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Ebola Virus Disease: A Deadly Hemorrhagic Fever Akram, Muhammad; Mahmood, Abid; Umaru, Isaac John; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5481

Abstract

The West African pandemic of 2014–2016 exposed the catastrophic effects of inadequate health systems and delayed responses, serving as a wake-up call for the international community. The Zaire virus is the most virulent of the six known Ebolavirus types and has caused the majority of human outbreaks, including the historic West African epidemic that lasted from 2014 to 2016. Depending on the virus type, host characteristics, and the availability of palliative care, Ebola can have high case fatality rates of over 50%. The potential for quick transmission, high mortality, and severe social and economic disruptions makes EVD a serious public health concern. It is believed that the Ebola virus starts in a zoonotic reservoir, most likely animals. Once in the human population, the virus is disseminated via direct contact with contaminated fomites and people. If proper infection prevention and control procedures are not implemented, family members, caregivers, and healthcare personnel are especially vulnerable. EVD manifests as a generic febrile disease that includes abrupt onset of fever, tiredness, headache, sore throat, and muscular discomfort after This is frequently followed by rash, diarrhea, vomiting, and worsening renal and liver function. Viral RNA can be found using RT-PCR, antigen capture assays, or virus isolation from blood or other clinical specimens to confirm the diagnosis. Early case identification and isolation, contact tracking, and quarantining exposed persons are essential for outbreak containment because of its high contagiousness and quick spread. The main goals of supportive treatment are electrolyte balance, fluid replenishment, and problem-solving. With the discovery of vaccinations, EVD prevention has greatly improved. Due to its excellent effectiveness, the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine (Ervebo), a recombinant live attenuated vaccine based on the vesicular stomatitis virus, is being utilized in ring vaccination techniques during epidemics. One of the main pillars of responses to recent outbreaks is the vaccination of frontline staff and high-risk contacts.
Determination of Some Common Zoonotic Diseases Among Vulnerable Communities in an Africa Country Umaru, Isaac John; Emmanuel, Okoli
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5482

Abstract

This study investigated the determinants of zoonotic diseases in vulnerable communities in Africa with clear example of Ghana, focusing on the Ashanti and Northern regions. A cross-sectional study design was employed, using quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to assess socio-demographic factors, knowledge, cultural beliefs, hygiene practices, and healthcare access among 846 households. The findings rsevealed differences in zoonotic disease dynamics between the regions. The Ashanti region exhibited higher awareness of zoonotic diseases (39%) compared to the Northern region (29%), while the Northern region showed a higher prevalence of risky practices such as bush meat consumption and free-roaming livestock. Both regions struggled with poor sanitation and limited healthcare access, with open defecation being more prevalent in the Northern Region (42%) than in the Ashanti Region (27%). Misconceptions about disease causation and reliance on traditional healers were also more pronounced in the Northern Region. The study highlights the need for multi-sectoral interventions, including targeted education, healthcare improvements, and culturally sensitive strategies, to mitigate the burden of zoonotic diseases in these communities, with regional differences informing targeted approaches. Ultimately, the study successfully identified key determinants of zoonotic diseases in the Ashanti and Northern regions, thereby achieving its aims and objectives.
Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Annona senegalensis on Haematological Profile in Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Philemon, Panah; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Omolara, Mosugu Ovayoza; Okang, Ogar Fonne; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Philip, Shadrach; Frank, Otashu Kenneth
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i3.7364

Abstract

Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and is frequently associated with hematological complications such as anemia and impaired blood clotting. This study evaluated the hematoprotective effects of methanol stem-bark extract of Annona senegalensis in rats with diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC. Fifty-four male rats were allocated into six groups: a normal control group, a DEN-induced group without treatment, a positive control group treated with silymarin, and three treatment groups administered varying doses of A. senegalensis extract. Hematological parameters assessed included red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), white blood cells (WBC), hematocrit (HCT), and platelets (PLT). DEN induction significantly reduced RBC, HGB, and PLT levels, indicating anemia and coagulation impairment. Treatment with A. senegalensis, particularly at 400 mg/kg, markedly improved these hematological indices, suggesting a restorative effect on blood parameters. The protective role of the extract may be attributed to its bioactive constituents, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings suggest that A. senegalensis possesses promising hematoprotective potential in the management of blood-related complications associated with liver cancer. Further research, including mechanistic studies and clinical trials, is warranted to validate its safety and therapeutic efficacy in humans.
Estrogenic-Like Potential of Aqueous Extract of Soursop and Johar Leaf Extract (Annona muricata) on MCF-7 and NIH-3T3 Cells Umaru, Isaac John; Tiimob, Gideon Likida; Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle; Oteng, Joseph
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i1.7894

Abstract

Annona muricata (soursop) is a tropical plant widely recognized for its pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and hormonal regulatory effects. This study examines the estrogenic-like potential of aqueous leaf extracts of A. muricata and Siamese senna (Johar) on estrogen receptor-positive human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7). A series of in vitro assays—including cell viability analysis, morphological assessment, and estrogen receptor expression profiling—were conducted to evaluate the bioactivity of the extracts. Results indicate that the A. muricata extract exerts a dose-dependent proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, consistent with estrogenic activity. These findings suggest that A. muricata may act as a phytoestrogen, with potential applications in hormone-related therapeutic interventions. Further research is recommended to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its estrogenic effects and to assess its safety and efficacy in vivo, particularly in the context of hormone-sensitive cancers.
Evaluating Environmental and Public Health Hazards of Urban Flooding: Clinical Consequences and Considerations Umaru, Isaac John; Asare, Solomon Ossom; Umogbai, Debora Akinola; Olayemi, Abimbola Gbenga; Chukwudi, Emmanuel Eluu
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i1.8025

Abstract

Urban flooding poses a significant threat to environmental integrity and public health, particularly in rapidly expanding regions of Nigeria. This study evaluates the environmental contamination, clinical consequences, and psychosocial impacts of urban flooding across six districts—Gwarinpa, Lokogoma, and Lugbe in Abuja, and Yola North, Demsa, and Numan in Adamawa State—selected for their history of seasonal flooding, population density, and strategic urban importance. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining environmental sampling, clinical data collection, and household surveys. Water and soil samples were analyzed for microbial contamination (E. coli), pH, turbidity, and heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium) in line with WHO standards, while clinical data from health facilities were used to assess the prevalence of flood-related illnesses, including diarrhea, skin infections, and respiratory symptoms. Mental health outcomes were evaluated through structured surveys administered to 300 residents, focusing on anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results revealed elevated levels of E. coli and heavy metals in flood-affected zones, with Lokogoma and Yola North recording the highest contamination, and these districts also reporting the highest incidence of waterborne diseases and respiratory conditions. Mental health symptoms were prevalent across all districts, with more than 50% of respondents in Lokogoma and Demsa reporting signs of anxiety and PTSD, while healthcare facilities in Lugbe and Numan experienced disruptions in chronic disease management and medication access, underscoring systemic vulnerabilities. In conclusion, urban flooding in Abuja and Adamawa has profound environmental and public health implications, and the findings highlight the need for integrated flood management strategies, including infrastructure upgrades, environmental monitoring, healthcare system strengthening, and mental health integration. Tailored interventions across these districts are essential to mitigate future risks and build community resilience in the face of climate-induced disasters.
Public Knowledge, Attitude And Acceptability of COVID-19 Vaccine among Traders in Wuse Market Abuja: A Cross-Sectional Study Akafa, Tensaba Andes; Oladele, Gloria Omonefe; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Akafa, Vika Tensaba; David, Izam Emmanuel; Ujah, Oche Williams; John, Tongle Nanle; Nanmar, Chakfa; Tyem, Lawal Danjuma; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v1i1.3976

Abstract

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on public health has been unpleasant. Vaccination is a critical measure to decrease COVID-19 economic loss and public health burden. This is very helpful to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The process of halting COVID-19 solely depends on population uptake of the vaccination process and the adoption of non-pharmacological measures. This in turn relies on the public willingness to get vaccinated. The public acceptability of this vaccination is further determined by the level of knowledge and trust in currently available COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the findings of public knowledge, attitude, and acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines among traders in Wuse Market Abuja. A cross-sectional study was conducted among different traders in the Abuja Wuse Market to assess their knowledge, attitude and level of acceptability toward COVID-19 vaccinations using a self-administered survey questionnaire with the following four sections; socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge assessment questions, attitude assessment, and acceptability questions. A total of 166 participants completed the questionnaire. The knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccinations among the study participants was high with 143(86%) respondents stating that they knew about COVID-19 vaccinations. Among the traders that participated, 74(44.36%) believed that vaccines are safe and 109 (66.02%) agreed that vaccines are critical to protect the public from COVID-19 infection. But only, 45 (27.4%) accept to receive the vaccine. Participants’ attitudes, knowledge, and level of acceptability were significantly affected by age, gender, education level, and marital status (P <0.001). Our findings suggest that there is good knowledge and attitude toward the vaccination process against COVID-19 among study participants in spite of low acceptability. Awareness campaigns are therefore necessary to disseminate reliable knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines and demystify the COVID-19 conspiracy theory in order to raise the level of vaccination acceptance.
Angiogenesis and Microcirculation in Ischemic Heart Disease Akram, Muhammad; Ghazwani, Eisa Yazeed; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v1i1.4013

Abstract

Angiogenesis among the functional organ systems, the cardiovascular system is the paramount appearing system in the development of vertebrate embryo. However, different epigenetic and genetic mechanisms play important role in the development of vascular organ system. During embryonic life, the blood capillaries from endothelial tissues differentiate from mesodermal cells in the form of vasculo-genesis. Alteration of primary blood vessels into supplementary vascular system is believed to happen through a process known as angiogenesis. The process of angiogenesis happens naturally during pregnancy, wound healing, female menstrual cycle and important in tissue growth and repair. Different pathological conditions like diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cutaneous complications, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, rheumatoid arthritis and age-related macular degeneration are considered by excessive angiogenesis in which vessels grow in unmannered and unrestricted pattern.
Assessment of Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity of Leaf Extract of Morinda Citrifolia Umaru, Isaac John; Yuguda, Ismail Yunusa; Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Abdulrasheed, Lubabatu; Akafa, Tensaba Andes; Okwori, Ameh Godwin
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i1.4593

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus infection remains a global health problem, it is a leading cause of liver disease and a possible worldwide source of severe morbidity and mortality. The current standard therapy using interferons or antiviral agents is not successful in all cases and is associated with severe side effects. Consequently, the development of new medicines for the treatment of HBV is still relevant. This experimental study was therefore performed to assess the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) potential of Leaf extract of Morinda citrifolia. The methanolic extracts of the Leaf extract of Morinda citrifolia first assessed for cytotoxicity on HepG2.2.15 cells and cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) values were resolved. The methanolic extracts of the Leaf extract of Morinda citrifolia was additionally examined on HepG2.2.15 cells for anti-HBV potential by examining the inhibition of HBsAg and HBeAg production in the culture supernatants, and calculating their half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) and therapeutic index (TI) values. Out of four concentration only three exhibit inhibition of HBsAg production in an increasing dose and time dependent manner. These four concentrations are 100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, 300 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL, with IC50 values of 21.15, 24.51, 118.94, 17.65, 20.93 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the presence of terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids that could contribute to antiviral efficacy was validated with a qualitative phytochemical study of active extracts.
Antihypertensive Effects of Ethanol Stem-Bark Extract of Morinda Citrifolia in Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Okwori, Ameh Godwin; Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew; Abdulrasheed, Lubabatu; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Akafa, Tensaba Andes
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i1.4594

Abstract

The medical term used for blood pressure is Hypertension (HTN). Hypertension is a common problem faced by most people today. The leading danger for many diseases such as CVD (cardiovascular) disorder and stroke is high blood pressure. Major diseases like CHF (congestive heart failure), renal disease and blindness can also be caused by HTN. Awareness of plant-based medication therapeutics is continuously increasing day by day. Morinda citrifolia L (Noni) has been used in folk remedies by Polynesians for over 2000 years, and is reported to have a broad range of therapeutic effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hypotensive potential of Morinda citrifolia L (Noni) (Family: Rubiaceae) in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. Methods: Aqueous-methanol (70:30) extract of Morinda citrifolia L stem-bark extract at doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg was evaluated for its effect on blood pressure and heart rate using non-invasive blood pressure measuring apparatus. After initial screening, 100 mg/kg dose that produced a maximum effect was selected for the antihypertensive study. Median lethal dose (LD50) and sub-chronic toxicity of the extract were also determined. Various biochemical parameters and organ weight were measured using standard procedures. Results: The extract produced a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate of normotensive rats at all test doses with maximum effect at 100 mg/kg. Similarly, a significant antihypertensive and negative chronotropic effect was observed in both hypertensive models. LD50 of the extract was 200 mg/kg in mice. The extract also exhibited a reduction (p < 0.05) in serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels while a significant (p < 0.05) increase in high density lipoproteins (HDL) level was observed. Conclusion: It seems that the aqueous-methanol stem-bark extract of Morinda citrifolia L possesses active compounds which may be responsible for the antihypertensive and negative chronotropic effects in rats.
Assessment of HIV 1 GP120/CD4 Binding Inhibition Potential of Methanolic Extracts of Achyranthes Aspera Leaves Umaru, Isaac John; Akafa, Tensaba Andes; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew; Oteng, Joseph; Utioukpan, Ashaka Fidelis; Mijinyawa, Aboki Nwunuji; Akam, Odok Endurance; Ekup, Ogholo Ogholo
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5184

Abstract

Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae) is an important medicinal herb found as a weed throughout Nigeria. Though almost all of its parts are used in traditional systems of medicines, leaves, seeds, roots and shoots are the most important parts which are used medicinally. The present article gives an account of updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological properties. The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still contributing significantly in morbidities and mortalities in the world today. The drugs normally used to treat the infection are costly, toxic, and less effective due to resistance by HIV. Thus, the assessment of gp120-CD4 binding inhibition potential of Achyranthes aspera leaves extract was conducted using gp120-CD4 capture ELISA kits. Aqueous, methanol, and petroleum ether extracts were prepared at 1000, 500 and 250 μg/ml and tested for gp120-CD4 binding inhibition. Sub-cute toxicity assay was done using albino rats; Biochemical parameters including alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as bilirubin for liver and urea, electrolytes and creatinine for kidney functions were evaluated. The results of the effect of crude aqueous, methanol and petroleum ether Achyranthes aspera leaves extract against gp120-CD4 showed inhibition ranging from 1.4 – 17.2 %. with 1000 μg/ml showing highest percentage of inhibition. There was no significant difference (P = 0.862) in terms of percentage inhibition between the three concentrations tested. Methanol extract demonstrated the highest percentage inhibition of gp120-CD4 bindings (17.2 %). No significant difference (P = 0.124) between the three extracts against gp-120-CD4 bindings was observed. The results of the sub-acute toxicity study have shown that, there were no physical changes in animals treated with 500 mg/kg of all the extracts. The result of liver function test revealed that, ALT, AST and ALP were within the normal range (12U/L) for both the high and low concentrations of the extracts including the control. Also result for total protein, albumin, globulin for the test albino rats and that of the control rat were found to be within the normal range 5.1-6.1, 4.2-5.3, and 3.1-3.8 g/dl respectively. For serum electrolyte level, sodium and potassium ions for the various concentrations of the extracts tested and control were also found to be within normal range. The result of kidney function test revealed that, urea, creatinine and direct and total bilirubin of the rats tested and control were all found to be within normal range. In conclusion, ether Achyranthes aspera leaves extract possessed some levels of HIV-1 gp120-CD4 binding inhibition potentials and the extracts was found to be non-toxic at 250 and 500mg/ kg body weight. It can be recommended that, the bioactive compounds should therefore be isolated and tested for gp120-CD4 binding inhibition activity.
Co-Authors A, Ajala-Lawal R. A, Arowora K. A., Arowora K. Abah, Moses Adondua Abbas, Khalid Yahuza Abbas, Sabahat Abdulghafoor, Hind A. Abdulkadir, Nurudeen Umar Abdulrasheed, Lubabatu Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa Absalom, Augustine Abu, Michael S. Abu, Michael Sunday Acha, Ozzioma Praise Adam, Habiba Idris Adam, Idris Habiba Adams, Idris Habiba Adamu, Usman Lukman Adebisi, Arowora Kayode Adeseye, Abdullahi Sa’adu Adi, Godwin Baaku Agaba, Eric Agim Agwu, James Eneji Ahmed, Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmed, Maryam Usman Ahmed, Misbah Aisami, Abubakar Akafa, Andes Tensaba Akafa, Tensaba Andes Akafa, Vika Tensaba Akam, Odok Endurance Akem, Ingwu Joseph Akem3, Ingwu Joseph Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammad Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed Ale, Ebenezer Morayo Ali, , Jaouher Ben Ali, Jaouher Ben Aliyu, Sulaiman Abubakar Alooma, Emmanuel Amen, Ananias Ametefe, Mathias Mawuli Amofa, Gift Amuda, A. J. Andeuka, Useni Ajiya Asare, Solomon O. Asare, Solomon Ossom Aslam, Muhammad Tayyab Aslam, Nosheen Asuelimen, Steve Osagie Audu, Anthony Mishara Audu, Jankada Patience Ayara, Charles Ayi, Atsu Ayo, Victoria Ifeoluwa Bafai, Favour Joel Baig, Muhammad Haris Bando, David Christopher Bappa, Lipana Dorcas Benjamin, Wisdom L. Bobie, Shelter Agbeko Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye C, Ugwuoke Kenneth Chikata, Ezugwu Hilary Chinedu, Imo Chinonso, Anih David Chishti, Abdul Wadood Chisom, Gabriel Favour Chuanu, Solomon Chukwudi, Emmanuel Eluu Dambazau, Zainab Bello Daniel, Benjamin Nanisi Danjuma, Janya Danjuma, Tyem Lawal Dauda, Mai-anguwa Abdulrashid Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrashid Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid David, Bando Christopher David, Izam Emmanuel Dooshima, Arowora Mercy Efongwa, Emmanuel Efoseh, Danlami Ejeh, Yakubu Ojochenemi Ekpo, Fidelis Okii Ekubnse, Nkiri Annasthesia Ekunyi, Agbo Chibuike Ekup, Ogholo Ogholo Emmanuel, Okoli Emochone, Roy Yohanna Enang, Kingsley Bassey Enyojo, Lawal Favour Esseyi, Chabunda Endashi Essien, Inemesit Samuel Ezeonu, Chukuma Stephen Frank, Otashu Kenneth Galam, Nanyak Zingfa Gbadebo, Adetoyi Moses Ghazwani, Eisa Yazeed Goje, Lazaru Joseph Grace, Onwubiko N. Gyasi, Prince Kwadwo Habibu, Bilyaminu Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair Hassan, Okrah George Henry, Onwubiko A. Iftikhar, Momina Iheanacho, Chinedu Christian Ijeomah, Nkechi Gift Ikira, Usman Innocent, Nwofor Ipav, Selumun Solomon Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko Ismail, Muhammad Zuhairah Istifanus, Dafup Kadel Istifanus, Dafup Katdel Jabir, Abdulmumin Jack, Precious Chioma Jacob, Mathew Janya, Danjuma Javed, Amna Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde Joel, Emmanuel Askebnde John, Artu Ishishen John, Omachi Blessing John, Tongle Nanle Johnson, Joanna Afariba Joseph, Ikwebe Joseph, Iornenge Terungwa Kayode, Arowora Khan, Alam Afroz Urooj Khan, Fahad Said Kingsly, Iseko Iyoko Konka, Daniel Laila, Umme Madaki, Kanati Mafe, Alice Njolke Mahmood, Abid Maianguwa, dulrashid Dauda Makanjuola, Victor Malantso, Jackson Soyinka Maqbool, Tahmina Marvelous, Solomon Godiya Matilda, Manasseh Ilumunter Mchibuma, Jibaniya Grace Melvin, Ugwuala Chimaobi Mijinyawa, Aboki Nwunuji Mijinyawa, Ibrahim Jamilat Mohammed, Ikrimah Usman Mohammed, Rashida Ismail Mona, Etah Hope Morayo, Ale Ebenezer Morgan, Akpan Usenobong Morolake, Olabanji Martina Moses, Iyekekpolor Osamudiame Muhammad Abdullah Muhammad Akram Muhammad, Muhammad Bashir Mustapha, Musa Azegya Najeeb, Aliyu Olamilekan Namuma, Shitta Nasisi Nanmar, Chakfa Ngabea, Nasiru Audu Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew Ngbede, Ocheifa Matthew O, Mosugu O. Odufa, Egbeadumah Maryanne Ogochukwu, Edom Favour Okang, Ogar Fonne Oko, John Odiba Okoli, Emmanuel Chikodiri Okwori, Ameh Godwin Oladele, Gloria Omonefe Oladimeji, Oluwasegun M. Olawale, Otitoju Olawale, Otitujo Olayemi, Abimbola Gbenga Olayeni, Abimbola Gbenga Oluwabunmi, Adeseye Helen Oluwabunmi, Helen Oluwale, Otitoju Omanchi, Emmanuel Omolara, Mosugu Ovayoza Onyindia, Agbo Christiana Onyinyechi, Nwachukwu Favour Oteng, Joseph Otitoju, Olawale Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu Ozdemi, Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet Peter, Danladi Mbosire Peter, Prosper Uneju Philemon, Panah Philip, Shadrach Rashid, Abid Rebecca, Tsokwa Punarimam Rehman, Urooj S, Ezeonu C. Sadia, Haleema Salman, Julius Ishaya Shadrach, Katchim Evelyn Shadrach, Philip Shahid, Isbah Shaibu, Isaac Eleojo Sheneni, Victor Duniya Shenia, Zephaniah Hananiah Siddan, Ahmad Alhassan Sirina, Bakari Genevieve Sołowski, Gaweł Sule, Josephine Maina Sunday, Abu Michael Sunday, James Agbu Talent, Akoh Miracle Tansaba, Akafa Andes Tensaba, Akafa Andes Tiimob, Gideon Likida Timothy, Mgbede Tyem, Lawal Danjuma Uchechukwu, Ukoh Daniel Udoh, Mary Athanasius Uduak, Peter Ise Ugbedeojo, Sule John Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen Ujah, Oche Williams Ujah, Williams Oche Umahi, David Umar, Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru, Hauwa A. Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru, Kerenhapucch Isaac Umogbai, Debora Akinola Utioukpan, Ashaka Fidelis Williams, Queen Uyo Wilson, Ubur Terzulum Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle Yakubu, Kaka Garpiya Yakubu, Ojochenemi E. Yakubu, Ojochenemi Ejeh Yeboah, Genevieve A. Yeboah, Genevieve Akpah Yemisi, Adeyanju Kate Yuguda, Ismail Yunusa Yusuf, Obadiah Saveni Yusufu, Dawoye Zinas, Simon Teza