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Journal : Biotropika

Optimization of Analysis Method on Total Phenol Content and Antioxidant Activity in Peel and Seeds of White Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Faisal; Ramadhan, Majida; Rafsanjani, Ramizard; Januarista, Terra
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.01.05

Abstract

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel and seeds are rich in bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics, which contribute significantly to their antioxidant properties. This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of white pomegranate peel and seed extracts. TPC was measured using theFolin–Ciocalteu method, while antioxidant activity was assessed via the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Maceration extraction was employed using a 1:1 ethanol–distilled water solvent system. The TPC values of the peel and seed extracts were 99.909 µg/g and 3.424 µg/g samples, respectively, indicating a substantially higher phenolic concentration in the peel. Antioxidant activity, expressed as IC50, was 17.361 ppm for the peel and 26.378 ppm for the seeds, categorizing both as possessing very strong antioxidant potential. The correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity reinforces the role of phenolics as key contributors to antioxidant activity. These results underscore the importance of selecting optimal extraction methods to enhance bioactive compound recovery. The strong antioxidant activity of both peel and seed extracts highlights their potential application as natural antioxidants in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Microbial Contaminants Evaluation of White Pomegranate Peel, Seeds, and Beetroot as Validation of Herbal Raw Material Quality Faisal, Faisal; Ramadhan, Majida; Rofiidah, Anisatul; Nirwana, Linggar
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.03.10

Abstract

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris) are recognized for their numerous health benefits, attributed to their bioactive. However, the use of natural ingredients as traditional medicine requires attention to microbiological safety, given the potential for contamination by pathogenic microbes. This study aims to analyze microbial contamination on the skin and seeds of white pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris). Samples were tested at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Islamic University of Malang using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method to count total microorganisms and qualitative tests to detect the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, such as Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus.  The results showed that the total microbes and mold/yeast for all samples were within the safe limits set by the Food and Drug Administration (BPOM). The highest TPC was found in white pomegranate peel extract (2,1x10? CFU/g), while the highest Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC) was found in white pomegranate seed extract (8,2x10? CFU/g). Although Salmonella sp. was not detected in all samples, Staphylococcus aureus was identified positively in white pomegranate seed extract. These findings underscore that, although the total microbial count is low, contamination by specific pathogens can occur, most likely during post-harvest handling. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus highlights the importance of implementing strict sanitation controls and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in the processing of herbal raw materials to ensure product safety.
Co-Authors Abdoes Sjakoer, Nour abdul wachid, abdul Achyar, Zhahrotun Khofifah Nur Ahmad Syauqi ahmad syauqi, ahmad Al Shofura, Nadya Raisa Aldina, Devana Rahma Amrullah, Kammal Nizam Amrullah, Kammal Nizam Amrullah Anggraeni, Agintha Silvya Anita Puspa Widiyana Ari Hayati Arianti, Leny Ardini Aziz, Achmad Qomarul Aziza, Nur Azizi, Rosita Imro’atul Badria, Shoimatul Umi Bawani, Elen Ayu Dewi, Lina Purnama Eka Fitriah, Eka Erna Sulistyowati Erna Susanti Faisal Faisal Faisal Faiza, Hilda Wahyu Fatmawati Fatmawati Febrianti, Dewi Retno Fitirah, Eka Gatra Ervi Jayanti Gemilang, Satria Hidayah, Ulfa Husain Latuconsina Husain, Muhammad Hafizh Ilfathoniyah, Aulia Innaya, Allinha Yusfin Jamilah, Zahrotul Januarista, Terra Jayanti, Angelina Khuluqiyyah, Wildhatu Dzati Fiqhul Kurniawati, Alvelin Bunga Ma'rifah, Shofia Jannatul Mahanem Mat Noor, Mahanem Mat Mahyantika, Seftya Mahyantika, Seftya Putri Mardhiyah, Mardhiyah Maulida, Hilda Jihan Maulidya, Sabrina Dita Ma’rifah, Shofia Jannatul Mudzakaroh, Luluk Muhammad Fahmi Hidayatullah Muzayyanah, Nana Nafisa Nafisa, Nafisa Nirwana, Linggar Nour Athiroh Abdoes Sjakoer Nuari, Afidah Fajar Nur Azizah Nur Azizah Nurul Jadid Mubarokati Paramitha, Armanda Bella Prasetyo, Doni Prasetyowati, Eka Pratiwi, Lidia Wahyu Putri, Nela Vede Rhofa Rafsanjani, Ramizard Rahmatullah, Muhammad Ali Rahmawati, Rizka Dwi Ramadhani, Lailatul Ramadhani, Mieta Widya Ratna Djuniwati Lisminingsih Rofiidah, Anisatul Rofiq, Muhammad Fadlan Rolita, Ninda Norma Safitri, Dewi Astriana Salamah, Forrela Zahwa Salsabillah, Salma Savana, Amartya Gesit Seftya Putri Mahyantika Siti Aminah Sri Wahyuni Tresna, Adira Tatus Wahidah, Shinta Nuriyah Wati, Dwi Kartika Widyaningrum, Ike Wulandari, Dian Novita Wulandari, Rossa Martha Yaqin, Ngainul Yuana, Hera Yudi Purnomo Zaki, Siti Muzakiyah