Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

The Influence of Family Characteristics, Family Financial Management, and Saving Intensity on The Size of Farmer Families’ Saving at Ciaruteun Ilir Villages Kartikasari, Susanti; Muflikhati, Istiqlaliyah
Journal of Consumer Sciences Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Journal of Consumer Sciences
Publisher : Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jcs.1.2.13-27

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of financial management on saving behavior in farmer families. This research uses cross-sectional design conducted in Ciaruteun Ilir Village with purposive selection location. The study was performed in 70 randomly selected families with working wife. The results showed that financial management of farmer family is poor.  A total of 71.4 percent of farmer families has saving. The results of multiple linear regression showed that the bigger the family size, the weaker the financial management. Nonetheless, the number of assets and higher family income would increase financial management. Logistic regression showed that family with better financial management is more likely to have better saving. Family size would reduce saving, while family income would increase saving.
The Influence Of Perception On Purchasing Decision Of Soy Sauce Sachet In Rural And Urban Area Rachmawati, Hazrina; Muflikhati, Istiqlaliyah
Journal of Consumer Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017): Journal of Consumer Sciences
Publisher : Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jcs.2.2.1-14

Abstract

Nowadays. the soy sauce is sold in various of sizes plastic package from a large size to sachet. It is. therefore. very important to analyze the factors that influence the purchasing decision of soy sauce sachet. The study was conducted in Kebon Kalapa Subdistrict. Bogor  District as an urban area and Galuga Subdistrict. Bogor Disctrict as a rural area. One hundred and seventy-four households became the subject of the study and they were chosen by simple random sampling. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square. Independent sample t-test. Pearson correlation. and logistic regression. The result of the study showed that in rural area. the number of family members and price perception on purchasing decisions toward the soy sauce sachet influenced significantly. Overall. the price perception significantly influenced the purchasing decisions toward the soy sauce sachet. 
The Influence Of Mother’s Perception and Attitude Toward Fish Purchasing Behavior in Pekalongan Families Safitri, Ima Audina; Muflikhati, Istiqlaliyah
Journal of Consumer Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): Journal of Consumer Sciences
Publisher : Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jcs.3.1.28-38

Abstract

Purchase behavior is influenced by several factors such as perception and attitude. This study aims to analyze the influence of perceptions and attitudes on fish purchasing behavior in rural and urban areas. This research use cross sectional study design. This research was conducted in Pekalongan. Kandang Panjang Village, Pekalongan City as urban area and Duwet Village, Pekalongan Regency as rural area. The sample in this study was 100 mothers. Data were analyzed using descriptive test, different test Independent sample T-test, Pearson correlation test, and multiple linear regression test. Perception and mother’s attitude in urban were higher than in rural. Beside that, there were differences on fish expenditure, expenditure of fish in urban was higher than in rural. Regression test showed perception, location, and maternal age have a significant effect on fish purchasing behavior.
The Influence Of Mother’s Motivation And Preferences On Fish Consumption Behavior In Rural And Urban Families Sari, Ririn Purnama; Muflikhati, Istiqlaliyah
Journal of Consumer Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): Journal of Consumer Sciences
Publisher : Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jcs.3.1.39-49

Abstract

The aims of this study is to analyze the differences and the effects of mother’s motivation and preference on behavior of fish consumption in families in rural and urban areas. The research design which used was cross sectional study with purposive location selection in Duwet Village, Pekalongan Regency, and Kandang Panjang, Pekalongan City. The sample in this study is 100 families consisted of 50 families in rural areas and 50 families in urban areas. The results show that urban families prefer fresh sea fish, while rural families prefer pindang fish. The result of multiple linear regression analysis showed that factors affecting the fish consumption behavior of rural family is family size, and per capita income, while fish consumption behavior of urban family  influenced by family size, per capita income, and preference.
Financial Management and Assets Ownership Toward Subjective Well-Being on Entrepreneurial Family Setyasalma, Hani; Muflikhati, Istiqlaliyah
Journal of Consumer Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2019): Journal of Consumer Sciences
Publisher : Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jcs.4.1.25-36

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial management and asset ownership on subjective well-being on entrepreneurial families. This research was conducted on 90 families who had a business in Babakan Village, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency. The sampling method was using the purposive technique. Respondents in this study are husband or wife who owns and manage their business. Data analyzed descriptively and inferential statistics using multiple linear regression test. According to the research, entrepreneurial families have a low financial management index. Most families have assets at least three types. The level of subjective well-being of the entrepreneurial family is classified as moderate. Income and financial management have a significant positive effect on the subjective well-being of families. Asset ownership does not have a significant effect on subjective family well-being.
Child Involvement in Family Financial Management and Subjective Well-Being of Children from the Intact and Non-Intact Families Nurhayati , Leti; Muflikhati, Istiqlaliyah
Journal of Consumer Sciences Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): Journal of Consumer Sciences
Publisher : Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jcs.5.1.46-57

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of child involvement in family financial management and material well-being on children’s subjective well-being among children from intact families and non-intact families. Fifty students from intact families and fifty students from the non-intact family have participated in this research. The students were selected using stratified random sampling techniques from junior high schools in Bogor Regency. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and were followed with in-depth interviews with some students. The result of this research showed that child involvement, material well-being, and subjective well-being were categorized as medium. The result of the independent sample T-test showed that there were no significant differences between students from intact families and students from non-intact families in terms of their involvement in family financial management, material well-being, and subjective well-being. The result of the multiple linear regression test showed that child involvement in family financial management significantly positively affected their subjective well-being. Thus, the higher the children involved in family financial management, the better their subjective well-being.
MODAL SOSIAL, COPING EKONOMI, GEJALA STRES SUAMI DAN KESEJAHTERAAN SUBJEKTIF KELUARGA PADA KELUARGA TKW Silitonga, Mirdat; puspitawati, Herien; Muflikhati, Istiqlaliyah
JKKP (Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga dan Pendidikan) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2018): JKKP (Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga dan Pendidikan)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (420.192 KB) | DOI: 10.21009/JKKP.051.03

Abstract

The achievement of family well - being is an aspiration of all families including families of migrant workers, to achieve the well - being of one of the ways that the families of migrant workers with the departure of the wife work as domestic servants in various countries. The purpose of this study was to analyze social capital, economic coping, sress symptom’s husband and family subjektive well - being of women migrant workers. This research use cross sectional studies. The location was chosen purposively in Tanggeung Village, Pagermaneuh Village, Margaluyu Village, Karangtengah Village, Tanggeung District and Pasirdalam Village Kadupandak District, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Seventy five families were selected purposively among the families of women migrant workers. The finding indicates that social capital is in the moderate category, the coping economy is in the moderate category, the sress symptom’s husband is in the low category and the family well-being is in the low category. Finding in this study family subjective well-being is influenced by income per capita, sress symptom’s husband and economic coping. Keywords: economic coping, family subjective well-being, social capital, stress symptom Abstrak Kesejahteraan keluarga merupakan sesuatu yang ingin dicapai seluruh keluarga, termasuk keluarga Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW), untuk mencapai kesejahteraan tersebut salah satu cara yang dilakukan oleh keluarga TKW adalah mengirim istri sebagai pembantu rumah tangga di berbagai negara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis modal sosial, coping ekonomi, gejala stres suami, dan kesejahteraan subjektif keluarga TKW. Penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional studies. Lokasi dipilih dengan metode purposive di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Kabupaten Cianjur, Kecamatan Tanggeung, Desa Pagermaneuh, Desa Marguluyu, Desa Karangtengah, Desa Tanggeung, Kecamatan Kadupandak, Desa Pasirdalam. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 75 keluarga TKW dengan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menemukan modal sosial berada pada kategori sedang, coping ekonomi berada pada kategori sedang, gelaja stres suami berada pada kategori rendah, dan kesejahteraan subjektif berada pada kategori rendah. Penelitian ini juga menemukan kesejahteraan keluarga berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan perkapita, gelaja stres suami, dan coping ekonomi. Kata kunci : coping ekonomi, gejala stres, kesejahteraan subjektif, modal sosial. References [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2016. Data provinsi termiskin 2016. Berita Resmi Statistik [internet]. 4 Januari 2016. [diunduh 2016 September 7]; Tersedia pada: http://www.bps.go.id. [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Barat. 2016. Garis Kemiskinan Menurut Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Barat (Rp/kapita/bulan), 2005-2014. Berita Resmi Statistik [internet]. 4 Januari 2016, [diunduh 2016 September 7]; Tersedia pada: http://jabar.bps.go.id. Alfiasari. 2008. Analisis modal sosial dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi keluarga miskin di Kelurahan Kedung Jaya, Kecamatan Tanah Sareal, Kota Bogor. Vol. 1 no. 1 edisi Januari. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor. Borner, Shively J, Wunder G, Wyman S. 2012. How do rural households respond to economic shocks? Insights from hierarchical analysis using global data. International Association of Agricultural Economists. Casey L. 2013. Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey 2013. Australian Psychological Society Carbonell A F. 2005. Income and well-being: an empirical analysis of the comparison income effect. Journal of Public Economics: 89 (2005) 997 – 1019. Coleman J S. 1988. “Social capital in the creation of human capital.” American Journal of Sociology 94 (Supplement): S95-S120. Celia M, Lenore M. 2004. Somali Women and Well-Being: Social Networks and Social Capital among Immigrant Women in Australia. Human Organization. Vol. 63 :88 Djohan R. 2008. Leader & Social Capital : Lead to Togetherness. Jakarta: Fund Asia Education Debebe Z, Mebratie A, Sparrow R, Abebaw D, Dekker M, Alemu G, Bedi A. 2013. Coping with shocks in rural Ethiopia. Working Paper. African Studies Centre. Dercon S. 2000. Income risk, coping strategies and safety nets. Background paper World Development Report 2000/01: Centre for the Study of African Economies, Oxford University, Department of Economics Diener E, Tay L. 2013. Rising Income and the Subjective Well-Being of Nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: Vol. 104, No. 2, 267–276 DOI: 10.1037/a0030487 Dwyer A, Cummings A. 2001. Stress, Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Coping Strategies in University Students. Canadian Journal of Counselling. Vol. 35:3 Ersado L, Alderman H, Alwang J. 2014. Changes in Consumption and Saving Behavior before and after Economic Shocks: Evidence from Zimbabwe. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/380136 Fujiwara F, Kawachi I. 2008. Social Capital and Health A Study of Adult Twins in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Vol. 35: 2 Garcia M, McDowell T. 2010. Mapping Social Capital: A Critical Contextual Approach For Working with Low-Status Families. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. Vol. 36 No. 1: 96. 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2009.00188.x Grootaert C. 1999. Social capital, household walfare and poverty in Indonesia. Working Paper, No.6. Washington DC, USA: The World Bank. Social Development Department. Hasanah U, Nadiroh, Neolaka A. 2017. The Influence of Couple Interaction, Roles Differences, and Social-Economic Status on Mother’s Stress Coping. American Scientific Publisher. Vol. 23 10868 – 10870. Helliwell J F, Huang H, Wang S. 2013. Social Capital and Well-Being in Times of Crisis. Journal Happiness Study: DOI 10.1007/s10902-013-9441-z Headey B, Wooden Mark. 2004. The Effects of Wealth and Income on Subjective Well-Being and Ill-Being. Melbourne Institute of Applied and Social Research: IZA DP No. 1032. Hyyppa M. T, Maki J. (2003). Social participation and health in a community rich in stock of social capital. Health Education Research, 18(6), 770–779. Hossain S. 2006. Poverty, household strategies, and coping with urban life: examining livelihood framework in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology, Vol. 2, No. 1. Jain A K, Giga S I, Cooper C L. 2013. Stress, Health and Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Employee and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health: doi:10.3390/ijerph10104907 Jaya, Sumertajaya I M, 2008, Pemodelan persamaan struktural dengan partial least square. Semnas Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika. Vol. 1 118 - 132 Jha R, Nahrajan H K, Pradhan K. 2012. Household Coping Strategies and Welfare: Does Governance Matter? NCAER Working Papers on Decentralisation and Rural Governance in India. Krantz. 2001. The Sustainable Livelihood Approach to Poverty Reduction. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Kawachi I. 2006 Commentary: social capital and health: making the connections one step at a time. Int J Epidemiol. Vol. 35:989 –93. Lazarus, R S, Folkman, S, 1984. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer. Mohnen S, Beate V B, Flap H, Subramanian S, Groenewegen P. 2015. The Influence of Social Capital on Individual Health: Is it the Neighbourhood or the Network?. Soc Indic Res. Vol. 121:195–214 DOI 10.1007/s11205-014-0632-8 Markovic, M, Manderson, L. (2002). Crossing national boundaries: Social identity formation among recent immigrant women in Australia from former Yugoslavia. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 2, 303-316. Puspitawati H. 2012. Gender dan Keluarga. Bogor (ID): IPB Press. ____________. 2013. Ekologi Keluarga: Konsep dan Lingkungan. Bogor (ID): IPB Press. ____________. 2013. Pengantar Studi Keluarga. Bogor (ID): IPB Press. Puspitawati H, Herawati T. 2013. Metode Penelitian Keluarga. Bogor (ID): IPB Press. Rebecca P, Crnic K A, Cox M J, Mills W R. 2013. The Family Model Stress and Maternal Psychological Symptoms: Mediated Pathways From Economic Hardship to Parenting. Journal of Family Psychology: DOI: 10.1037/a0031112 Rosidah U, Hartoyo, Istiqlaliyah. 2012. Kajian strategi koping dan perilaku investasi anak pada keluarga buruh pemetik melati gambir. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, Vol. 5, No. 1. Stevenson B, Wolfers J. 2013. Subjective Well-Being and Income: Is There Any Evidence of Satiation? American Economic Review. 103(3): 598–604 http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.598 Welsh J A, Berry H L. 2009. Social capital and mental health and well-being. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University Wills E, Orozco L, Forero C, Pardo O, Andonova V. 2011. The relationship between perceptions of insecurity, social capital and subjective well-being: Empirical evidences from areas of rural conflict in Colombia. The Journal of Socio-Economics. Vol. 40 88–96 Yip W, Subramanian S. V, Mitchell A D, Lee D, Wang J, Kawachi I. 2007. Does social capital enhance health and well-being? Evidence from rural China. Journal Social Science & Medicine: 35 – 49
The Coping Strategy and Subjective Well-Being of Indonesian Families amid the Covid-19 Pandemic Simanjuntak, Megawati; Muflikhati, Istiqlaliyah; Yuliati, Lilik Noor; Johan, Irni Rahmayani
Journal of Family Sciences Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Family Sciences
Publisher : Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jfs.v9i1.45200

Abstract

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, economic pressures have forced families to make various adjustments to maintain their well-being. This study investigated economic coping strategies and the subjective well-being of families during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1,125 families in Indonesia participated in an online survey using Google Forms and spoke through social media. The research shows that families experienced a decrease in income, which encouraged them to adopt various economic coping strategies. The coping strategy adopted was cutting expenses while increasing income, mainly by utilizing hobbies or skills. Income changes, education, poverty status, savings withdrawal, selling or pawn assets, asking for aid, and borrowing money significantly influenced subjective well-being. Differences in subjective well-being can be observed in economic status, education level, and changes in income. Changes in income and higher education positively affected subjective well-being. Poverty status also had a negative effect on subjective well-being negatively.
Strategi Pengendalian Stres pada Suami Pekerja Migran Indonesia Irzalinda, Vivi; Reviani, Nia; Silitonga, Mirdat; Puspitawati, Herien; Muflikhati, Istiqlaliyah
Policy Brief Pertanian, Kelautan, dan Biosains Tropika Vol 5 No 1 (2023): Policy Brief Pertanian, Kelautan dan Biosains Tropika
Publisher : Direktorat Kajian Strategis dan Reputasi Akademik IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/agro-maritim.0501.460-464

Abstract

Stres dikategorikan ketika tuntutan dan beban tugas yang berat dialami seseorang namun tidak dapat menyelesaikannya, sehingga akan berdampak negatif pada tubuh seseorang. Respons tubuh tersebut disebut respons fisiologis dan psikologis. Suami akan mengalami stres saat istri memutuskan menjadi TKI karena merasa pekerjaan yang biasanya dikerjakan oleh istri sekarang menjadi tanggung jawab suami. Perginya istri menjadi masalah yang berat bagi suami. Banyaknya beban yang ditanggung suami dapat mengakibatkan suami mengalami gejala stres. Pentingnya pengendalian stres suami TKI sebagai masukan program relevan kerjasama kementerian yaitu integrasi pendidikan komunitas pembangunan keluarga (community parenting), meningkatkan akses kesehatan mental dan terapi keluarga bagi suami TKI
Religiosity, Financial Vulnerability, Financial Behavior and Family Welfare in Families Receiving Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) Wahyuni, Fitri Ayu; Muflikhati, Istiqlaliyah; Johan, Irni Rahmayani
Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 19, No. 6 : Al Qalam (In Progress November 2025)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Al-Qur'an (STIQ) Amuntai Kalimantan Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35931/aq.v19i6.5685

Abstract

The government has made several efforts to reduce poverty, one of which is the provision of Direct Cash Transfer (BLT), which is expected to increase purchasing power and have an impact on increasing family welfare. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of religiosity, financial vulnerability and financial behaviour on family welfare in families receiving Direct Cash Transfer (DCT). This study adopted a quantitative approach using a convenience sampling technique with a total of 130 BLT recipient families as respondents. The study was conducted in Purwakarta Regency. The results showed that religiosity was in the high category, financial vulnerability was in the medium category, financial behaviour of BLT recipient families was in the low category, and family welfare was in the medium category. The results showed that family welfare is directly influenced by financial behaviour and financial vulnerability. Meanwhile, religiosity affects family welfare through financial behaviour. The results of this study show the importance of good financial behaviour for BLT recipients to improve family welfare and not depend on government assistance.
Co-Authors Ach. Haris Abdi Manaf Achmad Fahrudin Achmad Fahrudin Adam Sugiharto, Adam Adinda Wahyu Widhi Astuti Adzkiya, M.A. Zaim Agief Julio Pratama Akmalia, Laely Rahmawati Alfiasari Amelya Qois Nabillah Amirah, Nurul Angraini, Sylvianti Ani Wijirahayu, Ani Anindya Savira Anna Fatchiya Anna Fatchiya Arief Hendarto Azizah, Sheila Nur Budi Suharjo Bunga Ayu Lestari Chandra, Nirmala Eka Damayanti, Rahmi Defina Desy Purwayanti Dewi Sekar Mukhti Dewi, Siska Ayu Tiara Diah Krisnatuti Dinarwan *. Djuara P Lubis Dwi Hastuti Elmanora Elmanora Elmanora, - Erni Widyaningsih, Erni Ervina Aprianti Euis Sunarti Fadil Risdian Ansori Fathimah Zahroo Gatot Yulianto Gilar Cahya Nirmaya, Gilar Cahya Handian Purwawangsa Hanggrita, Elvindia Puja Hari Wijayanto Hartoyo Hartoyo Hartoyo Hartoyo Hazrina Rachmawati, Hazrina Herawati, Tin Heri Antoni Herien Puspitawati Indrawati Zuhara Ira Mustika Irni Rahmayani Johan Kumoro, Retno Leila Siti Chairani Lestari*, Indah Ria Lestari, Indah Ria Lilik Noor Yuliati Luvy Mayanda Lyra Majasoka Mahanani, Raditya Kasih Majasoka, Lyra Megawati Simanjuntak Melly Latifah Mentari Dwi Prihatiningrum Moh. Djemdjem Djamaludin Mohammad Iqbal Irfany Muhammad, Larastyan Yang Bogaan Nadia Aulia, Nadia Narni Farmayanti Neti Hernawati Ninik Sriyanti Novida Nurmayanti Nurhayati , Leti Nurul Salimah Oktavia Rattika Muladsih Oktriyanto Oktriyanto, Oktriyanto Pantas Angelia Pratiwi Ismayanti, Pratiwi Pudji Muljono Puspa Widya Utami Putri, Marietta Krisnaya Nandika Qodarian Pramukanto Rahayu, Ismie Leona Rahma Nur Praptiwi Rani Maulanasari Ranti Aisuka Rinjani Raysha Helau Wardhani, Raysha Helau Retnaningsih Retnaningsih Retnaningsih Retnaningsih Reviani, Nia Ria Oktaria, Ria Ridhoni Khoirul Anam Risda Rizkillah, Risda Ristya Primadi RIZA RIZA Robi Rizkianto, Robi Safitri, Ima Audina Samosir, Miracle Samuel Sari, Nova Nurmala Sari, Ririn Purnama Sari, Trisna Intan Savira, Anindya Setyasalma, Hani Silitonga, Mirdat Siroj, Eko Yuliarti Siti Maesaroh Sudirman Sudirman Susanti Kartikasari, Susanti Suwarto Syarifa , Rizka Tantri Ryanthi Tati Budiarti Tatie Soedewo Taufiiqoh, Maitsaa Rifdah Tin Herawati Tri Wulandari Henny Astuti, Tri Wulandari Henny Ujang Sumarwan Ulfi Urfillah, Ulfi Umu Rosidah Villa, Zifora Mujahidah Vivi Irzalinda Wahpiyudin, Cep Abdul Baasith Wahyuni, Fitri Ayu Wawan Okatriza Yatri I Kusumastuti Yulfa, Rahmi Yulianah Yulina Eva Riany Yulya Srinovita Zulfikar Zulfikar