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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 23561971     EISSN : 2406856X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Computer Science & IT Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi Indonesia (IJPST) adalah publikasi ilmiah pada seluruh aspek Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi. Jurnal ini diterbitkan 3 kali setahun untuk menyediakan forum bagi apoteker, dan profesional kesehatan lainnya untuk berbagi praktik terbaik, meningkatkan jaringan kerja dan pendekatan yang lebih kolaboratif dalam Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 494 Documents
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Formulation of Green Tea Spray Gel as Supportive Therapy for Diabetic Foot Infection Priani, Sani Ega; Efrida, Delfiana Aura; Aryani, Ratih; Mulkiya, Kiki; Syafnir, Livia
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.54042

Abstract

Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is a common complication of diabetes, most frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Green tea contains antibacterial compounds and may serve as a potential supportive therapy for DFI. This study aimed to develop a spray gel formulation containing green tea ethanol extract and evaluate its antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The extract was obtained using 96% ethanol through the reflux method and subsequently tested for antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion method. The extract was incorporated into a spray gel formulation with Viscolam MAC 10 as the gelling agent. The resulting spray gels were evaluated for their physical properties and antibacterial activity. Green tea extract demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.1%. Furthermore, the ethanol extract was successfully formulated into a spray gel using 5% Viscolam MAC 10, meeting quality requirements in terms of organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, spray pattern, spray weight, drying time, and adhesion time. Formulations containing 0.75% and 1% GTE exhibited potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus. In conclusion, a green tea–based spray gel formulation with good physical characteristics and potent antibacterial activity has been successfully developed.
The Effect of Ethanol Percentage on Antioxidant Activity of Celery (Apium graveolens) Lukman, Lukman; Mus, Suwahyuni
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.60387

Abstract

Excessive physical activity forms reactive oxygen species (ROS), which oxidize low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and trigger the formation of arteriosclerosis. Increasing antioxidant consumption, such as celery (Apium graveolens), has been proven to prevent heart disease. This study investigated the effect of ethanol concentration on the antioxidant activity of celery herbs in vitro and in vivo. The dried herb was macerated using a mixture of ethanol and water (100% water, 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol, 90% ethanol, and ethanol absolute (99,5%)). Antioxidant activity was determined using the LDL oxidation and β-carotene bleaching methods. Additionally, the antioxidant in vivo activity was carried out on rats using the high-intensity swimming exercises method. The results showed that 70% ethanol extract was significantly (p<0.05) able to inhibit the degradation of β-carotene and LDL oxidation compared to other extracts. The 70% ethanol extract also reduced malondialdehyde levels (14.35±0.63 ng/mL) compared to negative controls (46.04±1.69 ng/mL). In addition, there was an increase in glutathione levels after administration of 70% ethanol extract (111.93±11.68 ng/mL) compared to negative controls (46.04±1.69 ng/mL). In conclusion, 70% ethanol extract of celery herb has the potential to be developed as an alternative to prevent arteriosclerosis.
Machine Learning Based QSAR Model for Screening PPAR-gamma Stimulator Nirwana, Edwin; Nugraha, Gaga Irawan; Ariyanto, Eko Fuji; Sanjaya, Ardo
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.46916

Abstract

Type-2 diabetes (DM2) is still growing into a global problem. Decreased insulin sensitivity is the main mechanism causing DM2. PPAR-gamma has been shown to have a direct relationship with insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to develop a machine-learning model to evaluate phytochemical compounds’ activity as a PPAR-gamma agonist. The dataset used for modeling was procured from the ChEMBL database. A total of 3668 substances were retained after null and duplicate values were removed. Canonical SMILES were collected and described to generate an extended connectivity fingerprint, which was then used to predict the pEC50 value. The machine learning-generated model was then used to predict 2846 phytochemical compounds from the KEGG database. This study uses the Light gradient-based machine learning method. The performance of the model was evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and R-square (R2) of 0.63 and 0.73, respectively. Afterward, the model was used to predict phytochemical compounds. Five compounds with the lowest EC50 were obtained: Pedilstatin (60.05 nM), Gnididin (64.29 nM), Paclitaxel (98.93 nM), Vincristine (113.9 nM), and Camellidin II (129.72 nM). Further research regarding the direct effect of PPAR-gamma needs to be tested on these five compounds. Machine learning models will save time and resources for drug discovery or repurposing previously used drugs.
Identifikasi Profil Asam Lemak dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Dari Produk Fermentasi Generos Kumalasari, Ika Dyah; Septiawan, Erwin
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.48328

Abstract

Beberapa jenis asam lemak dipercaya memiliki kemampuan sebagai antibakteri antara lain asam laurat, asam palmitat, asam serotat dan asam propionat. Antibakteri merupakan suatu zat atau komponen yang dapat menghambat hingga membunuh pertumbuhan bakteri. Senyawa yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri banyak terkandung di dalam tumbuhan Produk fermentasi Generos merupakan produk fermentasi yang dipercaya mengandung asam lemak dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri berdasarkan komposisi nya. Tujuan dari identifikasi pada produk fermentasi Generos untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan asam lemak serta aktivitas antimikroba nya. Identifikasi  asam lemak menggunakan metode Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Sedangkan identifikasi aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan terhadap biakan murni bakteri Staphylococcus aureus & Escherichia coli. Hasil analisis teridentifikasi 24 jenis asam lemak, dan produk fermentasi Generos memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri S. aureus & E. coli. Kesimpulan yang didapat yaitu produk fermentai Generos mengandung 24 jenis kandungan asam lemak dan produk fermentasi Generos bermanfaat untuk mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli yang berasal dari komposisi produk fermentasi Generos.
Immobilization of Penicillin-G Acylase from Bacillus thuringiensis BD1 for Enhanced Amoxicillin Production Using Na-Alginate Entrapment Dewi, Rizky Aulia Prasasti; Widyasti, Erma Widyasti; Dianursanti, Dianursanti; Sriherwanto, Catur; Kusumaningrum, Susi; Rahayu, Maya D.; Putra, Noorendra L.; Hasanah, Nuur F.; Sativa, Rizka G.; Setyahadi, Siswa; Nandyawati, Dewi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.55501

Abstract

Efficient enzymatic production, particularly using Penicillin-G Acylase (PGA), is crucial for synthesizing amoxicillin, a penicillin-type antibiotic. This study optimized PGA immobilization from Bacillus thuringiensis BD1 using Na-alginate to enhance stability and cost-effectiveness. Various Na-alginate concentrations (1%, 1.25%, 1.5%) were tested, with stability assessments at pH 6-9 and temperatures of 30-60 °C, alongside reusability, morphology, and amoxicillin synthesis evaluations. Initial activity was 46.59 U/mg, with optimal immobilization at 1.5% Na-alginate achieving 41.01 U/mg. After four uses, immobilized PGA BD1 retained ±20% activity with optimal conditions at pH 7 and 40 °C. Enhanced amoxicillin synthesis compared to free enzymes highlights its industrial potential. This research demonstrates the feasibility of using immobilized PGA BD1 for scaling up amoxicillin production, offering significant economic and technological benefits.
Exosome Hypoxic-MSCs, Glutathione, and Vitamin C: Effect on IL-10 Levels and CD-163 Expression Utami, Wulan Dyah; Muhar, Adi Muradi; Sumarawati, Titiek; Putra, Agung; Setiawan, Eko; Ibrahim, Sugeng; Taskworo, Dodik; Haitamy, Mohammad Nurrizki
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.60941

Abstract

Hyperpigmentation of the skin is a result of ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure, which causes oxidative stress due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to various skin problems, including melanin accumulation. Exosomes can affect melanocyte activity. Exosomes, as small vesicles released by cells, can affect melanocyte activity and play an important role in various hyperpigmentation processes. The study aims to determine the effect of exosome mesenchymal stem cell hypoxia (EH-MSC) and glutathione with vitamin C on IL-10 levels and CD163 expression. IL-10 gene expression was measured using qRT-PCR, while CD163 expression was analyzed via immunohistochemical staining. A total of 30 male C57BL/6 mice were used and randomly assigned to five different treatment groups. The highest expression of IL-10 was observed in the EH-MSCs-treated group (K4), although the difference was not statistically significant compared to the control (p = 0.135). In contrast, the group receiving a combination of EH-MSCs with glutathione and vitamin C (K5) exhibited the highest percentage of CD163 expression, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.00). These findings demonstrate that the administration of EH-MSC and glutathione with vitamin C significantly increased the expression of CD163, but insignificantly increased IL-10 in C57BL/6 mice with a UVB-induced hyperpigmentation model.
Studi In Silico Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum Folium) sebagai Antikanker Payudara terhadap ESRα Ichsani, Luthfia Nur; Elvian, Elvian; Zahra, Citra Aulia; Ramdani, Aura Radiatia Sesiani; Aprilio, Kevin; Rusdin, Agus; Mardisanutomo, Harsoning Tyas; Muchtaridi, Muchtaridi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.47530

Abstract

Kanker payudara merupakan penyebab utama kedua kematian akibat kanker pada wanita. Berdasarkan data Global Cancer Observatory tahun 2022, terdapat penambahan 66.271 (16,2%) kasus baru kanker payudara di Indonesia dengan jumlah kematian mencapai 22.598 kasus.  Daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum Folium) diketahui memiliki berbagai efek farmakologis contohnya antiproliferatif. Namun, hingga saat ini belum diketahui komponen spesifik dalam daun kemangi yang berkontribusi terhadap efek tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari senyawa daun kemangi yang berpotensi sebagai pengobatan untuk kanker payudara melalui metode penambatan molekuler. Berdasarkan aturan Lipinski, didapatkan hasil bahwa senyawa apigenin, luteolin, eugenol, cirsimaritin, cirsilineol, carvacrol, spathulenol, asam ursolat, linalool, dan asam rosmarinat memenuhi kriteria sebagai senyawa obat. Melalui studi penambatan molekuler didapatkan hasil cirsimaritin sebagai lead compound dengan energi ikatan sebesar -8.19 kcal/mol yang mendekati afinitas ikatan tamoxifen. Terdapat lima interaksi asam amino pada cirsimaritin yang mirip dengan tamoxifen, yaitu tiga ikatan hidrogen pada GLY A : 521; HIS A : 524; GLU A : 353 serta dua ikatan alkil berupa LEU A : 387 dan ILE A : 424. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cirsimaritin memiliki potensi sebagai antikanker payudara melalui penghambatan pada ESR. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi dasar untuk pertimbangan modifikasi lanjutan cirsimaritin sebagai kandidat obat yang potensial.
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum): An overview of antidiabetic activity by α-glucosidase inhibition Ramadaini, Tiara; Sumiwi, Sri Adi; Febrina, Ellin
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.52104

Abstract

Allium ascalonicum (shallot) is a medicinal plant with promising potential in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review summarizes the phytochemical constituents, mechanisms of action, and existing research gaps that warrant further exploration for targeted drug development. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies published between 2013 and 2023. Only full-text original research articles in English were included, while reviews and incomplete studies were excluded. The search strategy employed the keywords: “Allium ascalonicum OR shallot AND α-glucosidase.” The findings indicate that A. ascalonicum demonstrates significant antidiabetic activity across in vitro, in vivo, and limited human studies, primarily through inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme. This activity is largely attributed to quercetin and other flavonoid compounds, which play an essential role in reducing blood glucose levels and mitigating oxidative stress. Collectively, the evidence highlights the therapeutic potential of A. ascalonicum as a natural α-glucosidase inhibitor. However, further clinical investigations and comprehensive toxicity assessments are required to establish its efficacy and safety as a standardized herbal medicine and future phytopharmaceutical candidate for diabetes management.
Antidiabetic Activity of Ethyl Acetate Compounds from Gayam (Inocarpus fagiferus): In Silico and In Vivo Studies Ifaya, Mus; Ridwan, Bai Athur; Laugi, Putri Salsabila; Utami, Apriliani Putri; Abdurrahman, Syawal
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.58070

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood sugar levels. Though many drugs are available, blood glucose control is still challenging to achieve due to decreased beta cell function and side effects of long-term use. Gayam tree bark (Inocarpus fagiferus) has the potential to inhibit digestive enzymes, although the molecular mechanism of its antidiabetic effect has not been ascertained. This study aims to determine the activity of compounds from ethyl acetate extract as antidiabetics, tested in silico and in vivo. The study used molecular docking and in vivo activity analysis. LC-MS analysis was used to determine the content of compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction of gayam bark. Through molecular interaction prediction and ADME-Toxicology, compounds in gayam bark showed antidiabetic activity. In the molecular docking interaction study, the Cochliophilin A compound had a lower binding energy than acarbose on the α-amylase receptor: -9.76 kcal/mol and -8.95 kcal/mol. The ADME-Tox model predicted good skin permeability, absorption, and distribution for Cochliophilin A. The ethyl acetate extract showed antidiabetic activity in lowering blood sugar levels in rats on day 14, respectively by 74% (IV), 72% (V), and 74% (VI). Collectively, compounds in gayam bark are useful in treating diabetes.
Combination of Gmelina arborea and Falcataria moluccana Extracts in Reducing Glucose and Improving Histology in Hyperglycemic Mice Model Rumidatul, Alfi; Fadilah, Tyas I.; Rahayu, Amalia; Mawangi, Neng W. L.; Sandy, Pracilia S.; Kodariah, Liah; Mayuri, Nindya S.
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.61846

Abstract

The White Teak plant (G. arborea) and Sengon (F. moluccana) contain flavonoids that act as antioxidants and have the potential to lower blood sugar levels. This study aims to examine the effects of G. arborea and F. moluccana extracts with polar and non-polar (methanol and n-hexane) solvents on blood glucose levels as well as the histological condition of the pancreas and liver in mice. The extract was obtained through maceration, and its effectiveness was tested by measuring blood glucose levels and conducting histological analysis of the organs. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The research results show that extracts of G. arborea and F. moluccana lower blood glucose levels and improve the histology of the pancreas and liver in mice. Polar solvents (methanol) are more effective in lowering blood glucose levels, while non-polar solvents (n-hexane) have a greater impact on improving organ histology. In conclusion, the extracts of these two plants have a positive effect on the liver condition of hyperglycemic mice.

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