence as Antioxidant as Cosmetic Preparation Alishlah, Tanfidz; Ulfah, Evi Umayah
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i2.54728

Abstract

AbstractBiocellulose (BC), a natural polymer from bacteria fermentation, is one of the new delivery systems in cosmetic applications with its advantages such as biodegradability, compatibility, and high skin permeability. Due to their antioxidant activity, Mulberry (Morus alba) roots containing oxyresveratrol have the potential as an anti-aging agent. This research aims to know the formulation of BC sheet mask loaded Morus alba essence extracted with NADES-UAE method, physical evaluation, and antioxidant activity. Morus alba root extract was formulated into three formulas of essence preparation with different concentrations of gel base CMC Na (0.5; 1; 1.5%) and evaluated based on their physical properties. BC sheet mask produced from Acetobacter xylinum was formulated with different concentrations of sucrose, acetic acid glacial, and ammonium sulfate. The best BC formula was loaded with essence and physically evaluated. Antioxidant activity was tested in vitro using the DPPH method. The results showed that BC formulated as a facial sheet mask had good physical properties: thickness of 0.51-1.48 mm, water hold capacity of 64.77%, pH of 7.19, and swelling capacity of 168%. Morus alba essence formula of F2 provides the best physical evaluation: viscosity 800 mPas, pH 6.45, spreadability 7.4 cm, and good homogeneity. The essence also showed no physical changes on stability testing. Antioxidant activity testing of Morus alba roots extract and essence formulation shows the inhibition of free radicals. BC-loaded Morus alba roots essence extracted NADES method can be applied as an antioxidant agent for promising cosmetics in the future. Key words: antioxidant, biocellulose, Morus alba, NADES-UAE, sheet mask Formulasi dan Evaluasi Fisik Sheet Mask Bioselulosa Mengandung Essence Mulberry (Morus alba) sebagai Kosmetika Antioksidan AbstrakBioselulosa adalah polimer alam yang didapatkan dari fermentasi bakteri merupakan teknologi penghantaran kosmetik baru untuk sheet mask. Sheet Mask bioselulosa lebih ramah lingkungan, kompatibel dan memiliki permeabilitas yang baik pada kulit. Akar Morus alba telah diteliti mengandung senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan menjadi kandidat bahan aktif alami dalam suatu sediaan kosmetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi dan evaluasi fisik sheet mask bioselulosa yang mengandung essence ekstrak Morus alba, serta aktivitas antioksidannya. Serbuk akar Morus alba yang diekstraksi dengan metode NADES-UAE diformulasikan menjadi tiga formula sediaan essence dengan konsentrasi basis gel CMC Na yang berbeda (0,5; 1; 1,5%). Sheet mask bioselulosa yang dihasilkan dari Acetobacter xylinum diformulasikan dengan konsentrasi sukrosa, asam asetat glasial, dan amonium sulfat yang berbeda dan dilakukan evaluasi fisik. Aktivitas antioksidan sediaan diuji secara in vitro menggunakan metode DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sheet mask bioselulosa yang diformulasikan mempunyai sifat fisik yang baik: ketebalan 0,51-1,48 mm, kapasitas menahan air 64,77%, pH 7,19, dan kapasitas pengembangan 168%. Formula essence ekstrak akar Morus alba F2 memberikan hasil evaluasi fisik terbaik: viskositas 800 mPas, pH 6,45, daya sebar 7,4 cm, dan homogenitas yang baik. Sediaan essence juga tidak menunjukkan perubahan fisik pada pengujian stabilitas. Uji aktivitas antioksidan sediaan menunjukkan adanya penghambatan terhadap radikal bebas. Sheet mask bioselulosa mengandung essence ekstrak akar Morus alba yang diekstraksi dengan metode NADES dapat diterapkan sebagai agen antioksidan untuk kosmetik yang menjanjikan di masa depan. Kata kunci: antioksidan, bioselulosa, Morus alba, NADES-UAE, sheet mask
Effects of pH on the Stability of Monascus purpureus Red Yeast IR-64 Rice (MpRYR) Extract Shaleha, Resha Resmawati; Yuliana, Anna; amin, Saeful; Sumiwi, Sri Adi; Levita, Jutti
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i2.59599

Abstract

Monascus purpureus red yeast rice (MpRYR), popularly known as angkak, is a Chinese fermented rice health product. The red pigments and monacolin K contained in MpRYR are sensitive to various factors, including acidity, temperature, oxidation, and light; thus, MpRYR is unstable and susceptible to damage during storage and processing. It was reported that monacolin K in red yeast rice solution was easily degraded under thermal treatment at 85–121°C, and the absorbance of MpRYR extract increased at an alkaline pH. This work aimed to study the effects of pH on the stability of pigment extract  MpRYR. MPRYR was purchased from Raja Godhong herbal supplier and extracted with 70% ethanol for 3 × 24 h. The resulting MpRYR extracts were subjected to various pH conditions, and the pH and absorbance were measured, and the degradation rate of MpRYR extracts was calculated. The initial pH of MpRYR extract is 5.75, which increased to 5.97 (+3.82%) at 3 h. The MpRYR extract was more stable in an acidic medium with a degradation rate of 3.80% at 3 h. Research results suggest that acidic conditions are preferable for storing and formulating MpRYR-based products to preserve their functional efficacy.

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