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All Journal Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Open Access DRIVERset Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Open Access DRIVERset Kwaghe International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Religious Studies African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Umaru, Isaac John
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Neuroprotective Effects of Cloves on Albino Rats Induced with Mercury Umaru, Isaac John; O, Mosugu O.; Asare, Solomon Ossom; Sirina, Bakari Genevieve; Bobie, Shelter Agbeko; Ayi, Atsu
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.7893

Abstract

This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of clove (Syzygium aromaticum, CV) in albino rats exposed to mercury chloride (MC), utilizing a diabetic rat model to investigate both neurological and immunological responses. Clove is known for its potent antioxidant properties, with applications spanning the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and agricultural sectors. Mercury chloride, a recognized neurotoxin, is commonly ingested through carbohydrate-rich foods subjected to high-temperature processing. The experimental design included five groups: Group I (Control: corn flour diet), Group II (MC-treated: 20 mg/kg body weight), Group III (CV-treated: 200 mg/kg BW), Group IV (CV 100 mg/kg BW + MC 20 mg/kg BW), and Group V (CV 200 mg/kg BW + ascorbic acid 20 mg/kg BW), with treatments administered over 21 days. MC exposure induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in brain tissue, evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathological degeneration in the hippocampal MA3 region and granular layer (HL). Clove administration significantly mitigated these effects by increasing glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, reducing MDA concentrations, lowering gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and elevating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, thereby restoring biochemical parameters toward normal levels. Histological findings further confirmed the protective effect of clove against MC-induced neuronal damage. These results suggest that clove confers neuroprotection through its antioxidative and neurochemical modulation properties, highlighting its potential therapeutic value in preventing heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity.
A Study to Determine the Incidence of Drug Abuse Among Students of Tertiary Institutions. A Case Study Wukari Umaru, Isaac John; Asare, Solomon Ossom; Omanchi, Emmanuel; Umogbai, Debora Akinola; Olayemi, Abimbola Gbenga; Dambazau, Zainab Bello; Chukwudi, Emmanuel Eluu; Jack, Precious Chioma
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.8024

Abstract

This study explores the incidence, patterns, and consequences of drug abuse among students in tertiary institutions in Taraba State, Nigeria, using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative survey data revealed that 28.4% of students had engaged in drug use, with alcohol (64.8%), cannabis (45.1%), and tramadol identified as the most commonly abused substances. Qualitative insights from focus group discussions and key informant interviews highlighted the social dynamics, institutional gaps, and cultural factors shaping substance use, with male students aged 21–25 and those living off-campus emerging as the most vulnerable demographic, while covert drug use among female students was linked to peer and romantic influences. Peer pressure, academic stress, and curiosity were reported as primary motivators, and hostel environments were found to foster experimentation. Drug abuse was associated with academic decline, mental health problems—including anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation—and low utilization of counseling services, whereas institutional responses were characterized by limited drug education, weak enforcement, and poor awareness of available support systems. The study underscores the urgent need for integrated prevention strategies, peer-led interventions, and enhanced mental health services to address this growing public health concern.
Phytochemical, Nutraceutical Profiles and Potential of Soursop Leaf Extract (Annona muricata) on Bacterial Meningitis Umaru, Isaac John; Danjuma, Tyem Lawal; Shadrach, Katchim Evelyn; Salman, Julius Ishaya; Mchibuma, Jibaniya Grace; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.8300

Abstract

The rise of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens has intensified the search for alternative antimicrobial agents. Annona muricata (soursop), a tropical medicinal plant, has demonstrated promising antibacterial properties attributed to its rich phytochemical profile. However, the mechanistic basis of its antibacterial action remains underexplored. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the mechanistic effects of A. muricata leaf extract on key bacterial targets, including cell wall integrity, membrane permeability, protein leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA fragmentation, and quorum sensing interference, using E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa as representative strains. Materials and Methods: Fresh A. muricata leaves were extracted using ethanol and tested at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. Bacterial cultures were subjected to six mechanistic assays: crystal violet staining for cell wall integrity, propidium iodide and NPN fluorescence for membrane permeability, SDS-PAGE for protein synthesis inhibition, Bradford assay for protein leakage, DCFH-DA assay for ROS generation, and violacein quantification using the CV026 biosensor for quorum sensing interference. Ciprofloxacin served as a positive control, and untreated cultures served as a negative control. Results: The extract caused significant cell wall disruption (62.4%), comparable to ciprofloxacin (75.6%). Membrane permeability increased markedly, with PI and NPN fluorescence levels reaching 60–80% across strains. Protein leakage was elevated, with extracellular protein concentrations ranging from 25–30 µg/mL. SDS-PAGE revealed a 48.3–52.7% reduction in protein bands, indicating inhibition of protein synthesis. ROS levels surged to 8,000–9,500 RFU in treated samples, suggesting oxidative stress. DNA integrity scores dropped to 1–2, confirming genotoxic effects. Quorum sensing was inhibited by 68.9%, reducing violacein production and potential virulence. Conclusion: Annona muricata leaf extract exhibits potent antibacterial activity through multiple mechanisms, including structural disruption, metabolic interference, and oxidative damage. Its efficacy, comparable to ciprofloxacin in several assays, highlights its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. These findings support further investigation into its bioactive compounds and therapeutic applications in combating resistant bacterial infections.
Co-Authors A, Ajala-Lawal R. A, Arowora K. A., Arowora K. Abah, Moses Adondua Abbas, Khalid Yahuza Abbas, Sabahat Abdulghafoor, Hind A. Abdulkadir, Nurudeen Umar Abdulrasheed, Lubabatu Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa Absalom, Augustine Abu, Michael S. Abu, Michael Sunday Acha, Ozzioma Praise Adam, Habiba Idris Adam, Idris Habiba Adams, Idris Habiba Adamu, Usman Lukman Adebisi, Arowora Kayode Adeseye, Abdullahi Sa’adu Adi, Godwin Baaku Agaba, Eric Agim Agwu, James Eneji Ahmed, Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmed, Maryam Usman Ahmed, Misbah Aisami, Abubakar Akafa, Andes Tensaba Akafa, Tensaba Andes Akafa, Vika Tensaba Akam, Odok Endurance Akem, Ingwu Joseph Akem3, Ingwu Joseph Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammad Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed Ale, Ebenezer Morayo Ali, , Jaouher Ben Ali, Jaouher Ben Aliyu, Sulaiman Abubakar Alooma, Emmanuel Amen, Ananias Ametefe, Mathias Mawuli Amofa, Gift Amuda, A. J. Andeuka, Useni Ajiya Asare, Solomon O. Asare, Solomon Ossom Aslam, Muhammad Tayyab Aslam, Nosheen Asuelimen, Steve Osagie Audu, Anthony Mishara Audu, Jankada Patience Ayara, Charles Ayi, Atsu Ayo, Victoria Ifeoluwa Bafai, Favour Joel Baig, Muhammad Haris Bando, David Christopher Bappa, Lipana Dorcas Benjamin, Wisdom L. Bobie, Shelter Agbeko Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye C, Ugwuoke Kenneth Chikata, Ezugwu Hilary Chinedu, Imo Chinonso, Anih David Chishti, Abdul Wadood Chisom, Gabriel Favour Chuanu, Solomon Chukwudi, Emmanuel Eluu Dambazau, Zainab Bello Daniel, Benjamin Nanisi Danjuma, Janya Danjuma, Tyem Lawal Dauda, Mai-anguwa Abdulrashid Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrashid Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid David, Bando Christopher David, Izam Emmanuel Dooshima, Arowora Mercy Efongwa, Emmanuel Efoseh, Danlami Ejeh, Yakubu Ojochenemi Ekpo, Fidelis Okii Ekubnse, Nkiri Annasthesia Ekunyi, Agbo Chibuike Ekup, Ogholo Ogholo Emmanuel, Okoli Emochone, Roy Yohanna Enang, Kingsley Bassey Enyojo, Lawal Favour Esseyi, Chabunda Endashi Essien, Inemesit Samuel Ezeonu, Chukuma Stephen Frank, Otashu Kenneth Galam, Nanyak Zingfa Gbadebo, Adetoyi Moses Ghazwani, Eisa Yazeed Goje, Lazaru Joseph Grace, Onwubiko N. Gyasi, Prince Kwadwo Habibu, Bilyaminu Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair Hassan, Okrah George Henry, Onwubiko A. Iftikhar, Momina Iheanacho, Chinedu Christian Ijeomah, Nkechi Gift Ikira, Usman Innocent, Nwofor Ipav, Selumun Solomon Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko Ismail, Muhammad Zuhairah Istifanus, Dafup Kadel Istifanus, Dafup Katdel Jabir, Abdulmumin Jack, Precious Chioma Jacob, Mathew Janya, Danjuma Javed, Amna Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde Joel, Emmanuel Askebnde John, Artu Ishishen John, Omachi Blessing John, Tongle Nanle Johnson, Joanna Afariba Joseph, Ikwebe Joseph, Iornenge Terungwa Kayode, Arowora Khan, Alam Afroz Urooj Khan, Fahad Said Kingsly, Iseko Iyoko Konka, Daniel Laila, Umme Madaki, Kanati Mafe, Alice Njolke Mahmood, Abid Maianguwa, dulrashid Dauda Makanjuola, Victor Malantso, Jackson Soyinka Maqbool, Tahmina Marvelous, Solomon Godiya Matilda, Manasseh Ilumunter Mchibuma, Jibaniya Grace Melvin, Ugwuala Chimaobi Mijinyawa, Aboki Nwunuji Mijinyawa, Ibrahim Jamilat Mohammed, Ikrimah Usman Mohammed, Rashida Ismail Mona, Etah Hope Morayo, Ale Ebenezer Morgan, Akpan Usenobong Morolake, Olabanji Martina Moses, Iyekekpolor Osamudiame Muhammad Abdullah Muhammad Akram Muhammad, Muhammad Bashir Mustapha, Musa Azegya Najeeb, Aliyu Olamilekan Namuma, Shitta Nasisi Nanmar, Chakfa Ngabea, Nasiru Audu Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew Ngbede, Ocheifa Matthew O, Mosugu O. Odufa, Egbeadumah Maryanne Ogochukwu, Edom Favour Okang, Ogar Fonne Oko, John Odiba Okoli, Emmanuel Chikodiri Okwori, Ameh Godwin Oladele, Gloria Omonefe Oladimeji, Oluwasegun M. Olawale, Otitoju Olawale, Otitujo Olayemi, Abimbola Gbenga Olayeni, Abimbola Gbenga Oluwabunmi, Adeseye Helen Oluwabunmi, Helen Oluwale, Otitoju Omanchi, Emmanuel Omolara, Mosugu Ovayoza Onyindia, Agbo Christiana Onyinyechi, Nwachukwu Favour Oteng, Joseph Otitoju, Olawale Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu Ozdemi, Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet Peter, Danladi Mbosire Peter, Prosper Uneju Philemon, Panah Philip, Shadrach Rashid, Abid Rebecca, Tsokwa Punarimam Rehman, Urooj S, Ezeonu C. Sadia, Haleema Salman, Julius Ishaya Shadrach, Katchim Evelyn Shadrach, Philip Shahid, Isbah Shaibu, Isaac Eleojo Sheneni, Victor Duniya Shenia, Zephaniah Hananiah Siddan, Ahmad Alhassan Sirina, Bakari Genevieve Sołowski, Gaweł Sule, Josephine Maina Sunday, Abu Michael Sunday, James Agbu Talent, Akoh Miracle Tansaba, Akafa Andes Tensaba, Akafa Andes Tiimob, Gideon Likida Timothy, Mgbede Tyem, Lawal Danjuma Uchechukwu, Ukoh Daniel Udoh, Mary Athanasius Uduak, Peter Ise Ugbedeojo, Sule John Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen Ujah, Oche Williams Ujah, Williams Oche Umahi, David Umar, Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru, Hauwa A. Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru, Kerenhapucch Isaac Umogbai, Debora Akinola Utioukpan, Ashaka Fidelis Williams, Queen Uyo Wilson, Ubur Terzulum Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle Yakubu, Kaka Garpiya Yakubu, Ojochenemi E. Yakubu, Ojochenemi Ejeh Yeboah, Genevieve A. Yeboah, Genevieve Akpah Yemisi, Adeyanju Kate Yuguda, Ismail Yunusa Yusuf, Obadiah Saveni Yusufu, Dawoye Zinas, Simon Teza