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Filtration Method with Three Media Combinations to Improve Rainwater Quality as A Drinking Water Qori Nur Annisa; Prayudhy Yushananta; Bambang Murwanto
Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 7, No 3: September 2022
Publisher : Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (943.369 KB) | DOI: 10.30604/jika.v7i3.1235

Abstract

The high rate of population growth and industrialization impact increasing the need for clean water. Meanwhile, the quantity and quality of water are decreasing due to the exploitation of groundwater and industrial and domestic pollution. The utilization of rainwater is an alternative to sustainable water resources, but pollutants greatly influence its quality in the air. This study aims to improve the quality of rainwater as a source of drinking water by using the filtration method. The study used a completely randomized design with two replications. Three media were used (silica, zeolite, and activated carbon), and three thickness levels for each medium. Raw water is rainwater collected from the roofs of people's houses in industrial areas located by the sea, with the characteristics of dense population and heavy traffic. The water quality parameters observed were hardness, nitrite, nitrate, and sulfate. Water quality measurements were carried out before and after the experiment. The research has significantly proven that the combination of three media (silica, zeolite, and activated carbon) can improve the quality of rainwater on the parameters of hardness, nitrite, nitrate, and sulfate. The combination of the three media can reduce the value of hardness (37.9%), nitrite (73.18%), nitrate (61.32%), and sulfate (54.65%). The combination of thickness that is effective in reducing the values of the four parameters is 20 cm (silica), 40 cm (zeolite), and 40 cm (activated carbon). Overall, the parameters are in accordance with regulations. The filtration method with a combination of silica, zeolite, and activated carbon media effectively improve the chemical quality of rainwater so that it is suitable for consumption. However, the disinfection process needs to be carried out to eliminate microorganisms. Further research is needed to determine the saturation level of the filter media. Abstrak: Tingginya laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan industrialisasi berdampak pada meningkatnya kebutuhan akan air bersih. Sementara itu, kuantitas dan kualitas air semakin menurun akibat eksploitasi air tanah dan pencemaran industri dan domestik. Pemanfaatan air hujan merupakan salah satu alternatif sumber daya air yang berkelanjutan, namun kualitasnya sangat dipengaruhi polutan di udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas air hujan sebagai sumber air minum dengan menggunakan metode filtrasi. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan dua ulangan. Tiga media yang digunakan (silika, zeolit, dan karbon aktif), dan tiga tingkat ketebalan untuk setiap media. Air baku adalah air hujan yang ditampung dari atap rumah-rumah penduduk di kawasan industri yang terletak di tepi laut, dengan karakteristik padat penduduk dan padat lalu lintas. Parameter kualitas air yang diamati adalah kesadahan, nitrit, nitrat, dan sulfat. Pengukuran kualitas air dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah percobaan. Penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa kombinasi tiga media (silika, zeolit, dan karbon aktif) dapat meningkatkan kualitas air hujan pada parameter kesadahan, nitrit, nitrat, dan sulfat. Kombinasi ketiga media tersebut dapat menurunkan nilai kesadahan (37,9%), nitrit (73,18%), nitrat (61,32%), dan sulfat (54,65%). Kombinasi ketebalan yang efektif menurunkan nilai keempat parameter tersebut adalah 20 cm (silika), 40 cm (zeolit), dan 40 cm (karbon aktif). Secara keseluruhan, nilai parameter sesuai dengan regulasi. Metode filtrasi dengan kombinasi media silika, zeolit, dan karbon aktif efektif meningkatkan kualitas kimiawi air hujan sehingga layak untuk dikonsumsi. Namun, proses desinfeksi perlu dilakukan untuk menghilangkan mikroorganisme. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui tingkat kejenuhan media filter.
The social capital strengthening and its development alternatives of waste banks in Java Heru Subaris Kasjono; Bambang Suwerda; Sri Haryanti; Tengku Mohammad Ariff; Prayudhy Yushananta
Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 8, No 2: June 2023
Publisher : Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (840.232 KB) | DOI: 10.30604/jika.v8i2.1984

Abstract

The waste bank (WB) is a government program encouraging community participation in managing waste with social engineering principles. Since its establishment in 2008, only 5% of active customers remain. This study evaluates the management of WB sustainably and the most optimal future alternatives. The research is qualitative and quantitative with a sequential exploratory approach. Data from 35 WB in four provinces (East Java, Central Java, West Java, and DI Yogyakarta) involved 680 respondents. The data was analyzed using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to select the optimal alternative. This study found that the three main problems in WB management are institutional (community proactiveness, training, outreach, and capacity building), waste bank capital (triple helix, youth education, and communication forums), and marketing (old selling products, price fluctuations, and market access). Strengthening social capital-based institutions is the main topic of improvement and sustainability, especially networks and trust. The role of government, NGOs, and the community is needed to encourage the sustainability of the WB. The main strategy for solving the problem is strengthening social capital-based institutions, especially networking and value (trust, convenience, and relationships). Assistance is needed from the government or NGOs in managing WB by prioritizing institutional strengthening based on social capital. In addition, encourage all parties to develop an independent waste bank model with reinforcements, especially in institutions, capital, and marketing. Abstrak: Bank sampah merupakan program pemerintah untuk mendorong partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengelola sampah dengan prinsip rekayasa sosial. Sejak didirikan pada tahun 2008, saat ini hanya tersisa 5% nasabah yang aktif. Studi ini mengevaluasi pengelolaan bank sampah secara berkelanjutan dan alternatif masa depan yang paling optimal. Penelitian  bersifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksplorasi sequential. Penelitian bersifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksplorasi sequential. Data diperoleh dari 35 Bank Sampah di empat provinsi (Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Barat, dan DI Yogyakarta), dan melibatkan 680 responden. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan Analytic Network Process (ANP) dan Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) untuk memilih alternatif yang optimal. Studi ini menemukan bahwa tiga permasalahan utama pengelolaan bank sampah adalah kelembagaan (proaktif masyarakat, pelatihan, sosialisasi, dan peningkatan kapasitas), modal bank sampah (triple helix, forum komunikasi dan edukasi golongan muda), dan pemasaran (produk laku lama, fluktuasi harga dan akses pasar). Penguatan kelembagaan berbasis modal sosial menjadi topik utama perbaikan dan keberlanjutan, terutama jejaring dan kepercayaan. Peran pemerintah, LSM, dan masyarakat sangat diperlukan untuk mendorong keberlangsungan Bank Sampah. Strategi utama untuk menyelesaikan masalah adalah penguatan kelembagaan berbasis modal sosial, terutama aspek jaringan (networking) dan nilai (trust, convenience and relationships). Diperlukan pendampingan dari pemerintah atau LSM dalam pengelolaan bank sampah dengan mengutamakan penguatan kelembagaan yang berbasis modal sosial. Serta mendorong semua pihak untuk mengembangkan model bank sampah mandiri dengan penguatan-penguatan, terutama pada kelembagaan, permodalan dan pemasaran.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING KEKERUHAN DAN TDS BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS Putri, Galluh Cahyaning; Yushananta, Prayudhy
Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 18 No 4 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ikesma.v18i4.30510

Abstract

Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Way Rilau Kota Bandar Lampung mengolah air sungai Way Kuripan sebagai baku air bersih. Hingga saat ini, pemantauan kekeruhan dan padatan terlarut (TDS) air baku untuk menentukan dosis koagulan dalam pengolahan air masih dilakukan secara konvensional. Sementara, kualitas fisik air baku bersifat fluktuatif, terutama dipengaruhi curah hujan. Akibatnya, seringkali dosis tidak cukup untuk proses koagulasi/flokulasi sehingga air olahan masih keruh. Penelitian bertujuan membuat prototype alat pengukur kekeruhan dan TDS berbasis Internet of Things dengan sistem sensor. Alat dikembangkan menggunakan microcontroller ATMega-328P, sensor kekeruhan TS-300B, sensor TDS ESP-8266, dan modul SIM-800L V.2. Prinsip kerja alat dengan menangkap nilai kekeruhan dan TDS oleh sistem sensor, selanjutnya data diolah oleh microcontroller dan diteruskan melalui Modul SIM800L V.2 ke penerima (smartphone/PC) melalui jaringan internet. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi pada pengukuran kekeruhan (96,89%) dan TDS (97,55%). Analisis statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan hasil pengukuran antara prototype dengan alat ukur standar pada kedua parameter (p-value>0,05). Sedangkan kecepatan transfer data selama 30 detik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prototype mampu memberikan hasil pengukuran kekeruhan dan TDS secara valid, berbiaya murah, dan real time.
FAKTOR RISIKO KERACUNAN PESTISIDA PADA PETANI HORTIKULTURA DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT Yushananta, Prayudhy; Melinda, Nia; Mahendra, Arif; Ahyanti, Mei; Anggraini, Yetti
Ruwa Jurai: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung Karang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26630/rj.v14i1.2138

Abstract

Pesticide poisoning is still an important health problem in agricultural areas, especially horticultural agriculture. Various chronic health effects can be caused by long-term exposure to pesticides. This study aims to determine the risk factor of pesticide poisoning in horticultural farmers in West Lampung Regency.The study used a cross sectional design which was conducted in four different areas as the center of horticulture agriculture, West Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. The study involved 289 participants by interviewing, observing and examining blood samples to measure cholinesterase levels as an indicator of pesticide poisoning. In this section, we have applied research ethical procedures. The obtained data were analyzed using Chi squre test, Odds Ratio test and Logistic Regression.The results showed that the risk factors for pesticide poisoning were incomplete use of personal protected equipment (PPE), spraying with the wrong dose and spraying frequency. Unwearing a complete PPE had a 4.54 times (OR = 4.54; 95% CI 2.09-9.83) higher risk of experiencing pesticide poisoning, and statistically suggested, a very significant relationship (p = 0.0001). While the use of excessive dosage has a risk of 4.39 times (OR = 4.39; 95% CI 1.87-10.33; p = 0.001); and the frequency of spraying more than twice a week had a 2.33 times higher risk of experiencing pesticide poisoning (OR = 2.33; 95% CI 1.24-4.40; p = 0.009).Excessive use of pesticide dosage and the frequency of spraying with the cover blanked method are the main factors of pesticide exposure to farmers. On the other hand, the use of PPE is a method of protection from exposure. It needs joint efforts through increasing knowledge about the dangers of pesticides, pesticide management, how to work safely, and the use of PPE.
PENILAIAN RISIKO KERJA MENGGUNAKAN METODE HIRARC DI PT. SINAR LAUT INDAH NATAR LAMPUNG SELATAN Desianna, Dwi; Yushananta, Prayudhy
Ruwa Jurai: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung Karang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26630/rj.v14i1.2147

Abstract

PT Sinar Laut Indah is a concrete manufacturing plant that has a risk of occupational accidents and occupational diseases due to exposure to particulates, use of work tools, and work methods. The purpose of this research is to find out what are the dangers in a factory, to assess the risk (risk assessment) and risk control (risk control) at each work stage using the HIRARC method.The work risk assessment uses the HIRARC method, which consists of three stages of assessment, namely hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control. The research subjects were all activities in the paving block production section including tools, materials and work processes. Data collection was carried out by observing and measuring exposure, which was then standardized using two risk assessment parameters, namely probability/likelihood of hazard and severity of the hazard. Risk control is the final stage formulated based on the results of the risk assessment from the previous stage.The results of the study found 4 activities in the high category, mixing and stirring of materials, checking rolling boxes, paving blocks presseing, and cleaning the remaining material. The highest risk of occupational diseases is respiratory problems and skin or eye irritation during the mixing and stirring activities of the ingredients, as well as cleaning the remaining materials. Meanwhile, the highest risk of work-related accidents is in rolling box-checking activities.The use of the HIRARC method and the application of probability/likelihood of hazard and severity of hazard are good enough to assess the risk of occupational accidents and occupational diseases. Carrying out repair and maintenance of machines, determining danger zones, using personal protective equipment, and administrative controls are efforts that must be made to avoid risks due to work
RISIKO CEDERA MATA PADA PEKERJA INDUSTRI PIPA BAJA Bakara, Arnold Maruli; Ahyanti, Mei; Yushananta, Prayudhy
Ruwa Jurai: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung Karang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26630/rj.v14i1.2172

Abstract

An eye injury is a trauma to the eye that can result in damage to the eyeball, eyelids, eye nerves and orbital cavity. Eye injuries can occur due to work processes in various industries, especially in the metal industry. PT. Bakrie Pipe Industry (BPI) is a metal industry that produces steel pipes by changing steel plate sheets into pipe shapes. One of the risks of work accidents in the production process is eye injury due to exposure to particles/gram of iron during the cutting process. This study aims to determine the risk factors for eye injury in workers in the Production Department of PT. Bakrie Pipe Industries, Bekasi, West Java.This study used a cross-sectional design involving all workers in the Production Department as research subjects, as many as 36 people. Data collection was carried out by interview and observation, then the data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The risk factors assessed were age, knowledge, attitude, noise and personal protective equipment against eye injury.The results showed that the risk factors for eye injury were knowledge (OR = 280.00; p value = 0,000), age (OR = 61.75; p value = 0,000), noise (OR = 39.00; p value = 0,000). , and the use of PPE (OR = 17.00; p value = 0.001).Increasing workers' knowledge about work risks is an effort that must be continuously carried out to avoid eye injuries, in addition to the necessity of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and to carry out more intensive supervision. 
TINJAUAN FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS AIR PADA SISTEM RAIN WATER HARVESTING (RWH) Yushananta, Prayudhy
Ruwa Jurai: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung Karang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26630/rj.v15i1.2178

Abstract

The increase in population due to the birth rate has put pressure on meeting the water needs of the people. In 2050, the global demand for clean water is to meet the needs of 9.7 billion people. One of the strategies developed for sustainable water use is rainwater harvesting (RWH). From many reports, the RWH system can meet household water needs. However, it needs special attention from the quality aspect due to pollution. This paper presents the factors affecting water quality in the RWH system through three stages. The first stage is when rainfall clears pollutants in the air. In the second stage, the rain removes dirt and particles in the catchment area—the third, flushing dirt on pipes and storage tanks. Maintenance must be done to all parts of the RWH system periodically and must be treated and disinfection before being used as drinking water. 
EFEKTIVITAS DAUN ZODIA (Evodia suaveolens) SEBAGAI REPELLENT NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI Sudiarti, Made; Ahyanti, Mei; Yushananta, Prayudhy
Ruwa Jurai: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung Karang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26630/rj.v15i1.2190

Abstract

Dengue fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus through the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector. The use of repellents is an effort to prevent mosquito bites. One of the potential natural ingredients used as a repellent is zodia leaves (Evodia suaveolens) because they contain up to 46% linalool. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of the essential oil from zodia leaves as a repellent. The study was conducted on a laboratory scale following WHOPES recommendations. A total of 960 adult Ae.aegypti mosquitoes (aged 2-5 days) from the rearing process were used in this study. Five volunteers participated as probands. The essential oil is distilled from fresh azola leaves with 70% ethanol as solvent. The repellent lotion is made using an essential oil, lanolin, stearic acid, and other substance. The experiment used an arm-in-cage with two replication and 20 mosquitoes for each treatment. The concentrations tested were 1%, 2%, 3%, with 0% control. The number of mosquitoes that arrived was recorded after using the repellent for 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 minutes. The study found a significant effect of concentration (p-value <0.0001) and contact time (p-value <0.0001) on the number of mosquitoes that landed. Zodia leaf lotion (Evodia suaveolens) with a concentration of 3% can protect 50% up to 360 minutes after use. Further research is needed to get a concentration that can provide 95% protective power after 30 minutes of use and 90% after 360 minutes
EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG MAJA (Aegle marmelos L) TERHADAP KEMATIAN LARVA NYAMUK Anopheles sp. Pratama, Sinta Debi; Yushananta, Prayudhy
Ruwa Jurai: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung Karang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26630/rj.v15i2.2813

Abstract

Malaria is one of the public health problems that can cause death in infants, children under five, pregnant women and reduces work productivity. Vector control by chemical means leads to vector resistance and environmental pollution and negatively impacts public and animal health. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the bark extract of Maja (Aegle marmelos L) against the death of Anopheles sp mosquito larvae with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 50% and the observation of contact times every 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes and 120 minutes. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with Factorial. Extraction used maceration method, with 70% ethanol as solvent. Larvae of Anopheles sp. instar III obtained from malaria endemic area. The test used a 200 ml container, with two replications. All data were analyzed by two way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. This study obtained mortality of 93.3% larvae at a concentration of 50% and a contact time of 120 minutes. The results of statistical analysis showed a significant effect of concentration (p=0.0001), contact time (p=0.0001), and interaction concentration-contact time (p=0.004) on the mortality of Anopheles sp. mosquito larvae. This study has proven the use of bark extract of Maja (Aegle marmelos L) as an alternative bio-insecticide in controlling mosquito larvae of Anopheles sp.
EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius) SEBAGAI BIOLARVASIDA TERHADAP LARVA Culex Sp. Putri, Irma Novita Andini; Yushananta, Prayudhy
Ruwa Jurai: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung Karang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26630/rj.v15i3.3067

Abstract

Penggunaan pestisida kimia dapat menimbulkan efek toksik bagi manusia, lingkungan maupun serangga non target. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas ekstrak daun pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius) terhadap kematian larva Culex sp instar-III. Eksperimen menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap factorial dengan dua kali ulangan, pada empat level konsentrasi dan lima level waktu kontak. Larva dikembangkan dari daerah pemukiman melalui proses rearing dua tahap. Uji bioassay dilakukan pada setiap perlakuan sebanyak 25 ekor. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa konsentrasi bepengaruh terhadap kematian larva (p-value=0,000), demikian pula lama waktu kontak (p-value=0,003), serta interaksi konsentrasi dan waktu kontak (p-value = 0,00001). Konsentrasi menunjukkan asosiasi yang lebih kuat (88,3%) dibandingkan waktu kontak (75,3%) dan interaksi konsentrasi dan waktu kontak (78,5%). Nilai LC50 diperoleh sebesar 1,72%. Penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa ekstrak daun Pandanus amaryllifolius dapat digunakan sebagai biolarvasida terhadap larva Culex sp. Perlu penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terhadap serangga non target, bentuk sediaan ekstrak siap pakai, serta perbandingan dengan bioinsectisida lainnya.