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Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 19790201     EISSN : 25496212     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry or known as PJD, is an English-language scientific periodicals published by the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran thrice a year on every March, July and November. The submission process of manuscript is open throughout the year. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted with acceptance for publication. Designed as a medium of information and scientific knowledge, Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry publishes numerous research articles, in the area of Oral Biology, Dental Material Science and Technology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pedodontics, Dental Public Health and Community Dentistry, Conservative Dentistry, Periodontics, Prosthodontics, Orthodontics, Oral Medicine, Dental Radiology, as well as with their development through interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach. Initially published as Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry (PJD) magazine ISSN 1979-0201(print) on 2007 in form of printed issues. In 2017, the magazine had its online published version under the same with ISSN 2549-6212 (online) in accordance with the policy of LIPI. Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry has been using Open Journal System requiring all writers to register in advance before they are allowed to upload the manuscript they write online. Afterwards, the editors, peer reviewers, and writers can monitor the manuscript processing. Several other changes are informed in the Journal History.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,042 Documents
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Correlation between age and DMFT score in an urban community: a cross-sectional study Darmadi, Eveline Yulia; Fauziah, Yessy Andriani; Parmasari, Wahyuni Dyah; Alghazaly, Farouk; Ritunga, Ilmeda; Wahjuningrum, Dian Agustin; Pawar, Ajinkya
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 38, No 2 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol38no2.69424

Abstract

Introduction: Dental caries remains a major public health problem affecting adolescents and adults, particularly in urban populations. The Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index is widely used to assess caries experience. Understanding the correlation between age and DMFT scores is important for developing targeted preventive strategies. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between age and DMFT score among adolescents and adults in an urban community. Methods: This analytic observational study employed a cross-sectional design involving 150 participants aged 15–40 years from Kelurahan Pegirian, Surabaya. Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on predefined eligibility criteria. Dental caries experience was assessed using the DMFT index through clinical examination. Age was analyzed as both a continuous variable and categorized into three groups (15–18, 19–30, and 31–40 years). Statistical analysis included the Spearman rank correlation test and the Kruskal–Wallis test, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The overall mean DMFT score was 4.13 ± 3.19. The mean DMFT scores were 5.20 ± 3.90 in the 15–18 years group, 4.90 ± 3.00 in the 19–30 years group, and 2.80 ± 2.60 in the 31–40 years group. A weak negative correlation was observed between age and DMFT scores (r=−0.20, p=0.015). Significant differences in DMFT scores were found between age groups (p=0.021), with lower scores observed in the 31–40 years group compared to the younger age groups. Conclusion: Dental caries experience showed variation across age groups and tended to be higher in adolescents and young adults. The weak negative correlation suggests that factors beyond age may play a more important role in influencing caries experience. Strengthening preventive strategies during early life stages may help reduce the long-term disease burden.
A clinical innovation in complete denture fabrication using a modified impression technique for a flat ridge with flabby tissue: A case report Fahira, Jihan; Kusumadewi, An-Nissa; Sumarsongko, Taufik; Damayanti, Lisda
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 38, No 2 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol38no2.66890

Abstract

Background: Alveolar ridge resorption is a common complication in edentulous patients, often resulting in flat ridges with flabby tissue, especially in long-term denture wearers. These soft tissues are mobile and easily displaced, compromising denture retention, stability, and support. Conventional impression techniques may lead to distorted impressions and ill-fitting dentures. This case report aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of a modified impression technique combining selective pressure and closed-mouth approaches to manage flat ridges with flabby tissue. Case Report: A 59-year-old male presented with difficulty chewing due to ill-fitting complete dentures. Clinical examination revealed completely edentulous arches with flat ridges and flabby tissue in the anterior regions of both jaws. A modified selective pressure technique was employed. For the maxilla, a custom tray with a window was used to record the flabby area using light-body polyvinyl siloxane (PVS), while medium-body PVS was applied to the stress-bearing areas. For the mandible, a closed-mouth technique was used during the preliminary impression to accurately record the retromolar pad and retromylohyoid area. A double-spacer tray with escape holes was then used during the final impression with light-body PVS to minimize tissue displacement. Conclusion: The modified selective pressure and closed-mouth techniques may effectively minimize soft-tissue distortion in flat ridges with flabby tissue. Proper tray design and material selection may enhance denture retention and stability, while accurate recording of mandibular extension, especially the retromylohyoid area, may further improve the performance of mandibular denture.
Effect of apatite cement on osteoblast cell numbers in alveolar sockets after tooth extraction in rabbits: an experimental study Supriatna, Andi; Noer Fadilah, Rina Putri; Dewi, Zwista Yulia; Yuniar, Nindya; Fitri, Dinda Kurnia
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 38, No 2 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol38no2.70901

Abstract

Introduction: Tooth extraction damages soft and hard tissues, followed by alveolar bone resorption, which can interfere with the healing process and prosthetic rehabilitation. One effort to minimize alveolar bone resorption is the use of graft materials such as apatite cement, which is biocompatible and osteoconductive. This study aimed to analyze the effect of apatite cement on osteoblast cell numbers during alveolar socket healing following tooth extraction in rabbits. Methods: This study used a true experimental design with a post-test-only control group design. The study objects were biological materials placed in the alveolar sockets of New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided into a control group, a tooth extraction group without apatite cement administration, and a tooth extraction group with apatite cement administration. Histological observations were conducted on days 3, 7, and 14, representing the inflammatory, proliferative, and early remodeling phases of rabbit socket healing, respectively.  The data were analyzed statistically using normality and homogeneity tests, followed by the one-way ANOVA statistical test. Results: The mean osteoblast cell counts in the apatite cement group were significantly higher than those in the control group on days 3, 7, and 14. The highest osteoblast count was observed on day 14, with mean values of 28.93 ± 3.57 cells/field in the apatite cement group compared with 0.80 ± 0.35 cells/field in the control group (p < 0.05). One-way ANOVA demonstrated significant differences among the experimental groups. Conclusion: Apatite cement administration increased osteoblast cell numbers in the alveolar socket after tooth extraction in rabbits, suggesting its potential to promote early osteogenic activity during the initial stages of socket healing.
Theoretical frameworks for explaining dental health service utilization: A scoping review Farah, Cahyannisa; Badruddin, Iwany Amalliah; Novrinda, Herry; Bahar, Armasastra; Dong-Hun, Han
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 38, No 2 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol38no2.69159

Abstract

Introduction: Oral diseases remain a major global public health challenge, contributing to disability, reduced quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. Although regular dental attendance improves oral health outcomes, the utilization of dental health services remains unequal across population due to complex individual, social, structural, and policy-related factors. Theoretical models are essential for understanding these determinants and informing interventions to improve access and equity, yet a comprehensive synthesis of these models is lacking. This scoping review aimed to identify, map, and synthesize theoretical models used to explain dental health service utilization. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Eight electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, JSTOR, and Emerald Insight) were searched, supplemented by manual screening of reference lists. English-language publications from 1960 to 2025 that proposed, adapted, or conceptualized theoretical models of dental health service utilization were included. Study selection, duplicate removal, and screening were performed using Rayyan.ai, followed by a narrative synthesis of study characteristics, theoretical foundations, and model components. Results: Of the 1,037 records identified, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most were published after 2000 and originated from high-income countries, particularly Europe and the United States, with limited evidence from middle-income settings. Models were applied across diverse populations, including children, adults, older adults, women, migrants, rural communities, and other vulnerable groups. Most were adaptations of established health service utilization frameworks, while fewer proposed novel or context-specific models. Determinants were consistently grouped into five domains: individual characteristics, enabling and structural factors, need-related factors, psychosocial influences, and broader contextual and policy determinants. Conclusion: This review provides the a comprehensive synthesis of theoretical models explaining dental health service utilization. The findings offer a conceptual foundation for future research and support evidence-informed policies and interventions to improve equitable access to dental health services.
Influence of determinant factors on Jambi medical students’ awareness of seeking oral health information on social media: a cross-sectional study Wijayanti, Zilzikridini; Hardiningsih, Denok Tri; Buana Perkasa, Tengku Arief; Amatullah, Afifah
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 38, No 2 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol38no2.68853

Abstract

Introduction: Social media has become an effective and easily accessible means of acquiring oral health literacy in the digital era 5.0. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the influence of determinant factors affecting Jambi medical students’ awareness of seeking oral health information on social media. Method: This analytical cross-sectional study analyzed the association between determinant factors affecting Jambi medical students' awareness of seeking oral health literacy on social media. A total of 292 participants were selected using purposive sampling. The instrument was divided into five sections. The second and fifth sections were measured using a Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: The higher the frequency of seeking oral and dental health information through social media, the greater the awareness of seeking oral health information on social media (regression coefficient=0.581; t=10.248; p<0.001). A higher level of trust was also associated with greater awareness of seeking oral and dental health information on social media (regression coefficient=0.431; t=10.314; p<0.001). Respondents with good oral and dental health maintenance behavior were more likely to be positively influenced by oral and dental health information and content on social media (regression coefficient=0.344; t=8.255; p<0.001). Conclusion: Social media plays an important role in shaping individual awareness, particularly when users have high levels of trust and actively seek relevant oral and dental health information. Trust was identified as a key determinant in influencing awareness of oral health literacy on social media.
Biomolecular and bioinformatics characterization of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-9 as oral cancer potential targeted therapy Dewi, Siti Rusdiana Puspa; Saleh, Muhammad Irsan; Murti, Krisna; Parisa, Nita; Rosdah, Ayeshah Augusta; Subandrate, Subandrate; Kumar, Arun
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 38, No 2 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol38no2.70464

Abstract

Introduction: Oral cancer is the 11th most common cancer worldwide. Previous studies have reported that saliva contains biomarkers for oral cancer. MMP-9, found in saliva, is a marker that indicates and facilitates tumor development. However, comprehensive biomolecular and bioinformatics characterization of salivary MMP-9 remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the biomolecular and bioinformatics characteristics of salivary MMP-9 as an oral cancer biomarker and a potential target for therapy because it plays an important role in tumor development and management. Methods: The features of MMP-9 were obtained from the NCBI database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Protein analyses were performed using Protparam site, PROTSCALE, TMM application, PEPTIDE CUTTER, NETNGLYC and TARGETTP. The protein model and structure of MMP-9 were evaluated using SWISSMODEL. Results: Based on the study, it showed that MMP-9 is located on 20q13.12. It is involved in extracellular matrix breakdown, and this enzyme degrades type IV and V collagens. Based on the instability index (II), the protein was found to be unstable. The hydrophobicity range of the MMP-9 protein was 0–7654. Among the 20 amino acids analyzed, the hydrophobicity of arginine was -4.500, while isoleucine was 4.500. Transmembrane helix analysis indicated the MMP-9 protein isoform is predominantly located outside of the cell. The predicted N-glycosylation site was at the 28th amino acid. The structural model analysis indicated that the protein model was of good quality. Conclusion: Biomolecular and bioinformatics characterization of salivary MMP-9 demonstrates strong potential as an oral cancer biomarker. The biomolecular and bioinformatics characteristics identified in this study support the potential utility of MMP-9 as an oral cancer biomarker and provide a foundation for future studies investigating its therapeutic relevance.
Managing trauma-induced multiple gingival recessions associated with canine malposition using a modified tunneling technique and subepithelial connective tissue graft: A case report Rengganis, Bellia Sukma; Sari, Rezmelia; Raja Awang, Raja Azman
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 38, No 2 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol38no2.66919

Abstract

Introduction: Managing multiple gingival recessions in the aesthetic zone presents a clinical challenge, particularly in cases involving tooth malposition, extrusion, and irregular bone loss resulting from trauma. These factors complicate treatment selection. The Laterally Closed Tunnel (LCT) and Modified Coronally Advanced Tunnel (MCAT), both modified tunneling techniques, offer several advantages when combined with a Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft (SCTG), including enhanced blood supply, improved graft nutrition, and reduced postoperative morbidity due to minimal vertical incisions and limited flap extension. This case report aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of this combined technique in treating multiple gingival recessions. Case report: A 20-year-old male patient presented with hypersensitivity and aesthetic concerns following accidental trauma. Clinical examination revealed Miller Class III/RT2 Cairo gingival recession on the buccal aspect of left maxillary canine and Miller Class I/RT1 Cairo gingival recession on the left maxillary first premolar, associated with canine malposition and extrusion, a recession depth of up to 7 mm, and inadequate keratinized tissue. The patient was treated using a combination of LCT and MCAT with SCTG. At the 3-month follow-up, substantial root coverage, increased soft tissue thickness, and improved gingival aesthetics were achieved, along with resolution of dentine hypersensitivity. Conclusion: The combination of LCT, MCAT, and SCTG techniques appears to be an effective treatment option for managing complex trauma-induced multiple gingival recessions associated with tooth malposition, providing favourable root coverage and improved soft tissue aesthetics.
The association between maternal knowledge, stunting severity, and dental caries among stunted children: a cross-sectional study Supli, Ika kurnia Dewi; Juliawati, Mita; Laksmiastuti, Sri Ratna; Gusbela, Balqis Istiqomah
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 38, No 2 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol38no2.70164

Abstract

Introduction: Stunting remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia, including in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, where the prevalence is 24.8%, exceeding the national average. Maternal knowledge may influence children's dietary practices, oral hygiene, and preventive care, thereby affecting the risk of dental caries. Stunting may also impair oral development and increase the risk of dental caries in children. This study aimed to analyze the association between maternal knowledge, stunting severity, and dental caries among stunted children Methods: This observational analytical study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 65 stunted toddlers were included using total sampling at Mariana Community Health Center, South Sumatra, between August and December 2025. Data were obtained from community health center records, and maternal knowledge regarding stunting was assessed using a questionnaire. Dental caries was measured using the def-t index. The associations between maternal knowledge regarding stunting, stunting severity and dental caries was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Among the stunted children, 60.0% (n=39) were moderately stunted and 40.0% (n=26) were severely stunted. Most mothers had poor knowledge regarding stunting, with 58 respondents (89.23%) categorized as having poor knowledge (score <55). No significant association was found between maternal knowledge and stunting severity (p=0.073), while stunting severity was significantly associated with dental caries (p = 0.037). Conclusion: Maternal knowledge was not associated with stunting severity, whereas stunting severity was significantly associated with dental caries. Oral health assessment may be considered as a component of the comprehensive management of children with stunting.
Effectiveness of an augmented reality-based HI Bogi application in improving toothbrushing skills among elementary school children: a quasi-experimental study Fadilah, Rina Putri Noer; Fauzi, Anggi; Andisa, Maria; Supriatna, Andi; Sonjaya, Donni
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 38, No 2 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol38no2.70558

Abstract

Introduction: Oral health is an essential component of overall quality of life; however, the prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia remains high, particularly among elementary school children, partly due to inadequate toothbrushing skills. Various digital educational innovations, including mobile health applications and augmented reality (AR)-based interventions, have demonstrated positive effects on oral health education and behavioral change. Nevertheless, evidence regarding the effectiveness of the HI Bogi AR-based application, especially in improving children’s toothbrushing skills, remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the augmented reality-based HI Bogi application in improving toothbrushing skills among elementary school children using a quasi-experimental design. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre- and post-test design. A total of 170 elementary school students aged 9–12 years from Cimahi City were recruited using simple random sampling. The intervention involved the use of the HI Bogi AR-based application for 21 days. The research instrument was an observational questionnaire comprising 13 indicators of toothbrushing skills. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test for normally distributed data and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for non-normal data. Results: Toothbrushing skills improved significantly following the intervention (Wilcoxon signed-rank test: Z = −15.192, p < 0.001). The mean toothbrushing skill score increased from 4.40 ± 3.77 at baseline to 12.62 ± 0.71 after the intervention, representing an average improvement of 8.22 points. These findings indicate that the HI Bogi AR application substantially improved children’s toothbrushing skills. Conclusion: The HI Bogi application integrated with augmented reality (AR) proved effective in improving proper toothbrushing skills among children aged 9–12 years in Cimahi City. This innovation has the potential to serve as an alternative, promotive, and preventive oral health education tool to support school-based oral health programs.
Mandibular gonial angle characteristics for age and sex estimation: a cross-sectional study Fauziah, Yessy Andriani; Darmadi, Eveline Yulia; Parmasari, Wahyuni Dyah; Ritunga, Imelda; Wahjuningrum, Dian Agustin; Alghazaly, Farouk
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 38, No 2 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol38no2.69606

Abstract

Introduction: The mandibular gonial angle is a craniofacial parameter that reflects anatomical adaptation influenced by growth processes, masticatory function, and sexual dimorphism, making it relevant for age and sex estimation. This parameter has been widely applied in dental and craniofacial studies. However, evidence from community based Indonesian populations remains limited. Population specific data are important for improving the accuracy and applicability of craniofacial indicators. This study aimed to evaluate mandibular gonial angle characteristics for age and sex estimation in Semampir District, Surabaya. Methods: This analytical observational study employed a cross-sectional design involving 100 adults aged 21–50 years from Semampir District, Surabaya, consisting of 50 males and 50 females. Mandibular gonial angle measurements were obtained from digital panoramic radiographs using standardized anatomical landmarks. Bilateral measurements were averaged for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize gonial angle values, while inferential statistical tests were applied to evaluate differences related to age and sex.  Results: Descriptive analysis showed variation in mandibular gonial angle values across different age groups without a consistent age-related pattern. In contrast, a clear difference in mean gonial angle values was observed between the sexes, with female subjects demonstrating higher mean values than male subjects. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference in gonial angle values according to sex (p<0.001), while no statistically significant association was found between age and gonial angle measurements (p>0.05).  Conclusion: The mandibular gonial angle demonstrates pronounced sexual dimorphism but limited applicability for adult age estimation in the studied population. These findings suggest that the gonial angle may serve as a supportive craniofacial indicator for sex estimation, while its role in age estimation should be interpreted with caution. Population-specific, community-based data are important for strengthening the forensic and dental applications of craniofacial parameters in Indonesian populations.

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