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Exploring the Links between Genetics and Diseases: Review Umaru, Isaac John; Esseyi, Chabunda Endashi; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Tensaba, Akafa Andes; Istifanus, Dafup Kadel; Umahi, David
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3482

Abstract

This review article delves into the intricate connections between genetics and diseases, exploring how genetic variations influence the development and progression of various health conditions. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research in the field of genomics, highlighting key discoveries that have advanced our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of diseases. We examine both monogenic and polygenic disorders, illustrating how mutations in single genes or complex interactions among multiple genes contribute to disease phenotypes. Furthermore, the review discusses the role of epigenetics and gene-environment interactions in modulating disease risk and expression. By synthesizing current findings, this article underscores the potential of genetic research in paving the way for personalized medicine and targeted therapies, offering new avenues for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of genetic diseases. The review also addresses the ethical and societal implications of genetic research, emphasizing the importance of responsible scientific practices and equitable access to genetic advancements.
Review: Functions and Mechanism of Biochemical Markers in The Monitoring of Covid-19 Patients Umaru, Isaac John; Yakubu, Kaka Garpiya; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3485

Abstract

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus, which has given rise to a global sanitary emergency. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are varied and can range from an asymptomatic infection to a mild to severe pneumonia. Recent studies have shown that different laboratory parameters become altered in these patients, and as such are useful as biomarkers to assess the progression of the disease and categorize patients that may present a severe and/or fatal clinical condition. This review analyzes biochemical and immunological markers that become altered in COVID-19 patients and their impact on different organs at a hepatic, cardiac, renal and pancreatic level, as well as markers of inflammation, analyzing their implications in the evolution of the disease.
Ameliorative Effects of Stem bark Extract of Pterocarpus erinaceus on Indomethacin-induced Ulcer Umaru, Isaac John; Olawale, Otitoju; Okoli, Emmanuel Chikodiri; Tensaba, Akafa Andes; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Istifanus, Dafup Kadel; Umahi, David
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3487

Abstract

Pterocarpus erinaceus serve as a medicinal plant to many populations of Nigeria and West Africa. The stem bark, leaves, and root bark have been studied for their antioxidant, antimalaria, antiulcerogenic, and antibacterial properties. The study examined the anti-ulcerogenic properties of Pterocarpus erinaceus stem bark extracts in albino rats with indomethacin-induced ulcers and hepatic biochemical changes. The anti-ulcer effect was determined by histopathological examination of ulcerated rats treated with the stem bark extracts in a period of 14-days. The three extracts did not cause elevation of key liver biomarkers such as AST, ALT, and ALP. Hence are considered not non-toxic at the dose and duration given. The leaf extract exhibited anti-ulcer effect at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg.
Effect of Diphenyl Diselenide on Blood Glucose Level and Hepatic Indices in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Morayo, Ale Ebenezer; Umaru, Isaac John; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3630

Abstract

Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) is an organoselenium compound that exhibits multi-pharmacological activities owing to its glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) mimicry. Herein, the effect of DPDS on blood sugar and hepatic indices in alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats was investigated. Twenty albino rats were distributed into four groups: A was the normal control and recieved distilled water only, B was the negative control and recieved alloxan, C was the tested group and received alloxan with DPDS treatment, and D was the positive control and recieved alloxan with glibenclamide (standard andtidiabetic drug). Rats were induced with alloxan, and treated for 14 days. Animals weight and blood glucose level were measured, and on the last day, animals were sacrificed and blood was collected for the liver function analysis. Result revealed that alloxan administration led to a marked (p<0.05) fall in weights, but weight loss was reversed upon DPDS treatment. In addition, there was a profound (p<0.05) increase in blood glucose level of alloxan-treated rats. Nonetheless, treatment with DPDS exerted marked (P< 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level across day 7 and 14. Furthermore, the activities of serum hepatic enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were markedly (p<0.05) increased with concomitant reduction in the levels of total protein, albumin and globulin, but be that as it may, treatment with DPDS restored normalcy to the hepatic abnormalities and this effect was comparable to the standard drug. DPDS could therefore be suggested for future development of novel drug for diabetes and diabetes related complications.
A Review: Role of Aldosterone in Hypertension Audu, Jankada Patience; Chikata, Ezugwu Hilary; Ipav, Selumun Solomon; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3663

Abstract

In Western societies, hypertension affects up to 20% of the population, making it a significant public health concern. The rates of blood pressure control remain unsatisfactory despite advancements in treatment. Since hypertension is a complex disorder, there is rarely a single, obvious cause identified for so-called "essential" hypertension. The primary mineralocorticoid in humans, aldosterone is increasingly understood to contribute significantly to cardiovascular morbidity. Its role in hypertension has also been examined in view of recent research suggesting that up to 15% of hypertensive individuals exhibit a key phenotype of increased aldosterone biosynthesis, as indicated by an elevated aldosterone to renin ratio. Excessive production or activity of mineralocorticoids is a significant contributing factor to secondary hypertension. Humans' basic mineralocorticoid is aldosterone, and when an aldosterone-secreting adenoma (Conns tumour) is linked to primary aldosterone excess, it can be surgically treated. Although primary aldosteronism was once thought to be rare, recent studies have reported preval_ence rates of up to 20% among hypertensive patients. This reflects the increasing use of the plasma aldosterone concentration to renin activity ratio (ARR), which is a proxy for angiotensin II, the major trophic substance regulating aldosterone secretion. Traditionally, patients with Conns tumour present with spontaneous hypokalaemia and have a relative excess of aldosterone production with suppression of plasma levels of renin (a proxy for angiotensin II, the major trophic substance regulating aldosterone secretion).
The Comparative Suitability of Different Solvents Used in the Fractionation of Methanol Leaf Extract of Persea americana Mill: An in Vitro Studies Yakubu, Ojochenemi E.; Otitoju, Olawale; Danjuma, Janya; Maianguwa, dulrashid Dauda; Umaru, Isaac John; Oladele, Gloria Omonefe
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3664

Abstract

This research investigated the suitability of various solvents used in the fractionation of methanol leaf extract of P. americana to ascertain the flavonoid, vitamin and amino acid profile of the fractions. It has been demonstrated that a number of Persea americana plant components contain different phytochemicals associated with important biological function. Fresh leaves of P. americana were harvested from Baissa in Taraba State. The plant materials were air dried under shade at ambient temperature. The dried plant materials were pulverized to fine powder using mortar and pestle. The pulverized plant material was soaked in methanol for 72 hours for extraction. The extract was filtered using clean filter cloth and filter paper under reduced pressure. The filtrate was evaporated in in rotary evaporator and water bath to obtain the required concentrate. The extract was used to perform fractionation using separation funnel and solvents of different polarity such n-hexane, methanol and ethanol. Each of the fractions was used to analyze for flavonoid, vitamin and amino acid profile using HPLC. The result reveals that quercetin is present in each of the fractions. Caffeic acid phenyl ether was detected in diluted ethanol fraction, coumaric acid was identified in diluted n-hexane fraction, caffeic acid was identified in methanol fraction chlorogenic acid detected in n-hexane fraction. Vitamin K was identified in all the fractions, Vitamin B1 was identified in diluted ethanol fraction and n-hexane fraction while vitamin B9 was detected in diluted n-hexane fraction and n-hexane fraction. Vitamins B2 and B6 were identified in methanol fraction and diluted ethanol fraction respectively. The diluted ethanol fraction was seen to contain 8 different amino acids followed by the methanol fraction with 6, then the diluted n-hexane fraction with 3 and the n-hexane fraction with 2. This reveals that for isolation of amino acids, the ethanol fraction may be more suitable considering that the highest number of amino acids were found in it.
Determination of Mineral, Vitamin Content and Antioxidant Activity of Telfairia Occidentalis Seed Jabir, Abdulmumin; Siddan, Ahmad Alhassan; Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid; Umaru, Isaac John; Habibu, Bilyaminu; Oluwabunmi, Adeseye Helen; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3665

Abstract

Telfairia occidentalis, also known as fluted pumpkin, is a widely cultivated vegetable in West Africa with potential nutritional and health benefits. They serve to supplement the nutrients provided by cereals and tubers; however, there is lack of comprehensive compositional data regarding the mineral of fluted pumpkin seeds in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the mineral, vitamin, and antioxidant properties of T. occidentalis seeds. The seeds were analyzed for their mineral content (calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, and sodium), vitamin content (vitamins A, C, and E), and antioxidant activity using standard analytical methods. The results showed that the seeds were rich in essential minerals, especially manganese; 573.01±0.39mg/kg, sodium; 525.02±0.91mg/kg, calcium; 297.06±1.05mg/kg, iron; 53.42±0.59mg/kg and zinc; 5.65±0.01mg/kg. The seeds exhibited potent antioxidant activity, as measured by various in vitro assays. The presence of vitamin E (35.54±0.47mg/kg), vitamin C (20.20±0.44mg/kg) and vitamin A (15.17±0.16mg/kg). The low levels of antioxidant activity ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.49±0.01) and hydrogen scavenging activity (1.20±0.01) makes the fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) safe for consumption. These findings suggest that T. occidentalis seeds could be a valuable source of nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential health-promoting properties. Further research is warranted to explore the nutritional and therapeutic applications of this underutilized seed crop.
Phytochemicals Screening, Minerals Composition and Proximate Analysis of Garlic (Allium sativum) Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid; Aliyu, Sulaiman Abubakar; Goje, Lazaru Joseph; Habibu, Bilyaminu; Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3666

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a widely used medicinal plant with potential health benefits. The use of medicinal plants as remedies or medicine in prevention and treatment of several diseases was in place for many years. Garlic (Allium sativum) is among those plants because it possesses those characteristics. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical constituents, mineral composition, and proximate analysis of garlic. The qualitative phytochemicals screening of garlic ethanolic extract reveals the presence of Tannins, Alkaloid, Saponin, steroid, Glycosides, phenols and flavonoid while the quantitative shows that the extract composed of Alkaloid 10%, Saponin 5.30%, Tannin 4.10 µg/ml, Glycosides 4.40%, flavonoid 2.20%, phenols 3.14 µg/ml. The proximate analysis reveals that the garlic extract contains carbohydrate 65.84%, fiber 7.14%, fat 2.15%,ash 9.90%,moisture 7.58%, protein 7.30% The determination of some minerals composition in (mg/kg) reveals that the extract is composed of sodium(22mg/kg), potassium(531.5 mg/kg), zinc(7.1 mg/kg), copper(0.36 mg/kg), Iron(2.7 mg/kg), calcium(233 mg/kg) and magnesium(35.4 mg/kg) respectively were also detected, highlighting garlic's potential as a nutraceutical food supplement.. This research contributes valuable insights into the bioactive components of garlic, supporting its traditional use and potential health benefits. Further studies could explore its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and therapeutic properties.
Production and Characterisation of Peroxidase from Aspergillus terrens Isolated from Water Sample in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria Timothy, Mgbede; Abah, Moses Adondua; Ayo, Victoria Ifeoluwa; Ahmed, Maryam Usman; Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu; Ijeomah, Nkechi Gift; Gbadebo, Adetoyi Moses; A, Ajala-Lawal R.; Najeeb, Aliyu Olamilekan; Morolake, Olabanji Martina; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3667

Abstract

The use of biocatalysts like enzymes in the development of environmentally sustainable processes has been reported as an ecofriendly approach for the current bioeconomy. This research aimed at producing and characterizing peroxidase from Aspergillus terrens isolated from water sample in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Fungi species from surface water sample obtained in Federal University Wukari, Taraba Nigeria were isolated through serial dilution of peptone water and was cultured in a room temperature in different petri dishes using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). A portion of the fungi growth chosen from the best growth of cultured water sample were cut and transferred into the 250 Erlenmeyer flask each containing an acceptable proportion of phosphate buffer, pH 6.0. The screening for peroxidase production was aseptically performed on a plate by inoculating the fermented medium with azur B dye. The appearance of a clear zone indicated a positive result for peroxidase activity. The incubation of the peroxidase enzyme was conducted over eleven days, with the highest enzyme yield observed on the eighth day. The results obtained in this study showed that the effect of pH on peroxidase activity was studied, revealing that the optimum pH for enzyme activity was 7.5. Peroxidase activity was lowest at pH 1. Temperature variation studies showed that the optimum temperature for peroxidase activity was 30°C. Peroxidase activity changed as substrate concentration was varied. Peroxidase activity was revealed to be highest at substrate concentration 1.9 mM. The kinetic parameters for peroxidase were investigated to be: Vmax = 10.57082; Km = 0.244186. The evidence presented in this research has shown that peroxidase can be produced in mass by using of white rot fungi from/around our surroundings and can be explored as a cheap source of peroxidase for industrial and biotechnological purposes. In conclusion, producing peroxidase from local isolates presents an eco-friendly and affordable alternative for industrial applications, contributing to environmental sustainability and public health.
Effect of Medicinal Plants on Liver and Malaria Pathogenesis Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3674

Abstract

This seminar reviewed the literatures on the effects of medicinal plants on liver and malaria pathogenesis. Malaria parasite has a complex life cycle that takes place both inside the mosquito and human beings. Generally, diagnosis of malaria is classified into clinical and parasitological diagnoses. Lack of clear understanding on the overall biology of Plasmodium (malaria), its life cycle and its mechanism of action has created a challenge in an effort to develop new drugs, and preventive methods against malaria such as using malaria vaccines and vector control. They have been a rise in the use of herbal supplements, natural products, and traditional medicines over the years. The use of herbal plants or their preparations in the management of various diseases including liver diseases has been practiced for several decades and its extension in current dispensation is recognized. It has been shown that the effect of medicinal plants is somehow related to belief, tradition and culture of the community. However, there are growing concerns related to the safety and toxicities of these medicines. These herbal medicines are associated with complications such as liver damage with a high incidence of mortalities and morbidities. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic cases with abnormal liver functions tests to sudden and severe liver failure necessitating liver transplantation. The liver is a very important organ with a lot of functions such as metabolism, detoxification, and storage of nutrients for the host to survive. Standard liver marker enzymes such as ALT, AST, ALP, albumin, globulin are essential when carrying out liver function tests. Medicinal plant components are essential for and can be beneficial or detrimental to the healthy or diseased liver. Medicinal Plants are an essential part of the human diet and comprise various compounds (photochemical) such as alkaloid (pyrrolizidine), kavalactone which are related to liver health. Selected medicinal plants can provide nutritional and medicinal support for liver diseases. At the present, the knowledge of the effects of medicinal plants on the liver is still incomplete. The most urgent task at the present time is to find the best dietary and medicinal plants for liver health in an endless list of candidates globally. This review updates the knowledge about the effects of medicinal plants consumption on the health of the liver, putting particular emphasis on the potential beneficial and harmful impact of medicinal plants on liver function.
Co-Authors A, Ajala-Lawal R. A, Arowora K. A., Arowora K. Abah, Moses Adondua Abbas, Khalid Yahuza Abbas, Sabahat Abdulghafoor, Hind A. Abdulkadir, Nurudeen Umar Abdulrasheed, Lubabatu Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa Absalom, Augustine Abu, Michael S. Abu, Michael Sunday Acha, Ozzioma Praise Adam, Habiba Idris Adam, Idris Habiba Adams, Idris Habiba Adamu, Usman Lukman Adebisi, Arowora Kayode Adeseye, Abdullahi Sa’adu Adi, Godwin Baaku Agaba, Eric Agim Agwu, James Eneji Ahmed, Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmed, Maryam Usman Ahmed, Misbah Aisami, Abubakar Akafa, Andes Tensaba Akafa, Tensaba Andes Akafa, Vika Tensaba Akam, Odok Endurance Akem, Ingwu Joseph Akem3, Ingwu Joseph Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammad Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed Ale, Ebenezer Morayo Ali, , Jaouher Ben Ali, Jaouher Ben Aliyu, Sulaiman Abubakar Alooma, Emmanuel Amen, Ananias Ametefe, Mathias Mawuli Amofa, Gift Amuda, A. J. Andeuka, Useni Ajiya Asare, Solomon O. Asare, Solomon Ossom Aslam, Muhammad Tayyab Aslam, Nosheen Asuelimen, Steve Osagie Audu, Anthony Mishara Audu, Jankada Patience Ayara, Charles Ayi, Atsu Ayo, Victoria Ifeoluwa Bafai, Favour Joel Baig, Muhammad Haris Bando, David Christopher Bappa, Lipana Dorcas Benjamin, Wisdom L. Bobie, Shelter Agbeko Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye C, Ugwuoke Kenneth Chikata, Ezugwu Hilary Chinedu, Imo Chinonso, Anih David Chishti, Abdul Wadood Chisom, Gabriel Favour Chuanu, Solomon Chukwudi, Emmanuel Eluu Dambazau, Zainab Bello Daniel, Benjamin Nanisi Danjuma, Janya Danjuma, Tyem Lawal Dauda, Mai-anguwa Abdulrashid Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrashid Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid David, Bando Christopher David, Izam Emmanuel Dooshima, Arowora Mercy Efongwa, Emmanuel Efoseh, Danlami Ejeh, Yakubu Ojochenemi Ekpo, Fidelis Okii Ekubnse, Nkiri Annasthesia Ekunyi, Agbo Chibuike Ekup, Ogholo Ogholo Emmanuel, Okoli Emochone, Roy Yohanna Enang, Kingsley Bassey Enyojo, Lawal Favour Esseyi, Chabunda Endashi Essien, Inemesit Samuel Ezeonu, Chukuma Stephen Frank, Otashu Kenneth Galam, Nanyak Zingfa Gbadebo, Adetoyi Moses Ghazwani, Eisa Yazeed Goje, Lazaru Joseph Grace, Onwubiko N. Gyasi, Prince Kwadwo Habibu, Bilyaminu Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair Hassan, Okrah George Henry, Onwubiko A. Iftikhar, Momina Iheanacho, Chinedu Christian Ijeomah, Nkechi Gift Ikira, Usman Innocent, Nwofor Ipav, Selumun Solomon Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko Ismail, Muhammad Zuhairah Istifanus, Dafup Kadel Istifanus, Dafup Katdel Jabir, Abdulmumin Jack, Precious Chioma Jacob, Mathew Janya, Danjuma Javed, Amna Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed Joel, Emmanuel Askeb-nde Joel, Emmanuel Askebnde John, Artu Ishishen John, Omachi Blessing John, Tongle Nanle Johnson, Joanna Afariba Joseph, Ikwebe Joseph, Iornenge Terungwa Kayode, Arowora Khan, Alam Afroz Urooj Khan, Fahad Said Kingsly, Iseko Iyoko Konka, Daniel Laila, Umme Madaki, Kanati Mafe, Alice Njolke Mahmood, Abid Maianguwa, dulrashid Dauda Makanjuola, Victor Malantso, Jackson Soyinka Maqbool, Tahmina Marvelous, Solomon Godiya Matilda, Manasseh Ilumunter Mchibuma, Jibaniya Grace Melvin, Ugwuala Chimaobi Mijinyawa, Aboki Nwunuji Mijinyawa, Ibrahim Jamilat Mohammed, Ikrimah Usman Mohammed, Rashida Ismail Mona, Etah Hope Morayo, Ale Ebenezer Morgan, Akpan Usenobong Morolake, Olabanji Martina Moses, Iyekekpolor Osamudiame Muhammad Abdullah Muhammad Akram Muhammad, Muhammad Bashir Mustapha, Musa Azegya Najeeb, Aliyu Olamilekan Namuma, Shitta Nasisi Nanmar, Chakfa Ngabea, Nasiru Audu Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew Ngbede, Ocheifa Matthew O, Mosugu O. Odufa, Egbeadumah Maryanne Ogochukwu, Edom Favour Okang, Ogar Fonne Oko, John Odiba Okoli, Emmanuel Chikodiri Okwori, Ameh Godwin Oladele, Gloria Omonefe Oladimeji, Oluwasegun M. Olawale, Otitoju Olawale, Otitujo Olayemi, Abimbola Gbenga Olayeni, Abimbola Gbenga Oluwabunmi, Adeseye Helen Oluwabunmi, Helen Oluwale, Otitoju Omanchi, Emmanuel Omolara, Mosugu Ovayoza Onyindia, Agbo Christiana Onyinyechi, Nwachukwu Favour Oteng, Joseph Otitoju, Olawale Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu Ozdemi, Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet Peter, Danladi Mbosire Peter, Prosper Uneju Philemon, Panah Philip, Shadrach Rashid, Abid Rebecca, Tsokwa Punarimam Rehman, Urooj S, Ezeonu C. Sadia, Haleema Salman, Julius Ishaya Shadrach, Katchim Evelyn Shadrach, Philip Shahid, Isbah Shaibu, Isaac Eleojo Sheneni, Victor Duniya Shenia, Zephaniah Hananiah Siddan, Ahmad Alhassan Sirina, Bakari Genevieve Sołowski, Gaweł Sule, Josephine Maina Sunday, Abu Michael Sunday, James Agbu Talent, Akoh Miracle Tansaba, Akafa Andes Tensaba, Akafa Andes Tiimob, Gideon Likida Timothy, Mgbede Tyem, Lawal Danjuma Uchechukwu, Ukoh Daniel Udoh, Mary Athanasius Uduak, Peter Ise Ugbedeojo, Sule John Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen Ujah, Oche Williams Ujah, Williams Oche Umahi, David Umar, Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru, Hauwa A. Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru, Kerenhapucch Isaac Umogbai, Debora Akinola Utioukpan, Ashaka Fidelis Williams, Queen Uyo Wilson, Ubur Terzulum Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle Yakubu, Kaka Garpiya Yakubu, Ojochenemi E. Yakubu, Ojochenemi Ejeh Yeboah, Genevieve A. Yeboah, Genevieve Akpah Yemisi, Adeyanju Kate Yuguda, Ismail Yunusa Yusuf, Obadiah Saveni Yusufu, Dawoye Zinas, Simon Teza