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The Limits of Nuclear Non-Proliferation: Legal Oversight, Safeguards, and Compliance under the 1968 NPT Ramlan, Ramlan; Suhermi, Suhermi; Sasmiar, Sasmiar; Mardhatillah, Mardhatillah
Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law Vol 6 No 3 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/up.v6i3.50532

Abstract

Background: The 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is the cornerstone of the global nuclear non-proliferation regime, aiming to regulate the peaceful use of nuclear energy, prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, and promote gradual nuclear disarmament. Its principles seek to reduce nuclear threats and create a safer international security environment while preventing future remilitarization. Purpose: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the NPT in enforcing compliance and preventing proliferation, as well as to identify the main challenges that hinder its successful implementation. Methodology: The research employs a normative legal approach by reviewing NPT provisions, IAEA official reports and instruments, and case studies involving states suspected of developing clandestine nuclear programs. Findings: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) serves as the primary verification body for NPT compliance through its safeguards system. However, enforcement remains challenging, particularly when states conceal nuclear activities. Limited inspection access exemplified by Iran’s decision not to ratify the Additional Protocol, makes it difficult for inspectors to verify undeclared nuclear materials and activities. Furthermore, several structural weaknesses reduce the NPT’s overall effectiveness, including reliance on the political will of the international community, imbalances between nuclear-weapon states (NWS) and non-nuclear-weapon states (NNWS), insufficient penalties for violations, and the Escape Clause that allows withdrawal from the treaty. Originality/Value: This research provides a critical evaluation of the NPT safeguard and verification mechanisms, highlighting practical implementation obstacles and their implications for the future of the global non-proliferation regime.
Efektivitas Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan Di Kecamatan Kumpeh Kabupaten Muaro Jambi Septia Rahmanda, Fadhil; Suhermi, Suhermi
Zaaken: Journal of Civil and Business Law Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : Universitas Jambi, Fakultas Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/zaaken.v6i3.45045

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis efektivitas penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan di Kecamatan Kumpeh Kabupaten Muaro Jambi dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan tidak efektifnya penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan di Kecamatan Kumpeh Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana efektivitas penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan di Kecamatan Kumpeh Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, dan faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan tidak efektifnya penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan di Kecamatan Kumpeh Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian adalah efektivitas penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan di bawah umur di Kecamatan Kumpeh Kabupaten Muaro Jambi belum berjalan efektif sebagaimana mestinya yang diharapkan sesuai dengan yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan. Faktor-faktor penyebab tidak efektifnya penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan di Kecamatan Kumpeh Kabupaten Muaro Jambi yaitu faktor pendidikan, faktor ekonomi, faktor sosial, dan faktor hamil di luar nikah.
The Phenomenon of Startup Investment and Minority Investor Protection: A Legal Analysis of Asymmetric Risk polontoh, Herry m; Yusnita, Yusnita; Judijanto, Loso; Suhermi, Suhermi
Ipso Jure Vol. 2 No. 6 (2025): Ipso Jure - July
Publisher : PT. Anagata Sembagi Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62872/25ep0607

Abstract

The rapid growth of the startup industry in Indonesia has raised new legal issues related to the protection of minority investors in a dynamic and institutionally unestablished ownership structure. This study analyzes how the risk of information asymmetry in the relationship between founders and investors creates inequality in legal relations that weakens the position of minority investors. Through a normative juridical approach, this study examines the effectiveness of the provisions in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, especially Articles 61, 62, and 114, in providing substantive legal protection. The results of the study show that the existing legal mechanism is not fully adaptive to the complexity of the startup investment model, especially due to the weak application of fiduciary duty principles and the lack of application of good corporate governance principles. On the other hand, the practice of investment agreements often affirms the dominance of the majority shareholders through exploitative clauses. Therefore, a legal reformulation is needed that is able to bridge this normative vacuum, through the strengthening of hybrid legal instruments and responsive sectoral regulations. This research recommends legal policy reforms that emphasize the balance of interests, transparency, and substantive justice to create an inclusive, sustainable, and economically democratic startup ecosystem.
Asas Itikad Baik Dalam Lelang Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan (Studi Putusan Nomor 375/PDT/2023/PT DKI) Febiola Efendi Putri Sormin, Anggelika; Suhermi, Suhermi; Manik, Herlina
Zaaken: Journal of Civil and Business Law Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Universitas Jambi, Fakultas Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/zaaken.v7i2.49294

Abstract

This research aims to determine and analyze the legal regulations regarding the principle of good faith in the execution auction of mortgage rights according to the Indonesian legal system, as well as the considerations of the Panel of Judges in Decision Number 375/PDT/2023/PT DKI in assessing the application of the principle of good faith in the execution auction of mortgage rights. The method employed is normative legal research, utilizing a statutory approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. The research results indicate that the principle of good faith in the execution auction of mortgage rights is not only regulated in Article 1338 paragraph (3) of the Civil Code, but also in the Mortgage Law, the Banking Law, the Minister of Finance Regulation, and SEMA Number 4 of 2016. However, its application still heavily relies on the judicial interpretation. Decision Number 375/PDT/2023/PT DKI affirms that a buyer of an auctioned property who is aware of a dispute is not a bona fide purchaser; thus, the auction is declared void. Conversely, at the appellate levels, the Supreme Court considered that the auction procedure was in accordance with regulations and that the auction buyer was considered a bona fide purchaser. This difference in consideration shows the inconsistency of Judges in applying the principle of good faith. This research suggests that the parameters of the principle of good faith include compliance with procedures and legal regulations, transparency of information regarding the legal status of the auctioned object, and prohibition against profiting from the disadvantages of other parties.
Co-Authors AA Sudharmawan, AA Achmad Noerkhaerin Putra Ade Damayanti Vina Giovany Aini, Zahratul Al Ihksan Agus Alam, Rizqy Iftitah Alya Islamiaty Amir, Diana Amir, Haeril Amirasti, Syamsinar Andi Najemi, Andi Andrizal Andrizal Anita Sari AOLYA, ANDI RAHMADINA Aolya, Andi Ramadhani Aqilah P, A.Jasmine Haya Archieyevia Maydella Kurniawan, Shidqi Arfa'i Arfa'i Asfar, Akbar Asnaniar, Wa Ode Sri Astika, Eliya Bohari, Muh Ijlal Imam Dini Hariyati Adam Dwi Suryahartati Elfis Suanto Emin, Wan Sulastri Ernawati Ernawati Evalina Alissa dan Arrie Budhiartie Evy Damayanti Faizah Bafadhal Fatma Jama Febiola Efendi Putri Sormin, Anggelika Hendri Hendri Herlina Manik Herlina, Nelli Herry M. Polontoh Jama, Fatma Judijanto, Loso Jumini, Vivi Juwita, Putri Kamila, Uswatun Kartini Kartini Karuniawati, Nia Khoiruni Azzahra, Kamila M. Yogi Riyantama Isjoni Mardhatillah, Mardhatillah Meri Yarni Muskibah Muskibah Netty Netty Nur ‘Azah Nys Arfa Padhila, Nur Ilah Pahlefi , Pahlefi Pahlefi, Pahlefi Pebrianto, Dony Yusra Prasna, Adeb Davega Ramlan, H. Ramli, Rahmawati Rema Syelvita Rufi’i, Rufi’i Rustam, Zulis Noor Rafik Samsualam, Samsualam saputri, Linda Hardianti Sartika Sartika Sasmiar, Sasmiar Sehatta Saragih Septia Rahmanda, Fadhil Septiyanti, Septiyanti Setyaranti Utami, Tiara Siregar, Yolanda Slamet Santoso Soejoto, Nina Nardjati Sunarti Surianto Surianto Suyuti, Sartika Taqiyah, Yusrah Tri Antisya, Viona Umar Hasan Veithzal Rivai Zainal Windarto, Windarto Wiyarno, Yoso Yanti, Yasmi Devi Yenita Roza Yetniwati Yetniwati YUSNITA YUSNITA Zulaika, Zulaika